Hearing

Anatomy of the ear

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Anatomy of the ear cont...

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Anatomy cont...

●○ Ossicles: Three small bones that are connected and transmit

the sound waves to the inner ear.

■ Malleus

■ Incus

■ Stapes

Anatomy cont...

● Eustachian tube. A canal that links the middle ear with the back of

the nose.

○ helps to equalize the pressure in the middle ear

○ needed for the proper transfer of sound waves

Anatomy cont..

●○ Cochlea (contains the nerves for hearing)

○ Vestibule (contains receptors for balance)

○ Semicircular canals (contain receptors for balance)

How sound waves turn into sound

1. sound waves collected by the pinna are channelled into ear canal

2. hit Tympanic membrane 3. vibrations knock the Ossicles 4. mallus passes vibrations to incus & the

incus to stapes 5. Stapes bone passes vibrations to oval

window

How sound waves turn into sounds 6. vibrations passing through window set up ripples in liquid of inner ear

7. ripples bend hairlike receptor cells in corti organ inside of the Cochlea

8. As the hairs bend, they produce nerve impulses that are carried to the brain

Physiology cont...

Physiology ●

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Homeostatic Imbalances

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■ infectious diseases including meningitis, measles and mumps;■ chronic ear infections;■ collection of fluid in the ear ■ use of certain medicines■ injury to the head or ear■ excessive noise■ recreational exposure to loud sounds ■ ageing■ wax or foreign bodies blocking the ear canal

Homeostatic imbalances cont...

●○ Muffling of speech and other sounds○ Difficulty understanding words,○ Trouble hearing consonants○ Frequently asking others to speak more slowly, clearly and loudly○ Needing to turn up the volume of the television or radio○ Withdrawal from conversations○ Avoidance of some social settings

Homeostatic imbalances cont...

●○ Avoid recreational risks○ Have your hearing tested○ Protect your ears in the workplace

Homeostatic Imbalances cont… ●

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Sources ● www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-ear-90-P02025● https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156286.php● .https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20373072 ● https://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/ear/