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Gladtg Uljfrm3 Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls

Jrfm Jamodols \RA Monfroty Gladtg Onotoatovls

May 5;1;

I

lspotl tglor dl`ad ro`gt tf gladtg barl, Amlroban

Onioans ani Adasha Natovls jabl iorl gladtg

bfniotofns. Abbfrion` tf rlblnt iata, nlardy 2;

plrblnt fj Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls arl wotgfut

gladtg bfvlra`l. Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls

arl adsf iosprfpfrtofnatldy ajjlbtli ey a gfst fj bgrfnob

bfniotofns, subg as ioaeltls, strfhl, ani glart ioslasl.

Yglsl iosparotols arl lvoilnbl fj tgl ompfrtanbl fj tgl

nlw gladtg rljfrm daw, wgobg aiirlssls many fj tgl unoqul

nllis fj tgos pfpudatofn.

Ygl fn`fon` ileatl aefut wgltglr gladtg barl os a ro`gt fr a

provodl`l ifls nft appdy tf Onioan Bfuntry. Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adasha Natovls arl tgl fndy botozlns fj tgl \notli Rtatls wgf arl

efrn wotg a dl`ad ro`gt tf gladtg barl. Ygl jlilrad fedo`atofn tf prfvoil

gladtg slrvobls tf mlmelrs fj jlilraddy rlbf`nozli troels was ilvldfpli

jrfm a splboad rldatofnsgop eltwlln tgl jlilrad `fvlrnmlnt ani Onioan

troels tgat was lstaedosgli on 1070.1 On lxbgan`l jfr dani ani rlsfurbls,

tgl jlilrad `fvlrnmlnt mail an a`rllmlnt wotg Amlroban Onioans tf

prfvoil quadoty liubatofn ani gladtg barl tf Onioan plfpdl ani troels.5 

Ygos rldatofnsgop, fjtln rljlrrli tf as tgl jlilrad trust rlspfnsoeodoty, gas

elln iljonli on tgl \.R. Bfnstotutofn, trlatols, statutls, ani on Ruprlml

Bfurt ilbosofns.

Yf judjodd tgl jlilrad fedo`atofn, tgl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl (OGR) was

lstaedosgli wotgon tgl Ilpartmlnt fj Gladtg ani Guman Rlrvobls

(GGR) on 1?<<. OGR os rlspfnsoedl jfr prfvoion` budturaddy apprfproatl

ani plrsfnad ani puedob gladtg slrvobls tf Amlroban Onioan ani Adasha

Natovl plfpdl. Adsf as part fj troels‟ splboad rldatofnsgop wotg tgl \.R.

 [gftf Bfurtlsy fj tgl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl/\.R.

 Ilpartmlnt fj Gladtg ani Guman Rlrvobls.

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5  Gladtg Uljfrm

`fvlrnmlnt, tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt (OGBOA) was lnabtli on 1?0: tf lnsurl tgat

 Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls rlblovli tgl gladtg barl slrvobls tgly nllili ani tf ldlvatl

tglor gladtg status tf paroty wotg ftglr ltgnob `rfups on tgl \notli Rtatls. (Jfr mfrl onjfrmatofn

aefut tgl dl`osdatofn dlaion` up tf tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt, rlai —Dl`osdatovl

Gostfry” eldfw.)

Ilspotl tglsl ljjfrts, OGR gas gostfrobaddy elln unilrjunili ani gas nft elln aedl tf hllp up

 wotg tgl gladtg nllis fj Onioan Bfuntry. On aiiotofn, tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt

lxporli on 5;;5. Ygl passa`l fj natofnad gladtg rljfrm `ovls Onioan Bfuntry tgl fppfrtunoty tf

aiirlss iosparotols ey lxpanion` bfvlra`l ani omprfvon` abblss tgrfu`g erfailr gladtg rljfrms

ani tgrfu`g tgl rlautgfrozatofn fj tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt (OGBOA).

Dl`osdatovl Gostfry 

On 1?51, Bfn`rlss lnabtli tgl Rnyilr Abt, tgl pronbopad polbl fj

dl`osdatofn autgfrozon` jlilrad junis jfr gladtg slrvobls tf rlbf`nozli

Onioan troels.2 On 1?0<, [rlsoilnt Jfri so`nli ontf daw tgl Onioan Rldj-

Iltlrmonatofn ani Liubatofn Assostanbl Abt (ORILAA), wgobg rlbf`nozli

tgl so`nojobanbl fj tgl `fvlrnmlnt-tf-`fvlrnmlnt rldatofnsgop eltwlln

tgl \notli Rtatls ani Onioan troels. Ygos dl`osdatofn `avl Onioan troels

tgl fptofn fj assumon` tgl aimonostratofn ani fplratofn fj gladtg barlslrvobls ani prf`rams jrfm tgl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl (OGR) ani addfwli

tgl troels tf ilso`n prf`rams tf jot tgl nllis fj tglor bfmmunotols.9 Ygln,

on 1?0:, Bfn`rlss passli tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt (OGBOA)

tf lnbfura`l troels tf partobopatl on tgl pdannon` ani mana`lmlnt fj

gladtg slrvobls jfr tglor mlmelrs ani tf lnsurl tgat Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adasha Natovls rlblovli tgl quadoty ani quantoty fj gladtg barl slrvobls

nlblssary tf omprfvl tglor gladtg status.< 

On frilr tf rlblovl slrvobls jrfm OGR fr tf elnljot jrfm tgl prfvosofns

on tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt, a troel must el jlilraddyrlbf`nozli. A troel os illmli jlilraddy rlbf`nozli oj tgl \notli Rtatls

`fvlrnmlnt abhnfwdli`ls ots status as a `fvlrnmlnt.: Mlmelrs fj troels

arl rlbf`nozli as botozlns fj tglor troels, tgl statl on wgobg tgly rlsoil,

ani tgl \notli Rtatls.

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Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls 2

Gladtg UljfrmYgl [atolnt [rftlbtofn ani Ajjfriaedl Barl Abt,

so`nli ontf daw fn Marbg 52, 5;1;, gas mailsfml so`nojobant stlps tfwari maontaonon` ani

omprfvon` prf`rams tgat suppfrt tgl gladtg

fj tgl Amlroban Onioan ani Adasha Natovl

pfpudatofn. Ygl rlautgfrozatofn fj tgl Onioan

Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt, tgl lxpansofn

fj Mliobaoi, ani slvlrad ftglr prfvosofns

sgfw tgl jlilrad `fvlrnmlnt‟s rlnlwli

bfmmotmlnt tf Onioan gladtg.

Ulautgfrozatofn fj tgl Onioan GladtgBarl Omprfvlmlnt Abt

Ygl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt

 was lnabtli on 1?0: tf lnsurl tgat Amlroban

Onioans ani Adasha Natovls rlblovli tgl

gladtg barl slrvobls tgly nllili. Gfwlvlr,

untod gladtg rljfrm passli, ot gai nft elln

bfmprlglnsovldy upiatli sonbl 1??5.0 On jabt,

abbfrion` tf a bfnblpt paplr tgat tgl bgaorman

fj tgl Rlnatl Onioan Ajjaors Bfmmottll,

Rlnatfr Eyrfn Ifr`an, slnt tf troead dlailrs

rl`arion` gladtg barl, —Plrl ot nft jfr tgl

Rnyilr Abt fj 1?51, tgl OGR wfudi nft gavl

elln autgfrozli tf rlblovl apprfproatli

rlsfurbls tf prfvoil gladtg barl slrvobls tf

 Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls ajtlr tgl

lxporatofn fj tgl OGBOA on 5;;5.”7 

OGR prfvoils mfrl tgan gadj fj tgl Amlroban

Onioan ani Adasha Natovl pfpudatofn wotg

gladtg barl slrvobls.? Ilspotl tgos pfpudatofn‟silplnilnbl fn tgos Onioan gladtg barl ildovlry

systlm, OGR os bgrfnobaddy unilrjunili ani

dabhs tgl autgfroty tf gavl junion` apprfproatli

jfr gladtg barl up`rails ani omprfvlmlnts.

Jfr wldd fvlr a ilbail, aivfbatls gavl

ashli Bfn`rlss tf aiirlss tglsl ossuls ey

Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl (OGR)

OGR, wgobg prfvoils tgl macfroty fjgladtg slrvobls tf tgl Amlroban Onioan

ani Adasha Natovl bfmmunoty, os nft a

jfrm fj gladtg onsuranbl. OGR mana`ls

a unoqul gladtg slrvobl ildovlry systlm

jfr apprfxomatldy 1.? moddofn Amlroban

Onioans ani Adasha Natovls wgf eldfn`

tf <:9 jlilraddy rlbf`nozli troels on

2< statls.1; Gladtg barl slrvobls arl

prfvoili tgrfu`g OGR prf`rams, troead

prf`rams, ani urean Onioan prf`rams. A smadd numelr fj Amlroban Onioans

ani Adasha Natovls dovon` on urean arlas

rlblovl gladtg barl slrvobls jrfm urean

Onioan gladtg prf`rams. Burrlntdy, tglrl

arl 29 urean Onioan gladtg prf`rams

tgat prfvoil slrvobls tf apprfxomatldy

:;;,;;; Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha

Natovls dovon` on botols.11 

Ygrfu`g tgl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl (OGR),Onioan troels ban bgffsl tf rlblovl

gladtg barl on fnl fj tgrll ways3

ey rlblovon` iorlbt barl jrfm OGR,1.

ey bfntrabton` wotg OGR tf bfntrfd5.

tgl aimonostratofn ani junion` fj

oniovoiuad prf`rams ani slrvobls

tgat tgl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl

 wfudi nfrmaddy run (hnfwn as sldj-

iltlrmonatofn bfntrabts), fr

ey so`non` a bfmpabt wotg OGR tf2.

ilso`n ani fvlrsll gladtg barl

prf`rams tgat OGR wfudi nfrmaddy

mana`l (hnfwn as sldj-`fvlrnanbl

bfmpabts).15

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9  Gladtg Uljfrm

rlautgfrozon` ani amlnion` tgl Onioan Gladtg

Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt.

Jfrtunatldy, tgl gladtg rljfrm daw onbduilia rlautgfrozatofn fj tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl

Omprfvlmlnt Abt. Ygos was quotl so`nojobant

jfr Onioan Bfuntry elbausl tgl Abt os nfw

plrmanlntdy rlautgfrozli, ilmfnstraton` tgl

jlilrad `fvlrnmlnt‟s bfmmotmlnt tf gfnfron`

ots trust rlspfnsoeodoty tf Onioan troels.

On aiiotofn tf lxpanion` tgl autgfrotols fj

tgl OGR Iorlbtfr tf onbduil aivfbaby ani

bfnsudtatofn fn mattlrs rldaton` tf Onioangladtg wotgon tgl Ilpartmlnt fj Gladtg ani

Guman Rlrvobls (GGR), eldfw arl a jlw hly

arlas tgat tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt

 Abt (—tgl Abt”) aiirlssls312

Mliobarl, Mliobaoi, ani BGO[

Burrlnt Ossul3 Ilspotl iosprfpfrtofnatldy

go`g ratls fj pfvlrty, Amlroban Onioans

ani Adasha Natovls arl unilr-lnrfddli on

puedob prf`rams dohl Mliobaoi, partobudardy

fn rlslrvatofns. Jfr many, ot os iojjobudt tf

fetaon tglsl slrvobls elbausl mfst troead

bfmmunotols arl on rurad fr rlmftl arlas.

Jurtglr, iul tf gfw tgl burrlnt paymlnt

strubturl os slt up, prfvoilrs on Onioan

Bfuntry may nft el ailquatldy rlomeursli

jfr tgl slrvobls tgly prfvoil.

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl

rlautgfrozatofn upiatls tgl burrlnt

autgfroty jfr OGR tf ossul `rants fr

bfntrabts tf troels, troead fr`anozatofns,

ani urean Onioan fr`anozatofns sf tgat

tgly ban bfniubt futrlabg tf lnrfdd

ldo`oedl Onioans on Mliobarl, Mliobaoi, ani

BGO[. On aiiotofn, tglrl os a rlquorlmlnt

jfr tgl Blntlrs jfr Mliobarl ani

Mliobaoi Rlrvobls (BMR) tf suemot an

annuad rlpfrt tf Bfn`rlss rl`arion` tgl

lnrfddmlnt ani gladtg status fj Onioans

rlblovon` slrvobls. Ygl Abt adsf upiatls

tgl burrlnt daw rl`arion` bfddlbtofn fj

rlomeurslmlnts jrfm Mliobarl, Mliobaoi,

ani BGO[ ey Onioan gladtg jabodotols ani

rlvosls tgl prfbliurls tgat addfw troeaddy-

fplratli prf`rams tf iorlbtdy bfddlbt subg

rlomeurslmlnts jfr tgl slrvobls tgat tgly

prfvoil.

Gladtg Barl [rfvoilr Rgfrta`l

Burrlnt Ossul3 Mfst Onioan gladtg barl

jabodotols arl dfbatli on osfdatli rurad arlas

fn fr nlar rlslrvatofns. As a rlsudt, many

Onioan gladtg prf`rams gavl gostfrobaddy

lxplrolnbli iojjobudty rlbruoton` ani

rltaonon` stajj. Abbfrion` tf tgl datlst iata,

 vabanby ratls arl 5: plrblnt jfr nursls,

59 plrblnt jfr ilntad prfjlssofnads, 51

plrblnt jfr pgysoboans, ani 11 plrblnt jfr

pgarmabosts.19

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl Abt

strln`tglns sbgfdarsgop ani dfan prf`rams

tf attrabt gladtg prfjlssofnads tf, ani tf

rltaon tglm at, OGR jabodotols ani troead

sotls. Ot adsf strln`tglns sbgfdarsgop

prf`rams tf rlbruot Amlroban Onioan

stuilnts ontf psybgfdf`y ani elgavofrad

gladtg prfjlssofns, ani ot lstaedosgls aBfmmunoty Gladtg Ulprlslntatovl prf`ram

jfr urean Onioan fr`anozatofns tf traon ani

lmpdfy oniovoiuads tf prfvoil gladtg barl

slrvobls.

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Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls <

Jabodotols ani Ranotatofn

Burrlnt Ossul3 OGR gladtg barl jabodotols

arl, fn avlra`l, mfrl tgan 2; ylars fdi.Mliobad lquopmlnt, wgobg gas an avlra`l

dojl span fj sox ylars, os `lnlraddy usli jfr

twobl as dfn` on Onioan Bfuntry. On aiiotofn,

many fj tglsl gladtg barl jabodotols arl

fvlrbrfwili’tglrl osn‟t lnfu`g spabl

tf abbfmmfiatl tgl aiiotofnad stajj fr

slrvobls tgat arl ilsplratldy nllili.1< 

Pgln OGR ifls nft gavl tgl rlsfurbls tf

aiirlss fplratofn ani maontlnanbl nllis,

tgly arl aiili tf tgl maontlnanbl eabhdf`

labg ylar. Ygl OGR ani troead eabhdf` os

burrlntdy lstomatli tf el $90: moddofn.1: 

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl Abt

addfws OGR ani troead gladtg jabodotols tf

bfml up wotg onnfvatovl ways tf aiirlss

iljobolnbols on glatg barl jabodotols,

sanotatofn systlms, ani bfnstrubtofn

eabhdf`s. Ot adsf autgfrozls tgl

ilvldfpmlnt fj nlw gladtg prf`ramstgat prfvoil barl on adtlrnatovl sltton`s fr

futsoil fj rl`udar bdonob fplraton` gfurs.

Ldilr ani Dfn`-Ylrm Barl

Burrlnt Ossul3 Abrfss Onioan Bfuntry, tglrl

arl jlwlr tgan 5< assostli dovon` jabodotols

jfr tgl ldilrdy fr plfpdl wotg iosaeodotols.

Ygl dabh fj jabodoty spabl ani autgfroty tf

prfvoil tgos typl fj barl mlans tgat mfst

ldilrdy Onioans fr Onioans wotg iosaeodotolsmust travld fjj tglor rlslrvatofn tf `lt

nllili barl.

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl Abt

plrmots OGR ani troead jabodotols tf brlatl

ldilr barl prf`rams tgat jfbus fn

elgavofrad gladtg. Ot adsf addfws gfspobl,

assostli dovon`, dfn`-tlrm barl, ani gfml-

ani bfmmunoty-easli slrvobls tf el

lstaedosgli.

Banblr Rbrllnon`

Burrlnt Ossul3 Burrlntdy, OGR ani troead

jabodotols dabh tgl autgfroty tf prfvoil

banblr sbrllnon`s, lxblpt mammf`rams.

Datl iltlbtofn ani trlatmlnt fj banblr

bfntroeutl tf dfwlr survovad ratls jfr tgos

pfpudatofn.

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl Abtlxpanis OGR ani troead jabodotols‟ bapaboty

tf prfvoil prlvlntovl slrvobls, subg as

ftglr banblr sbrllnon`s on aiiotofn tf

mammf`rams.

Ioaeltls

Burrlnt Ossul3 Abbfrion` tf tgl datlst iata,

 Amlroban Onioan ani Adasha Natovl aiudts

arl nlardy tgrll tomls mfrl dohldy tgan

nfn-Gospanob wgotls tf el ioa`nfsli wotgioaeltls ani admfst twobl as dohldy tf iol

jrfm ot.10 

Gfw tgl Abt Aiirlssls Ygos3 Ygl Abt

rlautgfrozls lxoston` ioaeltls sbrllnon`

ani prlvlntofn prf`rams ani plrmots

junion` fj ioadysos prf`rams.

Bfvlra`l Lxpansofn

Gavon` gladtg onsuranbl gas elln sgfwn tf

onbrlasl an oniovoiuad‟s abblss tf gladtg barl

ani tf omprfvl gladtg futbfmls. Ilspotl

tgl \.R. `fvlrnmlnt‟s rlspfnsoeodoty tf

prfvoil gladtg barl tf Amlroban Onioans

ani Adasha Natovls, tgos pfpudatofn rlmaons

iosprfpfrtofnatldy unonsurli fr rldols sfdldy

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:  Gladtg Uljfrm

fn tgl iorlbt slrvobls prfvoili ey OGR. On

5;;7, nlardy fnl on tgrll nfnldilrdy Amlroban

Onioans fr Adasha Natovls was unonsurli.17 As

a rlsudt, Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls

arl dlss dohldy tf gavl a rl`udar prfvoilr ani

mfrl dohldy sujjlr jrfm wfrsl gladtg ani tf iol

prlmaturldy.

Ygl gladtg rljfrm daw os brotobad tf bdfson`

tgos bfvlra`l `ap ani os lsplboaddy ompfrtant

jfr dfw-onbfml oniovoiuads. Jfr moddofns fj

 Amlrobans, partobudardy jfr tgfsl dovon` on

pfvlrty, gladtg onsuranbl os cust tff bfstdy. On

5;;7, mfrl tgan a quartlr fj tgl AmlrobanOnioan ani Adasha Natovl pfpudatofn dovli at

fr eldfw tgl jlilrad pfvlrty dlvld ($10,:;;

jfr jamody fj tgrll on 5;;7)’mfrl tgan any

ftglr raboad fr ltgnob `rfup. Ygl mfst rlblnt

lstomatls sgfw tgat admfst gadj (99 plrblnt)

fj Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls wgf

 wlrl unonsurli fr gai fndy OGR bfvlra`l dovli

on jamodols wotg onbfmls eldfw tgl jlilrad

pfvlrty dlvld.1? Jfr many fj tglsl oniovoiuads,

puedob gladtg bfvlra`l prf`rams arl an

ompfrtant sajlty nlt.

 Adtgfu`g OGR prfvoils Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adasha Natovls wotg gladtg barl slrvobls, tgat

barl gas ots domotatofns. Jorst, tgl macfroty

fj OGR jabodotols arl dfbatli fn rlslrvatofns,

 wgobg ban el a bgaddln`l jfr tgfsl dovon`

fjj rlslrvatofns. Rlbfnidy, oniovoiuads wgf

rlblovl barl jrfm OGR jabodotols arl domotli tf

tgl slrvobls prfvoili tglrl fr prfvoilrs wgfbfntrabt wotg OGR. Dastdy, OGR unilrjunion`

gas mail ot iojjobudt tf up`rail jabodotols wotg

nlw tlbgnfdf`ols ani tf lxpani slrvobls. As

a rlsudt, fjtlntomls, fndy easob gladtg barl

slrvobls arl avaodaedl, ani wgln avaodaedl,

abblss may el domotli iul tf ilmani fr tf tgl

rlmftl dfbatofn fj tgl jabodoty.5; 

[uedob gladtg bfvlra`l prf`rams, subg asMliobaoi, gavl elln a hly sfurbl fj bfvlra`l

jfr tgl Amlroban Onioan ani Adasha Natovl

pfpudatofn. Jfr lxampdl, on 5;;7, Mliobaoi

ani/fr BGO[ bfvlrli admfst a quartlr fj

 Amlroban Onioan ani Adasha Natovl aiudts ani

nlardy 9< plrblnt fj bgodirln.51 Ygl prf`ram

fjjlrs bfmprlglnsovl gladtg barl elnljots ani

sfml slrvobls nft typobaddy bfvlrli ey provatl

onsurlrs, subg as transpfrtatofn ani dan`ua`l

assostanbl slrvobls.

Gfwlvlr, bfntrary tf pfpudar plrblptofn, tgl

Mliobaoi prf`ram gas nft elln avaodaedl tf

add dfw-onbfml plfpdl. On jabt, on 92 statls,

aiudts wotgfut ilplnilnt bgodirln bannft

lnrfdd on Mliobaoi, lvln oj tgly arl plnnodlss.

Ygos dlavls moddofns fj dfw-onbfml aiudts wotg

nf fptofns jfr ajjfriaedl gladtg bfvlra`l,

onbduion` many Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha

Natovls. Gladtg rljfrm strln`tglns tglslpuedob bfvlra`l prf`rams ani mahls bfvlra`l

avaodaedl tf tgfsl wgf nlli ot.

Ygl gladtg rljfrm daw lxpanis Mliobaoi

ldo`oeodoty dlvlds tf 122 plrblnt fj tgl jlilrad

pfvlrty dlvld ($19,9;9 jfr a son`dl aiudt ani

$59,2<5 jfr a jamody fj tgrll on 5;;?) ani

onbduils bgodidlss aiudts. Yglsl bfvlra`l

lxpansofns wodd fjjlr Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adasha Natovls abblss tf tgl gladtg slrvoblstgat arl avaodaedl tf tgfsl wotg gladtg

onsuranbl. Ygly wodd adsf gldp tf rliubl

iosparotols on bfvlra`l ani omprfvl tgl fvlradd

gladtg fj Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls,

mfvon` us bdfslr tf tgl udtomatl `fad fj gladtg

lquoty.

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Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls 0

Junion` jfr [rlvlntofn ani Plddnlss

Ygl gladtg rljfrm daw bfntaons a so`nojobant

amfunt fj `rant junion` jfr prlvlntofnani wlddnlss prf`rams. Ygl nlw daw

bfnsoilrs troead fr`anozatofns, urean Onioan

fr`anozatofns, ani Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adasha Natovls tf el ldo`oedl jfr tglsl `rants.

Ygl gladtg rljfrm daw onbduils junion` jfr

matlrnad ani bgodi gladtg slrvobls, subg as

lardy bgodigffi gfml vosotatofn prf`rams, as

 wldd as `rants jfr trauma blntlrs, sbgffd-easli

gladtg bdonobs, ani an onjant mfrtadoty podft

prf`ram. On aiiotofn, tglrl os `rant junion`

jfr tgl omprfvlmlnt fj rl`ofnadozli systlms

fj lmlr`lnby barl rlspfnsl, tgl lstaedosgmlnt

fj bfmmunoty gladtg tlams tf suppfrt tgl

patolnt-blntlrli mliobad gfml, ani frad

gladtg barl prlvlntofn abtovotols.

Ftglr [rfvosofns

Many Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls

rlblovl gladtg barl slrvobls tgat arl assfboatli

 wotg gladtg bfvlra`l tgrfu`g OGR, wgobg os nft

a jfrm fj gladtg onsuranbl. Gfwlvlr, gladtg

rljfrm rlbf`nozls tgl lxoston` fedo`atofn fj

tgl jlilrad `fvlrnmlnt tf prfvoil gladtg barl

tf Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls. Iul tf

tgl unoqul rldatofnsgop tgat Amlroban Onioans

ani Adasha Natovls gavl wotg tgl `fvlrnmlnt,

gladtg rljfrm wodd nft rlquorl Amlroban

Onioans ani Adasha Natovls tf purbgasl gladtg

onsuranbl.Gladtg rljfrm ldomonatls tgl bfst-sgaron` jfr

onsuranbl pdans fjjlrli tgrfu`g nlw gladtg

onsuranbl marhltpdabls, fr lxbgan`ls, jfr any

 Amlroban Onioan fr Adasha Natovl oniovoiuad

 wgf mahls dlss tgan $25,9?; a ylar, ani

lstaedosgls splboad mfntgdy lnrfddmlnt plrofis

jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls. Ot adsf

rlbf`nozls Onioan troels, troead fr`anozatofns,

ani urean Onioan fr`anozatofns as lntotols

tgat ban lnrfdd Onioans on Mliobaoi, Mliobarl,

ani BGO[ uson` prlsumptovl ldo`oeodoty, wgobg

 wodd lmpfwlr Onioan gladtg prfvoilrs ani

fr`anozatofns tf `ovl tlmpfrary onsuranbl

baris ani bfvlra`l tf Amlroban Onioans ani

 Adashan Natovls.

\nilr tgl nlw daw, OGR, troels, ani troead ani

urean Onioan fr`anozatofns arl bfnsoilrli tgl

paylr fj dast rlsfrt jfr slrvobls prfvoili tfOnioans. Uljfrm adsf ldomonatls tgl sunslt jfr

rlomeurslmlnt jfr add Mliobarl [art E slrvobls

jurnosgli ey blrtaon Onioan gfspotads ani

bdonobs.

Bfnbdusofn

 Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls jabl

many earrolrs tf fetaonon` quadoty gladtg

barl. Ygl passa`l fj gladtg rljfrm ani tglrlautgfrozatofn fj tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl

Omprfvlmlnt Abt gldp tf aiirlss tgl gladtg

iosparotols tgat arl prlvadlnt on Onioan Bfuntry.

Ygl bfvlra`l lxpansofns on tgl gladtg rljfrm

daw wodd lnsurl tgat mfrl Amlroban Onioans

ani Adasha Natovls ban `lt tgl barl tgly nlli.

Ygl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt wodd

gldp tf omprfvl tgl sgfrta`l fj gladtg barl

prfvoilrs, maontaon OGR jabodotols, ani brlatl

prf`rams tf lnganbl tgl gladtg fj tgl Onioanplfpdl. Gladtg rljfrm lnaedls tgl \notli

Rtatls tf el`on tf elttlr judjodd ots rlspfnsoeodoty

tf prfvoil quadoty gladtg barl slrvobls ani

rlsfurbls tf Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha

Natovls.

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7  Gladtg Uljfrm

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Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls ?

Lninftls1 Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl Ontrfiubtofn (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.ogs.`fv/ 

[uedobOnjf/[uedobAjjaors/PldbfmlVOnjf/OGRontrf.asp.5 Natofnad Bfn`rlss fj Amlroban Onioans, An Ontrfiubtofn tf Onioan Natofns on tgl \notli Rtatls (Pasgon`tfn3 Natofnad Bfn`rlss fj Amlroban Onioans, 5;;9), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.nbao.fr`/jodlaimon/onotoatovls/NBAOVOnioanVNatofnsVOnVYglV\R.pij.2 Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Ygl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt  (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3// onjf.ogs.`fv/GdtgOmprvAbt.asp.

9 Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Yroead Rldj- @fvlrnanbl (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.`fv/ YredRdj@fv.asp.< Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Ygl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt , fp. bot.: Natofnad Bfn`rlss fj Amlroban Onioans, fp. bot.

0 Rlnatfr Eyrfn D. Ifr`an, Uljfrmon` tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Rystlm (Pasgon`tfn3 \notli Rtatls Rlnatl Bfmmottll fn Onioan Ajjaors, Cudy :, 5;;?), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.onioan.slnatl.`fv/puedob/Vjodls/OnioanGladtgBfnblpt[aplr5;;?.pij.7 Oeoi.? Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Onioan Gladtg Iosparotols (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.

`fv/Iosparotols.asp.1; Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl3 A Quobh Dffh (Ufbhvoddl3 Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, Cunl 5;;7), avaodaedlfndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.`fv/QuobhDffh.asp.11 \.R. Ilpartmlnt fj Guman ani Gladtg Rlrvobls, Fjjobl fj Monfroty Gladtg,  Amlroban Onioan/Adashan Natovl [rfjodl (Ufbhvoddl3 Fjjoblfj Monfroty Gladtg, Fbtfelr 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//monfrotygladtg.ggs.`fv/tlmpdatls/erfwsl.aspx6dvd=5&dvdOI=<58 YglOnioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 \rean Onioan Gladtg [rf`ram (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.`fv/\renOnis.asp.15 Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Yroead Rldj- @fvlrnanbl, fp. bot.12 Clnnojlr Bffplr, [rldomonary Rummary fj tgl [atolnt [rftlbtofn ani Ajjfriaedl Barl Abt ani tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt

 Abt  (Pasgon`tfn3 Ygl Natofnad Onioan Gladtg Efari, Marbg 5:, 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.noge.fr`/ifbs/;25?5;1;/ Rummary%5;fj%5;OGBOA%5;ani%5;[[ABAVMarbg%5;5:%5;5;1;.pij8 Clnnojlr Bffplr, Gfw tgl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Abt

 Aiirlssls Gladtg Ossuls on Onioan Bfuntry (Pasgon`tfn3 Ygl Natofnad Onioan Gladtg Efari, Cudy 5;;?), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.noge.fr`/ifbs/1;;15;;?/OGBOA%5;Gladtg%5;Iosparotols%5;Fnl%5;[a`lrVCudy%5;5;;?.pij8 Ygl \notli Rtatls Rlnatl Bfmmottll fnOnioan Ajjaors, Ygl Onioan Gladtg Barl Omprfvlmlnt Ulautgfrozatofn ani Lxtlnsofn Abt fj 5;;?, Irajt Rlbtofn-ey-Rlbtofn Rummary (Fbtfelr

12, 5;;?), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.onioan.slnatl.`fv/puedob/Vjodls/OnioanGladtgBarlRlbtofneyRlbtofn1;12;?.pij.19 Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Pfrhjfrbl (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.`fv/Pfrhjfrbl.asp.1< Ygl Onioan Gladtg Rlrvobl, OGR Jabt Rgllts3 Jabodotols Bfnstrubtofn (Ufbhvoddl3 OGR, Canuary 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//onjf.ogs.`fv/ JbdtBnstr.asp.1: Oeoi.

10 \.R. Ilpartmlnt fj Gladtg ani Guman Rlrvobls, Fjjobl fj Monfroty Gladtg,  Ioaeltls ani Amlroban Onioans/Adasha Natovls (Ufbhvoddl3GGR, Marbg <, 5;1;), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//monfrotygladtg.ggs.`fv/tlmpdatls/bfntlnt.aspx6OI=2;59.17 Jamodols \RA, Gladtg Bfvlra`l on Bfmmunotols fj Bfdfr3 Yadhon` aefut tgl Nlw Blnsus Numelrs (Pasgon`tfn3 Jamodols \RA, Rlptlmelr5;;?), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.jamodolsusa.fr`/asslts/pijs/monfroty-gladtg-blnsus-slpt-5;;?.pij.

1? Bara Camls, Haryn Rbgwartz, ani Cudoa Elrnit, A [rfjodl fj Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls ani Yglor Gladtg Bfvlra`l (Pasgon`tfn3Haoslr Jamody Jfuniatofn, Rlptlmelr 5;;?), avaodaedl fndonl at gttp3//www.hjj.fr`/monfrotygladtg/updfai/0?00.pij. [dlasl nftl tgattgl datlst iata avaodaedl arl jrfm 5;;:-5;;0.

5; Oeoi.51 Jamodols \RA, fp. bot.

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1;  Gladtg Uljfrm

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Gldp jfr Amlroban Onioans ani Adasha Natovls 11

Abhnfwdli`mlnts

Ygos rlpfrt was wrottln ey3

Rglrobl [lrry

 [rf`ram Mana`lr, Monfroty Gladtg Onotoatovls

 Jamodols \RA

ani

 Cfnay Jfstlr

Plddstfnl Jlddfw

 Jamodols \RA

Ygl jfddfwon` Jamodols \RA stajj bfntroeutli tf tgl

prlparatofn fj tgos rlpfrt3

 Ula [añarls, Iorlbtfr fj Monfroty Gladtg Onotoatovls

 [l``y Ilnhlr, Iorlbtfr fj [uedobatofns

 On`roi ZanYuonln, Rlnofr Liotfr 

Yara Efstfbh, Liotfr 

Bfddlln Gaddlr, Liotfroad Assostant 

 Nanby Ma`odd, Rlnofr @rapgob Ilso`nlr 

Rplboad tganhs tf3

 Clnnojlr Bffplr 

 Natofnad Onioan Gladtg Efari

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15;1 Nlw _frh Avlnul NP, Ruotl 11;;   Pasgon`tfn, IB 5;;;<

[gfnl3 5;5-:57-2;2; L-maod3 onjfKjamodolsusa.fr`

 www.jamodolsusa.fr`