Heat and TemperatureHeat and Temperature

Do NowDo Now

What are five ways that heat can affect “earth What are five ways that heat can affect “earth processes” processes”

List them out. Hand in.List them out. Hand in.

ProficienciesProficiencies Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and

Kelvin scales.Kelvin scales.

Describe heat as a form of energy transfer.Describe heat as a form of energy transfer.

Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred by Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred by convection, radiation, conduction. convection, radiation, conduction.

Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators.Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators.

Describe the four states of matter.Describe the four states of matter.

ObjectivesObjectives Be able to describe ways that heat impacts “earthly functions”Be able to describe ways that heat impacts “earthly functions”

Differentiate between Heat and TemperatureDifferentiate between Heat and Temperature

Identify direct and indirect ways to measure temperature.Identify direct and indirect ways to measure temperature.

Identify and give examples of the three methods of heat transfer.Identify and give examples of the three methods of heat transfer.

Name the phase transitions. Describe the energy requirements and physical Name the phase transitions. Describe the energy requirements and physical changes that occur during phase transitions. changes that occur during phase transitions.

Relate the energy and physical requirements for phase transitions Relate the energy and physical requirements for phase transitions to the formation of fog, frost, dew, clouds, and various types of to the formation of fog, frost, dew, clouds, and various types of precipitation. precipitation.

How Does Heat (Heat Differences) How Does Heat (Heat Differences) Impact “Internal Earth Functions”Impact “Internal Earth Functions”

Movement of Outer Core Movement of Outer Core Movement of the mantleMovement of the mantle

Movement of tectonic platesMovement of tectonic plates Melting of rockMelting of rock EarthquakesEarthquakes

Magnetic fields around the earthMagnetic fields around the earthAuroras formAuroras formProtection of the earth from solar stormsProtection of the earth from solar storms

Pressure within the earthPressure within the earthVolcanoesVolcanoes

How Does Heat Affect the SurfaceHow Does Heat Affect the Surface

Solar RadiationSolar RadiationLight waves and photonsLight waves and photons

Water movement Water movement Ocean currentsOcean currentsWind currentsWind currentsWater cycleWater cycle

ClimateClimateShelterShelter

Are Heat and Temperature the Are Heat and Temperature the Same?Same?

Are Heat and Temperature the Are Heat and Temperature the Same?Same?

As the heat increases, we see an increase As the heat increases, we see an increase in temperature.in temperature.

Are heat and temperature the same?Are heat and temperature the same?Will heat and temperature always be Will heat and temperature always be

proportional to each other? (as one goes up, proportional to each other? (as one goes up, the other goes up)the other goes up)

TemperatureTemperature A number that relates to the average A number that relates to the average

kinetic energykinetic energy of the molecules in a of the molecules in a substancesubstance

When measured in Kelvin, it is directly When measured in Kelvin, it is directly proportionalproportional

HeatHeatMeasure of the TOTAL energyMeasure of the TOTAL energy

Kinetic + PotentialKinetic + Potential

Does Heating something always cause the Does Heating something always cause the temperature to increase?temperature to increase?

HeatHeatCan causeCan cause

Temperature increaseTemperature increaseTemp inc Temp inc kinetic increase kinetic increase Tells you nothing about PETells you nothing about PE

Phase changes to occurPhase changes to occurIncrease in PE of molecules but not KEIncrease in PE of molecules but not KE

Detecting HeatDetecting HeatHow do you detect whether something is How do you detect whether something is

hot?hot?

ThermometerThermometerTemperature measuring deviceTemperature measuring deviceQuantifies the average motion of moleculesQuantifies the average motion of molecules Interpreted as a measure of heat.Interpreted as a measure of heat.

Detecting HeatDetecting HeatCan you use a thermometer Can you use a thermometer

In space?In space? In molten metalsIn molten metals In hot fires?In hot fires?

What can you use that can measure heat What can you use that can measure heat (radiation) without touching the heat (radiation) without touching the heat source?source?

Detecting HeatDetecting Heat Infrared camerasInfrared cameras

Image the heatImage the heat Infrared detectorsInfrared detectors

Measure heat energyMeasure heat energy

WHY CAN YOU MEASURE HEAT WITHOUT WHY CAN YOU MEASURE HEAT WITHOUT TOUCHING IT?TOUCHING IT?

Because Heat TravelsBecause Heat Travels The type of travel depends on the mediumThe type of travel depends on the medium

SolidsSolids ConductionConduction

Liquids and GasesLiquids and Gases ConvectionConvection

Solids, Liquids and GasesSolids, Liquids and Gases RadiationRadiation

Heat always moves from high heat to low heat in Heat always moves from high heat to low heat in the easiest (most efficient) way possible.the easiest (most efficient) way possible.

Conduction RequiresConduction Requires Two objects are in Two objects are in

contact and at contact and at different temperaturesdifferent temperatures

Movement of heat Movement of heat through molecular through molecular collisions collisions A thermal infrared image of a

coffee cup filled with a hot liquid. Notice the rings of color showing heat traveling from the hot liquid through the metal cup. You can see this in the metal spoon as well. This is a good example of conduction.

Convection RequiresConvection Requires A liquid or gas movementA liquid or gas movement

Hot liquid or gas rises to Hot liquid or gas rises to area of cool liquid or gasarea of cool liquid or gas

Cooler liquid or gas Cooler liquid or gas moves “down”moves “down”

Heat energy is Heat energy is transferred through transferred through circulation circulation

This thermal infrared image shows hot oil boiling in a pan. The oil is transferring heat up and out of the pan by convection. Notice the hot (yellow) centers of rising hot oil and the cooler outlines of the sinking oil

RadiationRadiation Does not rely on matter to Does not rely on matter to

transfer heattransfer heat

Energy transport consisting of Energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of lighttraveling at the speed of light

Created by “excited electrons” Created by “excited electrons” calming down.calming down.

All objects can absorb and All objects can absorb and emit energyemit energy

http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/waves.html

Does Heat Travel Through Does Heat Travel Through Everything?Everything?

What does conduction mean?What does conduction mean?What is a good conductor?What is a good conductor?

Thermal ConductorsThermal Conductors Thermal conductorThermal conductor

(heat conductor) (heat conductor) a material that a material that

conducts heat well conducts heat well Conducts heat Conducts heat

quicklyquickly

What are examples of What are examples of good conductors?good conductors?

Thermal InsulatorsThermal Insulators Materials that do NOT Materials that do NOT

conduct heat wellconduct heat well

Materials that keep Materials that keep heat OUT (or IN)heat OUT (or IN)

Are insulators non-Are insulators non-conductors?conductors?

What are semi-conductors?What are semi-conductors?

Why does something conductWhy does something conductAs a rule, good conductors of heat are As a rule, good conductors of heat are

good conductors of electricitygood conductors of electricity

Conductors allow charge (electrons) to Conductors allow charge (electrons) to flow through themflow through them

Electrons stop orbiting, and jump from Electrons stop orbiting, and jump from atom to atomatom to atom

What are moving electrons?What are moving electrons?Moving electrons are called a current. Moving electrons are called a current.

Electrons can move along material that is Electrons can move along material that is a conductora conductor

When the path on which electrons flow is When the path on which electrons flow is continuous, a circuit is created.continuous, a circuit is created.

Conversions – Kelvin, Celsius, Conversions – Kelvin, Celsius, FarenheitFarenheit