Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails - Miss...
Transcript of Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails - Miss...
Your Skin
0Largest organ of the human body
02 main layers
0Epidermis – thin outer layer – portion you see
0Dermis – thicker layer that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves
Epidermis
0Lipids – make your skin water proof and maintain proper balance of water
0Melanin – pigment that gives skin, hair, and iris of the eye color
0The more melanin = the darker the color
0Helps protect from UV rays
Dermis
0Composed of connective tissue, gives skin elastic qualities
0Sebaceous glands – secrete oily substance to prevent hair and skin from drying out
0Blood vessels supply cells with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste
Skin Functions 0Protection
0 Pathogens and internal damage, barrier for bacteria and viruses
0Temperature control
0 Body temp rises = blood vessels dilate, sweat glands release perspiration, body temp drop = blood vessels constrict
0 Sensation
0 Nerve cells allow for feelings of pressure, pain, heat, and cold
Keeping Skin Healthy 0Wash your face twice a day with mild soap and
water
0Daily washing helps remove and slow bacteria that causes body odor
0Avoid touching face with hands, major bacteria
0Pay attention to irritation and allergic reactions
0Follow balanced eating plan, vitamin A rich foods
UV Protection 0 Suntan = damaged skin from UV rays
0Melanin production increased
0Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer
0Reminders:
0 Always wear sunscreen on exposed areas (15-30 minutes before going out in the sun)
0 Wear protective clothing (especially between 10am and 4 pm)
0 Wear sunglasses
0 Avoid tanning beds
Piercings and Tattoos
0 Been around for millions of years, allows for self expression
0 Both are mostly permanent
0 Both are a risk because they use needles to break the skin barrier
0 Never attempt at home, always use clean needles
0 If oral piercing/tattooing, check with your dentist
0 Keep in mind that social impacts of piercings and tattoos is a possibility
Skin Problems
0Acne – when pores in the skin are clogged, bacteria causes inflammation
0Warts – virus caused and normally on hands, feet, and face – direct contact from someone else’s wart
0Dermatitis or eczema – inflamed or scaly patch, usually allergic reaction
0Fungal infections – ringworm and athlete’s foot, spread from direct contact
Skin Problems, cont
0Boils – hair follicles become infected, pus forms under skin, bursting/squeezing can cause spreading
0Vitiligo – loss of melanin, no pigment, burn very easily
0Moles – can develop melanoma (skin cancer), early detection is key
0 Page 360
Hair 0 Living cells in the epidermis produce new hairs to cause
growth
0 Hair protects skin from UV rays
0 Eyelashes and eyebrows catch dust and other particles to protect eyes
0 Hair also prevents heat loss
0 Must have a well-balanced diet, proper cleaning, however harsh chemicals like dyes and bleaches can cause major damage
0 Heat from blow dryers, curling irons, and straighteners causes hair to become dry and brittle
Hair Problems
0 Small amounts of oil produced in dermis keeps hair soft and shiny, too much or too little changes hair quality
0Dandruff –dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes when scalp becomes too dry
0Head lice – small parasitic insects that live in the scalp and are fed by biting through skin in the scalp, spread by direct contact
Your Nails 0Made of closely packed dead cells that contain
keratin
0Keep them trimmed evenly and clean (especially under, on the sides and in the cuticles)
0Trim toenails straight across and slightly above skin level to reduce risk of infection and ingrown toenails
0Keeping both hands and feet nails short reduces fungal infections
Teeth
0Help break down food for easier digestion
0Form the shape and structure of your mouth
0Permanent teeth begin arriving at 5 years of age through adulthood
Keeping Teeth/Mouth Healthy 0 Brushing and flossing is key
0 Bacteria and sugars break down enamel (outer covering)
0 Plaque – bacteria and other things that stick to the outside of a tooth, acid produced by bacteria can eat a hole in the tooth
0 Regular dentist visits
0 Eat well balanced diet with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin C
0 Reduce sugary drinks, or dark colored drinks
0 Brush after every meal, floss daily
0 Wear mouth guard
0 Avoid tobacco products
Teeth/Mouth Problems
0 Halitosis – bad breath
0 Periodontal disease (gum disease) – inflamed gums due to tartar buildup
0 Gingivitis – early stage of periodontal disease, if not caught, causes major problems with bone and support tissue for teeth
0 Malocclusion – misalignment of upper and lower teeth
0 Impacted wisdom teeth – crowding and pushing on other teeth or infection
Eyes 0 Most sensory information received here first by light
structures
0 Lacrimal gland - Secretes tears to prevent infection
0 Blinking helps keeps eyes moist
0 Consists of optic nerve and three layers 0 Sclera – outer layer, cornea – helps focus and understand
light
0 Choroid – middle layer, iris-colored portion
0 Retina – inner layer, rods and cones allow to see in dim or bright light
0 Optic nerve – reads the information from the retina and cornea to focus and see
Vision
0 20/20 vision – images are most clear and sharp from retina
0 Nearsighted (myopia) – cannot see far
0 Farsighted (hyperopia) – cannot see near
0 Pg 370
Protect Vision
0 Wear sunglasses and other protection
0 Rest your eyes
0 Get lots of vitamin A
0 Go see the eye doctor!
Ears
0 Outer ear – visible called auricle, channels sound waves into canal to the eardrum
0 Middle ear – behind eardrum, connected to throat, pressure and buildup
0 Inner ear – passages that sound vibrations must travel through to form actual sound