HEALTH, WELLNESS AND ILLNESS

WHAT IS HEALTH?

WHAT IS HEALTH?Definition of Health?

WHO, 1947

“Health is state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”

Dunn, 1967

“Health is an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction with the environment where he/she is functioning ”

MODEL of HEALTH

1. Medical Model

2. Environmental Model

MEDICAL MODEL

- about measure of health by gathering numerical data (vital statistic)

- ie: prevalence of diseases, incidence of diseases- In medical model diseases

measured in term of morbidity and mortality

Terminology

- Health- Medical model- Vital statistic- Prevalence- Incidence- Morbidity- Mortality

ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL

-About analyses of ecosystems and environmental risks to human health- In this model health is define in terms of the quality of a person’s (human factors) adaptation to environmental as conditions change

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

HUMAN FACTORS

TERMINOLOGY

- Environmental Factors

- Human Factors

WELLNESS

- emphasizes individual responsibility for wellbeing through the practice of health-promoting like style behaviors- Holistic model of health- In this model define health in term of whole person- Encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, environmental and communities- State of optimum health

THE WELLNESS CONTINUUM

NEUTRAL POINT

HIGH LEVEL OF

WELLNESS DEATH

Signs

Symptoms

DisabilityAwareness

Education

Growth

DIMENSION OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS

- Wellness is dynamic and continuous

- All dimensions are integrated and functioning together

SIX DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS

- Emotional- Intellectual- Spiritual- Occupational- Social- Physical

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Health determinants:

1

1.Socio economic conditions

2.Biological

3.Environmental

4.Behavioral

5.Culture environment

6.Psychological

SOCIO ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Socio economic determinants health:

1. Education

2. Income

3. Employment

4. Housing

5. Health care services

6. Food security

7. Social support network

8. Early life

9. Aboriginal status

10. Social exclusion

11. Gender

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socio economic conditions:

1. Micro economic conditions

2. Macro economic conditions

i. Individual level

ii. Community level

i. National economy

ii. Global economy

Example

Spread of infectious diseases

Globalisation of communicable diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatistis C, bird flu, SARS, H1 N1 etc

Emerging of new disease and re-emerging of disease

Diseases related with life style

Medical care – development of health tourism – patient able to access to cheaper medical care

1

Socio economic determinants of health – AT INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL

Economic development lead to

Increase production

Distribution effect

Consumption

o increase resources

o equity in health

o public consumption

o private consumption

ILLNESS & DISEASES

“The new theory is that most of today’s human illness, the infectious ones aside, are multifactor in nature, caused by two great arrays of causative mechanism: the influence of things in the environment; and one’s personal lifestyle. For medicine to become effective in dealing with such diseases, it has become common belief that the environment will have to be changed, and personal ways of living also have to be transformed, and radically.” - Thomas, 1978

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSHUMAN

FACTORS

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

HUMAN FACTORS

THE WELLNESS CONTINUUM

NEUTRAL POINT

HIGH LEVEL OF

WELLNESS DEATH

Signs

Symptoms

DisabilityAwareness

Education

Growth

Diseases Condition

INDIVIDUAL & ILLNESS

Healthy Individuals

Early Disease

Established Disease

Complications & Death

Exposure to Risk

Incidence & Prevalence of Disease, Complications and Mortality

Provision, Distribution, operations, and utilisation of health services across the population

Primary Prevention

Screening, Early Detection and Intervention (e.g. Good Clinical Control )

Health Systems Improvement: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Access, Equity...

HEALTH, ILLNESS AND POPULATION

HEALTHY

CONTINUUM OF ILLNESS

SUB CLINICAL

NO SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

CLINICAL

WITH SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

ILLNESS

CAUSATION OF DISEASES

MULTIFACTORAL CAUSATION OF DISEASES:

- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

- LIFE STYLE FACTORS

- BIOLOGICAL FACTORS