Health, Safety & Welfare - MKUH Workforce · 2018. 7. 24. · This workbook gives you a general...
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Health, Safety & Welfare
Preventing harm in the workplace Workbook
Please ensure you read the workbook thoroughly and complete
the assessment at the end
Marion Carnell, DipNEBOSH,
Health & Safety Advisor
Version 2. August 2017 MCarnell H&S Advisor
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Introduction
This workbook is designed to support your knowledge in relation to health and safety in the
workplace. It will give you an overview of how health and safety is managed within the
Trust and the expectations/duties placed upon the organisation and staff.
There are clear health, safety & welfare roles and responsibilities for ALL individuals
working in the Trust, these are clearly mapped in policies and of course our job descriptions.
We are all responsible for ensuring our own health and safety and that of our colleagues,
patients, visitors and other third parties.
It is our collective responsibility to ensure we work to the health and safety standards
and arrangements set by the Trust so we can work responsibly, safely and prevent harm
and suffering happening to any individual.
Please read through this workbook, complete the questions at the back and return your
answer sheet to
Marion Carnell, Health & Safety Advisor
Risk & Clinical Governance Department
Level 2, Oak House
Tel: 01908 995097 (ext: 85097)
Email: [email protected]
Refresher Training Requirements Trust policy requires that Health, Safety & Welfare competence must be assessed every 3
years. A classroom session must be attended as part of the induction programme however
refresher training can be completed via one of the following options:
classroom session
workbook and assessment
e learning and assessment
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Learning Outcomes
This workbook will provide you will look at:
The Trusts commitment to health, safety & welfare
A brief overview of health, safety & welfare law
The Trust arrangements for managing health, safety & welfare
Roles & responsibilities
The penalties for not managing health, safety & welfare well
Health and safety policies & their location
The basic principles of risk assessment
Common workplace hazards
Principles of reporting accidents, incidents, ill health and near misses
Source: UK Core Skills Framework version 1.3
Trust Commitment to Health, safety & welfare
The Trust Board and Chief Executive recognise their legal and moral
duty to prevent accidents, ill health and death as a result of work.
They will ensure robust arrangements for the management of health
and safety are implemented within the organisation in order to reduce
the opportunity of harm occurring.
Trust Health & Safety Policy
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The organisation is legally and morally duty bound to have in place processes to manage health and safety so that all individuals are protected from harm, ill health or death that could be as a result of work. This workbook gives you a general overview of how your health and safety is managed
within the organisation and what the Trust as an employer must do and what you as an
employee must do.
Benefits of Managing Health, Safety & Welfare
Managing health and safety has lots of benefits and should not be seen as a burden, it is
part of our everyday work. If we all manage health and safety responsibly the benefits
include:
• Reduced accident, injury, ill health and death
• Safer working environment
• Increased staff morale
• Improved performance
• Increased staff and public confidence
• Improved staff recruitment and retention
• Improved safety culture
• Meeting legal compliance and avoiding claims, prosecutions,
fines and prison
• The reputation of the organisation is maintained
• Adverse publicity is reduced
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What is health, safety &
welfare? The definition of health and safety is:
The Trust (and employees) must follow the requirements of Acts, Regulations,
Approved Codes of Practice and Guidance written in relation to health, safety and
welfare. You may already be aware of the Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, which
places general duties on the organisation as an employer and employees (you) to
provide and ensure the workplace and its activities are safe and staff have the
knowledge and tools to work safely.
The law provides a framework for implementing health and safety management
arrangements that if followed correctly, prevent or reduce the opportunity for harm to
happen to any individual.
The Law is there to:
stop you getting hurt at work
stop you getting ill because of your work.
The Law Says:
All workers have a right to work in places that are safe
Your employer must keep you safe at work, and
You must help too.
The following information will tell you:
What your employer must do to keep you safe at work
What you must do yourself
The health and safety arrangements within the Trust
The benefits and penalties for not managing health and safety well
What to do if there is a problem
“Regulations and procedures intended to prevent accident or injury
in workplaces or public environments”
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Things the Trust must do
By law, these are the things the organisation must do to protect your health, safety and welfare whilst at work.
Assess and control the risks to your health, safety and welfare
Tell you the measures required to protect yourself and who is responsible
Consult with you through your unions, directly as part of
health and safety inspections, articles in the CEO weekly
message, notice boards
Provide information, instruction and training
Provide equipment and protective clothing
Provide welfare facilities - toilets, places to wash and
drinking water
Provide adequate first aid facilities and other emergency
arrangements
Provide health and medical surveillance
Tell the Health and Safety Executive about anyone who is
killed or has a major injury because of work.
Things you must do
The law also places duties on staff members to do the following:
Follow the training you have received and use work equipment appropriately
Take care of your own and others health, safety & welfare
You must not put yourself or anyone at risk of harm
Follow policies, procedures, safe working practices, use
personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Tell someone if you think you or others are at risk at
work • Report accidents and ill health resulting from work • Report concerns in relation to health, safety & welfare
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Health & Safety Arrangements The arrangements (processes and procedures) the Trust must have in place to manage health, safety & welfare are documented in
health & safety guidance and are depicted in the diagram below and explained in the text box. As with all h ealth and safety laws and
guidance, this must be followed to ensure a safe working environment is maintained, people are protected and the penalties for poor
management avoided.
Plan - Say what you do Policies and procedures are documented with clear roles & responsibilities for all staff. The contents set a standard and framework for staff to work to in order to maintain health, safety & welfare. Do - Do what you say Managers and staff implement policies and procedures. Everyone is clear what their responsibilities are. Hazards and risks are identified and controlled. Harm is reduced and a safe working environment maintained.
Check - Prove it We check that the policies and procedures have been implemented and measure performance through inspections, audits and checklists. We investigate accidents, ill health and harm as a result of the workplace, look for trends and identify issues.
Act - Change it Having identified gaps or concerns we make changes to improve health, safety & welfare. We provide support and guidance to staff to ensure they understand, have the knowledge and skills to fulfil their roles. We learn, change and improve.
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Trust Health, safety & welfare Arrangements The arrangements for health and safety management within the Trust are:
Policies
Risk assessment
Arrangements for young workers, new and expectant mothers (these individuals may at
greater risk of harm)
Competent health and safety advice
Accident reporting & investigating
Audits & Inspections
The above help the organisation as a whole, that includes all of us, manage health and
safety collectively and ensure we prevent harm from occurring in the first place. When
things do go wrong we have methods of recording, investigating and making changes to
prevent it from happening again. We also have methods of seeing what is working
effectively and what isn’t through auditing and inspecting.
Competent health, safety & welfare advice
The organisation must employ individuals who will assist them with complying with the law
and to provide expert advice in relation to health, safety & welfare management.
Competent means someone with the necessary skills, expertise, knowledge and
qualifications in order to carry out a task. In terms of health, safety & welfare, there are
numerous pieces of law and documents which the Trust must adhere to, it is therefore
important that we employ competent persons to help with putting them into practice.
The following roles provide competent advice in relation to health, safety & welfare:
Health & Safety Advisor
Fire Advisor
Manual Handling Advisor
Staff Health & Wellbeing
Radiation Protection Advisor
Appointed Persons (through Estates Services Manager)
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Roles & Responsibilities
We all have roles and responsibilities when it
comes to health and safety management within
the Trust. These are clearly defined in Trust
policies which can be found on the
documentation pages of the Trust intranet.
Some individuals have key responsibilities such
as:
Trust Board/Chief Executive who are
accountable for managing health, safety & welfare and ensuring we have robust
management arrangements in place
Director of Corporate Affairs is the Executive Lead for Health, safety & welfare and
champions health and safety at Board Level
Competent persons provide support and guidance to the Trust and staff at all levels in
relation to health, safety & welfare
Departmental/Ward Managers who are responsible for ensuring health and safety
arrangements are implemented within the departments they manage.
This does not remove the responsibility from all of us to be vigilant, check the areas we work in
and the equipment we work with before we start work to ensure they are safe and raise
concerns if they are not.
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Penalties for not managing health, safety & welfare
Increased accidents, injury and harm,
Individual suffering
Litigation claims and payments
Criminal prosecution
Fines and/or prison Enforcement notices
Action can be taken against the organisation and/or any individual within it. Fines start at £20,000 and/or 6 months in prison.
Disciplinary procedrues for Trust staff
Dismissal for significant failings
Adverse publicity and public image Lack of public confidence Poor reputation
Unsafe working environment,
Poor staff recruitment and retention
Low staff morale Risk to staff and patient safety
Reduced or poor performance
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Policies
The policies below are a selection of those you should read and follow (the list is not
exhaustive). The guidance provided in these documents is there to aid you in working
safely. Policies are available on the Trust intranet, through your manager or the Health
& Safety Advisor. The Health & Safety Policy sets out the overall arrangements for
health and safety within the Trust and sets out a standard framework which we must all
work to. You should familiarise yourselves with all policies relevant to your job role.
Health & Safety Policy
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Manual Handling
Display Screen Equipment (DSE)
First Aid
Slips, Trips and Falls
Fire
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR)
Stress Management
Lone Working
Management of Unacceptable Behaviour, Abuse, Harassment and Discrimination
from patients/public
Incident Reporting
Risk Assessment
The law states employers must ensure things (hazards) that could cause harm to individuals as a result of work or the working environment must be assessed and measures taken to control the risk of harm. In other words the Trust must decide what could harm you in your job and take precautions to stop it. Regulation 3 of the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 makes specific the requirement for risk assessments to be undertaken and where there are 5 or more employees these must be documented. A risk assessment is purely a process for identifying things that could harm you and assessing whether enough is being done to control them and prevent the harm from happening or whether more needs to be done and deciding what they should be. The duty to formally assess and document risk assessments within departments lies
with the manager of that area. . However, we should all carry out visual assessments of
the areas we work in to determine if any risks to our safety exist before we commence
work.
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Key words
Hazard – something that has the potential to cause harm or injury, ill health
or death to an individual or could have an impact to the Trust or other party in
meeting their duties (e.g. trailing cables, moving people or loads, insufficient
work space, work demands)
Harm that could be caused (e.g. fracture, death, dermatitis, cancer,
prosecution, fines, prison)
Risk – the harm that could be caused and how likely it is to happen
Controls – measures that can be taken to prevent/reduce the harm and/or
likelihood of harm occurring, where hazards cannot be removed (e.g. removal
of cables or tying them up away from floor, using trolleys, hoists and other
handling equipment, training, personal protective equipment, masks, gloves,
counselling)
Persons affected – a risk assessment must include consideration to all
those individuals who might be affected, staff, patients, visitors, postmen,
delivery drivers etc. and must take into account more vulnerable individuals,
young workers, lone workers, pregnant and nursing mothers.
The risk assessment process within the Trust follows the 5 step approach to risk
assessment which is supported by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as follows:
Identify hazards
Identify how harm could occur, what the harm
could be and to whom
Identify and implement control measures
(precautions)
Documenting findings
Review for effectiveness (at least annually or
when significant change in circumstances
and/or accident occurs)
Staff should be consulted as part of the risk assessment process and their thoughts taken into
consideration. They may know or see something that hasn’t already been identified.
The Trust must ensure that staff know how to control risks to theirs and others safety and must
explain this in a way you understand. Copies of risk assessment documents should be
available for you to view.
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Control Measures When assessing risks, managers must decide whether the precautions already in place are
sufficient and whether more could be done. The risk must be reduced so far as is
reasonably practicable (to the lowest level it can be).
The diagram below depicts the order in which risks to your safety must be managed.
These must be considered in order of priority. The least effective being administrative
controls – i.e. policies, systems of work, guidance and PPE (personal protective
equipment) which should not be the go to position as they are inexpensive to implement
but are also less effective. Financing the necessary precautions should not be a barrier to
managing health and safety risks.
Common workplace hazards in healthcare Healthcare is a very diverse industry to work in. There are some very well -known
hazards and risks which we should all be aware of so we can manage them
responsibly. Potential hazards range from physical, environmental, people and
equipment. They can be task based or as a result of the environment.
The following are commonly found in the healthcare industry.
Physical and verbal abuse – this is not tolerated under any circumstances and must be
reported
Environment/Traffic routes – blind corners, temperature, work space, pathways
Biological, Chemical, substances - gases, blood borne viruses, bodily fluids, cutan,
cytotoxic drugs
Work pressure (stress) – demands of role, lack of control, bullying,
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Movement of people and loads – transporting patients/equipment, assisting patients
Workstations, Display Screen Equipment, Work Environment – laptops, computers,
desk space, temperature, working space
Sharps – needles, scalpels, sharp instruments
Equipment/Electricity – computers, fans, medical devices
Slips, trips and falls – from height (windows/ladders), uneven paths, trailing cables,
inappropriate footwear, not paying attention/using phones whilst walking
The starting point for managing these hazards is risk assessment which will then
determine what precautions are required.
We cannot eliminate all risks, risk is part of everyday life, but we can make sure we have done as much as we can to control what we can.
A few examples of how hazards can be managed
Slips, trips and falls
Slips, trips and falls can have a serious impact on the lives of
employees and those being cared for. They account for around
half of all reported major injuries to employees. Some users of
healthcare services can be particularly vulnerable to falls injuries,
and falls on the same level account for a significant number of
injuries to service users - many of which are preventable.
Many factors can cause slips, trips and falls. These include: methods of cleaning, flooring
type, footwear, levels of lighting, contrast between floors, walls and doors, and obstructions or
other trip hazards. The practical measures you can take will vary in different situations; some
measures will reduce the risk to both workers and non-employees, whereas others may be
more targeted.
Falls can quite literally shatter someone’s life.
HAZARDS RISKS CONTROLS
Spillages
Uneven
surfaces/Changes of
level
Walking whilst texting
(due care and attention)
Cables
Climbing on furniture
Poor housekeeping
Footwear
Windows
fractures
bruises
lacerations
death
Slips Trips and Falls Policy
Risk assessment
Training
Fault reporting
Good housekeeping
Estates Maintenance
Programme
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Manual Handling
Moving and handling is a key part of the working day for most
employees; from moving equipment, laundry, catering, supplies or
waste to assisting patients in moving.
HAZARDS RISKS CONTROLS
Moving and transporting people Moving and transporting loads
back pain and musculoskeletal disorders Fractures Long term incapacitation Discomfort and a lack of dignity for the person being moved
Manual Handling Policy Risk assessment Equipment Training
Sharps
Sharps injuries are a well-known risk in the healthcare sector. Sharps contaminated with an infected patient's blood can transmit more than 20 diseases, including hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of this transmission risk, sharps injuries can cause worry and stress to the many thousands who receive them.
HAZARDS RISKS CONTROLS
Needles Scalpels Sharp instruments
Exposure to BBV Stress Anxiety
Sharps Policy Risk assessment Safety Devices Prophylaxis Immunisation Training
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Display Screen Equipment
Display Screen Equipment (DSE) is a device or equipment that
has an alphanumeric or graphic display screen, regardless of the
display process involved; it includes both conventional display
screens and those used in emerging technologies such as laptops,
touch-screens and other similar devices.
HAZARDS RISKS CONTROLS
Computers
Tablets
Lap tops
Touch screen devices
Mobile phones
CCTV
Pain – neck, back, arm,
shoulders
Eye strain
Dry eyes
Fatigue
Work related upper limb
disorders
Repetitive strain injury
DSE Policy
Risk assessment (self)
Adjustable chairs and other
equipment
Regular breaks
Stretching exercises
Eye tests/vouchers
These are just a few basic examples of every day hazards and risks you may be come
across whilst carrying out your work with examples of how they are managed. There may
be more which your manager will be able to advise you on further.
Reporting accidents
This is to ensure when things do or could have gone wrong;
there is an accident or someone becomes ill at or because
of their work we have a method of recording the incident which then allows us to:
Investigate - see if there is anything more that needs to be done to prevent it from
happening again and ensure that the individual involved has the appropriate
support.
Learn – identify trends, is this happening repeatedly? Why did it happen and what
can we do to stop it happening?
Changing and improving – putting in place extra measures where we can, sharing
the outcomes with other staff and departments, it might be happening elsewhere.
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We all have a duty to report any workplace accident or ill health. This is also
documented in health and safety laws – The Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations
1981; Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 2013
and Social Security (Claims & Payments) Regulations 1979.
Reporting relates to all staff and includes accident and ill health involving patients, visitors, contractors and other third parties. Some accidents and injuries must be reported to the Health & Safety Execut ive, the
Health & Safety Advisor ensures this happens when notified and there are legal
timeframes for doing so. It is therefore really important that accidents and ill health is
recorded.
The completed form can be called for in the event of a litigation claim or further
investigation and provides valuable evidence for you and/or the Trust. If it isn’t written
down it never happened and we also lose a valuable opportunity to investigate and take
action.
The organisation uses a web based programme called DATIX to capture them. DATIX can
be accessed via your computer desktop or the ‘staff tools’ section of the intranet.
What should you report?
Ill health sustained as a result of work or the workplace
Injuries sustained as a result of a work or workplace accident such as falls, sharps
injuries, back injuries
Exposure to hazardous substances or environmental issues such as body fluid
splashes, cleaning chemicals, temperature control, security breaches
Violence, abuse, sexual abuse, inappropriate behaviours, verbal abuse
Any incident requiring first aid assistance
If you witness or are involved in accidents relating to members of the public,
patients, contractors, other visitors
Patient safety incidents such as falls, pressure ulcers, medication errors – anything
that could have or did lead to harm.
Near misses should also be reported i.e. an incident that nearly occurred but was
identified and prevented prior to it happening.
What do I need to do?
Report to your manager immediately
Complete a DATIX incident report or if you can’t ask someone to do it for you
The incident will be investigated and your manager can feedback the outcome to
you
The investigation will determine if there is any action needed to prevent it from
happening again
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Audits & Inspections
As part of our checking processes for ensuring we are meeting our legal duties, following
Trust procedures and ensuring they are effectively implemented; audits, inspections and
quarterly checks are made of each department and we regularly test our policies and
procedures to see if they are
Known about
Implemented
Understood
Being followed
This helps identify gaps and allows for improvements to be made. Where health and safety
arrangements are not implemented and established there is a greater opportunity of harm
occurring.
If there is health and safety problem what should I
do?
Speak up if you think there is a problem. Ignoring it could mean putting someone at risk of
being hurt or worse, killed.
If you think there is a problem with health and safety work, it is important that you do
something about it.
You could:
1. Talk to your manager or contact the Health & Safety Advisor or Union Health and Safety
Representative.
2. Look at the HSE website which gives more information about health and safety at work
www.hse.gov.uk
The HSE (Health & Safety Executive) are the enforcing authority for health and safety laws in Great Britain. They monitor accidents, incidents and take enforcement action where breaches in health and safety laws are identified.
3. To find out more about your health and safety rights and what your employer needs to
do, go to our workers right webpages www.hse.gov.uk/workers/responsibilities.htm.
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And finally…..
Good Health and Safety takes the coordination and cooperation of everyone
within the workplace. We all have responsibilities to ensure us, our colleagues,
visitors, patients and other individuals are safe.
You must follow the policies and procedures that have been put in place to
protect you and others and if you think something is unsafe you must speak up.
You may prevent someone from being hurt.
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Useful contacts: Marion Carnell Health & Safety Advisor
Ext 85097
Chris Oakes Manual Handling Advisor
Ext 85279
Rob Alcock Fire Advisor
Ext 86086
Paul Ewers Risk and Systems Manager (DATIX queries and training)
Ext 85099
Debbie Bowkett
Risk and Safety Coordinator
Ext 85103
Tina Worth
Head of Risk and Clinical Governance
Ext 85100
Staff Health & Wellbeing Ext 85255
Trade Union Representatives
Trust Intranet ‘working at mkh – Trade Unions’
Trust Health & Safety Policies
Trust Intranet ‘staff tools – documentation’ Or contact your manager or the Health & Safety Advisor
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Assessment Paper - Health, Safety & Welfare
(Please select only one answer for each question unless otherwise stated)
Questions
1. Why is the Trust committed to managing health, safety & welfare? (please tick all that apply)
□ Prevent accidents, injury, ill health, death
□ It improves the safety of the organisation
□ The Chief Executive said so
□ There is a legal and moral duty to do so
2. Name 2 of the Trust arrangements for managing health, safety & welfare?
i. ______________________________________________ ii. ______________________________________________
3. How does the organisation consult with employees?
□ Via email
□ Through Union representatives
□ It doesn’t have to
□ Notice boards
4. Where do you find the organisations health and safety policy(s)?
□ Printed off and in folders in departments
□ Pinned to notice boards
□ In the CEO weekly message
□ Documentation pages of Trust Intranet
5. Who is responsible for implementing policies?
□ No one, they are unnecessary
□ The Chief Executive
□ Patients
□ We all have a responsibility
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6. Why must you follow policies, procedures, guidelines and use safety equipment?
(please tick all that apply)
□ Protect yourself and others
□ Prevent accidents, injuries, ill health and death
□ Avoid legal action
□ Avoid disciplinary action
7. What is the meaning of the word hazard?
□ Getting hurt
□ An obstruction
□ Something that has the potential to cause harm
□ A legal term
8. Identify 2 workplace hazards (list below)
i. ______________________________________________ ii. ______________________________________________
9. How many infectious diseases can a contaminated needle contain?
______________________________________________
10. What is a risk assessment?
______________________________________________
11. Name the hierarchy used to determine risk controls?
______________________________________________
12. What is the first step of the hierarchy?
□ PPE
□ Administrative controls
□ Elimination
□ Substitute
13. Name 1 method of controlling a slip, trip and fall hazard?
______________________________________________
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14. How could you apply and promote safe working practices in your job role? (please tick all that apply)
□ Ignoring the rules
□ Report health and safety concerns
□ Follow policies and procedures
□ Use any safety equipment provided
15. How do you report accidents, incidents, near misses, ill health?
□ IR1
□ Datix
□ Don’t need to worry
□ Get someone else to do it
16. Who do you raise health and safety concerns to?
□ Manager
□ Health & Safety Advisor
□ Risk & Systems Manager
□ Work colleague
17. Health and safety laws are legally binding and carry heavy penalties for non-
compliance?
□ True
□ False
18. Who enforces health and safety laws?
□ Chief Executive
□ Health & Safety Advisor
□ Health & Safety Executive
□ Police
19. What is our collective goal when managing health, safety & welfare?
______________________________________________
20. We all have a responsibility to look after ourselves, our colleagues, patients and others
□ True
□ False
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Name (print): Office Use
Signature: Results
Job Title:
Ward/Department: Pass
Date Completed: Fail
Please return the assessment paper only to: Health & Safety Advisor, Risk & Clinical Governance, Level 2 Oak House
In order to pass you must answer 80% of the questions correctly