Health Hazards in Construction · 2019-05-29 · 1 Health Hazards in Construction 30-Hour...

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Health Hazards in Construction

30-Hour Construction Industry OSHA Outreach Training Program


Introduction• About 32 million workers regularly work with or are

exposed to one or more chemical hazards.

• There are about 650,000 chemical products in existence, and hundreds more are introduced annually.

• Chemical exposure may cause or contribute to many health problems such as heart ailments, central nervous system damage, kidney and lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes.

• Some chemicals have the potential to cause fires, explosions, and other serious accidents.


OSHA Statistics

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ObjectivesBy the end of the class you will be able to:

• Identify common health hazards.

• Describe types of common health hazards.

• to apply health hazard protection methods and,

• Recognize and understand employer requirements to protect workers from health hazards in construction, including hazards communication program.


Multiple Health HazardsIn some cases, workers can be exposed to several health

hazards at the same time or on the same worksite over time.

This worker is simultaneously exposed to noise, silica dust, vibration, and ergonomic hazards.


Health Hazards

• Hazardous Chemicals

• Lead

• Asbestos

• Silica

• Ergonomics

• Physical Stress

• Biological

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Health Hazards

Potential exposures to health hazards:

•Worker on the job

•Worker’s family


Hazard Communication Purpose and Scope


Chemical Hazards

• Solids

• Liquids

• Gases and vapors

• Aerosols

• Dust, Mist, Fumes

AsbestosWelding Fumes

LeadSilicaSpraying Chemicals

Common Ways Workers Encounter

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Common Health HazardsPhysical

Ergonomic

Chemical

Biological


Hazard Communication’s Purpose: “What Is It?”

• What is the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?

• The OSHA standard intended to address the classification of potential hazards of chemicals, and to communicate to employees information about hazards and appropriate protective measures

• 1910.1200, part of Subpart Z


How Can Workplace Hazards Be Minimized?

• Perform a thorough hazard assessment, also known as a chemical census.

• Employers can rely on evaluations performed by the chemical manufacturers or importers to establish the hazards of the chemicals they use.

This information is obtained from SDSs and labels.

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Written Programs: Why Are They Required?

• They ensure that all employers receive the information they need to inform and train their employees.

• They provide employees necessary hazard information.


Written Programs: Employer Responsibilities

Develop, implement, and maintain a written hazard communication program that explains and meets the requirements for:

• labels,

• safety data sheets, and

• employee information and training.


Written Programs: Employer Responsibilities

The program must also include:

• a list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present, and

• methods used to inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks.

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Hazard Communication Employee Information and Training


Employee Information and Training

Employees must receive training on the hazardous chemicals in their workplace:

• at the time of initial assignment, or

• whenever a new chemical hazard is introduced.



Employees must be informed of:

• the requirements of the HCS;

• any operations in their work areas where hazardous chemicals are present; and

• the locations and availability of the written program, hazardous chemical list, and SDSs.

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Employee Information and TrainingTraining must include information about:

• methods used to detect hazardous chemical presence or release;

• physical, health, asphyxiation, and flammability hazards of chemicals in the work area;

• protective measures and procedures implemented by the employer (work practices, engineering controls, personal protective equipment); and

• details of the hazard communication program, including labels, SDSs, and how to obtain and use them.



• Employees must train on Hazard Communication and on the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).

• Training must be documented.

• Training must be delivered in a manner employees can understand.

• GHS classification will be the same no mater the location

• Makes significant changes to chemical labels and SDSs


Chemical LabelingTo comply with HCS and GHS requirements, chemical container labels must include:

• product identifier;

• signal word (standardized);

• pictogram (standardized);

• hazard statement (standardized);

• precautionary statement(s); and

• name, address, and phone number of the chemical manufacturer, distributor, or importer.

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•OSHA’s required pictograms must be in the shape of a square set at a point and include a black hazard symbol on a white background with a red frame sufficiently wide enough to be clearly visible.

•A square red frame set at a point without a hazard symbol is not a pictogram and is not permitted on the label.

Label Pictograms


Example of a GHS-Compliant Label

The GHS hazard pictograms, signal word, and hazard statements should be located together on the label. The actual label format or layout is not specified in the GHS. National authorities may choose to specify where information should appear on the label or allow supplier discretion.


Label Training

Training must include how an employee may use the labels in the workplace – for example, how the information on the label:

• can be used to ensure proper storage of hazardous chemicals; and

• might be used to quickly locate first-aid information.

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Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

• Previously known as a material safety data sheet (MSDS).

• New SDS is structured in 16-section format.

• All 16 sections must appear, and always in the same order.


Minimum SDS Information



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Example of the First Page of an SDS1. Identification of the substance

2. Hazard identification

3. Composition of/information on ingredients

4. First-aid measures

5. Firefighting measures

6. Accidental release measures

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

9. Physical and chemical properties

10.Stability and reactivity

11.Toxicological information

12.Ecological information

13.Disposal information

14.Transport information

15.Regulatory information

16.Other information (issue date)


SDS Training• Employees should understand where SDSs are located

and how to find important information on them, such as PPE requirements, handling measures, or appropriate exposure response.

• Must show how the information on the SDS relates to the label.

◦ Example: the precautionary statements would be the same on label as on the SDS.

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Effects of Chemical Exposure

Health ProblemsHeart Ailments Lung Damage Sterility

CNS Damage Kidney Damage Burns

Cancer Liver Damage Rashes

ExplosionFire

May pose risk of fire and explosion hazards:

May put workers at risk of developing health problems:


Injection: Punctures through skin

Absorption: Drawn through skin or eye surface

Routes of Entry

Inhalation: Breathed in (Most common route)

Ingestion: Swallowing via eating or drinking


Employer RequirementsAbide by OSHA regulations

• Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for all chemicals

• Monitoring and protection programs

• Hazard Communication Program (HAZCOM)

‐ Worker right to know

‐ Hazardous chemical training

‐ Written plan (Who, What, Where)

‐ Proper chemical labeling

‐ SDS

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Chemical Hazard Protection

Administrative

Engineering

Substitution

Eliminate

PPE


Chemical Hazard ProtectionEngineering

• Ventilation (local/general)

• Process and equipment modification

• Isolation/automationAdministrative

• Monitor/measure exposure levels

• Inspections and maintenance

• Develop SOPs

PPE• Respirators• Gloves• Safety glasses• Protective clothing


Lead

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Identifying Lead Exposure

Identifying Operations that Generate Lead dust and fumes:

• Demolition of structures

• Flame-touch cutting

• Welding

• Use of heat guns, sanders, scrapers, grinders to removed lead paint

• Abrasive blasting of steel structure


Products that have lead:

• Lead-based paint

• Lead solder,

• Electrical fittings and conduits

• Tank lining

• Plumbing fixture

• Many metal alloys

Identifying Lead Exposure


Symptoms of Chronic Overexposure

Some of the common symptoms include:

• Loss of appetite

• Constipation

• Nausea

• Excessive tiredness

• Headache

• Fine tremors

• Colic with severe abdominal pain

• Metallic taste in the mouth Weakness

• Nervous irritability

• Hyperactivity

• Muscle and joint pain or soreness

• Anxiety

• Pallor

• Insomnia

• Numbness

• Dizziness.

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Symptoms of Chronic Overdose

Lead is most commonly absorbed by inhalation

• Dust

• Fumes

• Mist


High Risk for Lead Exposure

Workers at the highest risk of lead exposure are those involved in:

• Abrasive blasting

• Welding, cutting and burning on steel structures


Protective Measures• Hazard determination – exposure assessment• Medial surveillance• Job-specific compliance programs• Engineering and work practices controls• Respiratory protection • Protective clothing and equipment• Housekeeping• Hygiene facilities and practices• Signs • Employer information and training and recordkeeping

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Employer Responsibility

Employer are responsible for developing and implementing a worker protection program for employees exposed to lead above the PEL.

• Evaluating and assessing the workplace in areas where employees may be exposed

• Personal protective equipment

• Provide training

• Written Lead Program


Asbestos


Asbestos in Construction Industry

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Asbestos

Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these minerals that have been chemically altered


Asbestos Statistics

• Asbestos was heavily used in building materials, from insulation to roofing materials

• At least 1 million construction workers are likely exposed to asbestos each year

• The most recent data shows the construction industry is most heavily impacted by mesothelioma

• Construction workers accounted for 14.74% of all occupational mesothelioma deaths from 1999 to 2012

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Types of Asbestos Work• Class I Asbestos Work: activities involving the removal

of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM

• Class II Asbestos Work: activities involving the removal of ACM which is not TSI or surfacing material. Examples: removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile, and roofing shingles

• Class III Asbestos Work: repair and maintenance operations where ACM and/or PACM is likely to be disturbed

• Class IV Asbestos Work: maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM and activities to clean up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities


• Covers asbestos exposure in all workplace regardless of the type of worksite or location

• Based on nature of work operation

• Includes but is not limited to the following where asbestos is present:• Demolition or salvage of structures

• Removal or encapsulation of materials

• Construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, or renovation

• Installation of products containing asbestos

• Spill/emergency clean-up

• Transportation, disposal, storage, containment and housekeeping activities on the site where construction activities are performed

• Excludes asphalt roof coatings, cements, mastics

Types of Asbestos Work


Requirements

• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) above these limits for asbestos is 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA), with an excursion limit (EL) of 1.0 asbestos fibers per cubic centimeter over a 30-minute period. The employer must ensure that no one is exposed

• Assessment of workplaces covered by the standards must be completed to determine if asbestos is present and if the work will generate airborne fibers by a specific method under each standard.

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Requirements

Requirements of Building/Facility Owners

• Identifying areas where there is asbestos

• Keep records of areas that have asbestos

• When working on renovation projects, the competent person who must make frequent and regular inspection of the job site, mineral and equipment

• Ensure notification requirements

• Permits


Asbestos Hazards

• Asbestos fibers released into the air during activities that disturb asbestos-containing materials.

• The asbestos fibers inhaled without knowing and trapped in the lungs.

• If swallowed, can become embedded into the digestive tract.

• A known human carcinogen, can cause chronic lung disease as well as lung and other cancers.


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Multi-employer Worksite• All employers of employees exposed shall comply

with applicable protective provisions

• All employers of employees working adjacent to regulated areas established by another employer, shall daily ascertain integrity of the enclosure and/or other controls

• All general contractors shall be deemed to exercise general supervisory authority over work covered by this standard and shall ascertain that the asbestos contractor is in compliance


Protective EquipmentCoveralls, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings are required for:

• Any employee exposed above the PELs

• Any employee doing work for which a required negative exposure assessment is not produced

• Any employee performing Class I work involving removal of > 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM

• Laundering of contaminated clothing must be done so as to prevent exposures > PELs

• Employers must inform launderers of the requirement to prevent release of airborne asbestos > PELs

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Training and Information• Employer must make available to employees

without cost

• Written materials relating to training program

• Copy of the Standard

• NIH Publication No. 89-1647 or equivalent self-help smoking cessation program material

• Employer must provide to OSHA and NIOSH upon request all information and training materials


Protective Measures• Monitoring necessary to detect if asbestos

exposure is at or above the PEL or EL for workers who are, or may be expected to be exposed to asbestos. Frequency depends on work classification and exposure. The construction and shipyard standards require assessment and monitoring by a competent person.

• Proper hazard communication and demarcation with warning signs containing specified language in areas that have exposures above the PEL or EL is necessary.


Protective Measures• Separate decontamination and lunch areas with

proper hygiene practices must be provided to workers exposed above the PEL to avoid contamination.

• Training requirements depend on the workplace exposure and classification.

• Medical surveillance requirements are different depending on the industry

• Records must be kept on exposure monitoring for asbestos for at least 30 years, and worker medical surveillance records retained for the duration of employment plus 30 years.

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Asbestos ProgramContact information

• Licensing • 512-834-6600 x 2174

• Asbestos Regulatory Information• 512-834-6787

• Training Provider Approval and State Examinations• 512-834-6600-2483


Ergonomics


Ergonomic Hazards in Construction• Lifting and pushing

• Heavy

• Awkward

• Repetitive

• Awkward grips and postures

• Reaching

• Using wrong tool or using tool improperly

• Using excessive force

• Overexertion

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Protection Against Ergonomic Hazards

• Use ergonomically designed tools

• Use correct work practices

• Proper lifting techniques

• Work station setup

• Ask for help when handling:

• Heavy loads

• Bulky/Awkward materials

• Proper PPE


Effects of Exposure to Ergonomic Hazards

Mild• Joint pain• Swelling• Sciatica• Acute lower

back pain

Serious• Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)• Raynaud’s Phenomenon (White finger)• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome• Chronic lower back pain• Tears (Rotator cuff is common)

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)


Physical Hazards

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Physical Hazards in Construction

• Noise

• Temperature extremes

• Vibration

• Radiation


Effects of Exposure to Physical Hazards

Temperature Radiation Vibration Noise

Rash; Cramps Burns Fatigue Interferences

Exhaustion Sickness Strains Stress

Stroke Aging Carpal tunnel Tinnitus

Hypothermia Cancer HAVS Headaches

Frostbite DNA mutations Raynaud’s Hearing loss


Protection Against Physical HazardsHazard

EngineeringControls

AdministrativeControls

PPE

TemperatureHeaters; AC; windshields; ventilation

Water; Rest; ShadeHoods; cooling

vests; hard hat liners

VibrationVibration reduction

equipment

Train not to grip too tightly;

Job rotationAnti-vibration gloves

NoiseSilencers; mufflers; enclosures; sound

barriers

Increase distance between source and

workerEar plugs; muffs

Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible

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Common Construction Noise Sources

Equipment Noise (dB)

Backhoe 85

Bulldozer 87

Router 90

Front end loader 90

Chop saw 92

Welding equipment 92

Nail gun 97

Jackhammer 102

Grader/scraper 107

Noise

Prolonged exposures to 85 dB can lead to hearing loss


Biological Hazards in Construction

BloodWater/SewagePlants

AnimalsInsects Mold


Effects of Exposure to Biological Hazards

Mild• Allergic reaction

Serious• Tetanus

• Swine Flu

• SARS

• Avian Flu

• West Nile

• Lyme Disease

Chronic/Terminal• HIV

• Hepatitis B & C

HIV-infected H9 T cellHepatitis C

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Protection Against Biological Hazards

• Practice precaution with:• Blood

• Bodily fluids

• Animals

• Insects

• Personal hygiene

• Proper first aid• Cuts/Scratches

• Proper PPE

• Vaccinations – schedule


Knowledge Check

1. Which of the following is a common type of health hazard:

a. Chemical hazards

b. Economic hazards

c. Electrical hazards

d. Fall hazards


Knowledge Check

2. Which of the following is an example of a physical health hazard:

a. Asbestos

b. Noise

c. Silica

d. Lead

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Knowledge Check

3. Which is an appropriate engineering control for protection against noise exposures:

a. Audiograms

b. Earplugs

c. Increasing distance between source

d. Constructing sound barriers


Knowledge Check

4. Which is a requirement of the employer:

a. Determine if workers’ exposures exceed OSHA PELs

b. Perform medical evaluations on all employees

c. Develop silica training programs for all employees

d. Provide all workers with safety toe protective footwear

Health Hazards in Construction · 2019-05-29 · 1 Health Hazards in Construction 30-Hour...

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