Health Services Research and Practice: Pharmaceuticals
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Transcript of Health Services Research and Practice: Pharmaceuticals
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Health Services Research and Practice: Pharmaceuticals
Andy Stergachis, Ph.D. R.Ph.
Epidemiology and Pharmacy
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Topics
Medication Use
Variations in Drug-Related Services
Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety
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Rx Expenditures: selected countries
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180$US Bil
Source: IMS HEALTH: MIDAS, 2001 * Pharmacy only ** Hospital only
Sale
sRx
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$422 $417 $410$379
$352 $347 $341
$291
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
Rx Spending Per Capita
Source: OECD Health Data, 1999
Rx
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Variations in Drug-Related Services
Pharmacies and pharmacists Financing Advertising and promotion OTCs and drug schedules Drug approval Complementary medicine
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71% 11% 12% 4% 2%
6,2256,225
935935 1,0671,067328328 167167
PRECLINICALPHASE I PHASE IIPHASE III PRE-REG
Source: IMS Lifecycle CD ROM December 2001
2001 Global Pipeline
To December 2001 8,722 Products
New
Product
s
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Sources of Risk from Medical Products
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Pharmacoepidemiology as a Continuum
Surveillance/Signal Generation Adverse event reports
Verify/Confirm and Quantify Risk Case-control and cohort studies
Improved Patient Care and Regulatory Decision Making Risk-to-benefit
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Issues
Affordability, access and equity How safe is safe enough? Variations in pharmacy practice Variations in regulatory agencies Drug reimportation concerns Patterns of use, e.g., antimicrobial
resistance
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More Information
www.fip.org:
Humanitarian Organizations (for example):
Other Organizations (eg. pharmacoepi.org)