Health Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

7/30/2019 Health Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

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Objectives

To detect the implications of health for humanity. To identify the stages of development in healthcare. To pinpoint the issues associated with the health sector in Pakistani. To acknowledge the efforts of the entrepreneurs working in the health sector.

Health is a vital component of everyones life; it encompasses all elements that contributeto an individuals physical, emotional and mental well -being. Therefore, it is of greatsignificance to the human race and is consequently one of the most researched of all disciplinethroughout history. Despite the acknowledgement of its importance, even the most fundamentahealthcare options remain a luxury in many parts of the world; not because of lack of technological advancements but the commercialization of the healthcare industry in order to reprofits.

However, people have not limited their choice of treatment solely to the medicalsciences; there is a massive following of spiritual healing as well as herbal medicine asalternatives. Almost every person has a unique approach towards health, for instance, someadvocate abstinence while others preach cleansing of the mind, body and soul through

meditation. For a long time, sickness was normally credited to sorcery, supernatural beings,stellar powers or simply the wrath of the gods. These notions still maintain some influence; wifaith healing still being practiced across the globe particularly in rustic societies even in the facof the growth of scientific medication over the course of the preceding millennium hastransformed or substituted theology and spirituality in many instances.

All of these varying perspectives points towards the fact that the entire human race give

a substantial amountof attention towards the achievement of ideal health as is evident throughthe plethora health-related theories present in all human cultures that offer clarifications for birdeath and illness. However, perfect health will always remain a mirage, because everything inour life is subject to change.

Historical Background


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The primeval Egyptians developed a scheme of medicinal treatment that was veryprogressive for its time and largely imparted futureremedial behaviors. Both, the Babyloniansand the Egyptians presented their impressions regarding the different stage of medical treatmen

the diagnosis, prognosis, medical examination, treatment and the follow up. The famousHippocratic Oath which continues to be undertaken by medical professionals to this very daywas composed in the 5th century BC in Greece. In the unenlightened times, clinical practiceshanded down from the primeval masters were developed and then schematized in Rogerius'sThePractice of Surgery . Throughout the Renaissance, the basic comprehension regarding humananatomy developed by leaps and bounds. Furthermore, the discovery of the microscope led to formation of the concept of germs and their relation to illness. These developments, togetherwith advances in the scientific disciplines of lab technology, genetics and chemistry paved the

way towards contemporary medicine.The learning regarding primeval treatment depends greatly on the relics and human

remnants as well as anthropology. Formerly uncontested individuals and some aboriginalpopulations which live in a conventional manner have been the topic of anthropological researin order to achieve an understanding of both modern and prehistoric practices (World HealthOrganization).However, it is evident that primitive societies supposed in both the paranormal anatural means of erratically instigating and treating ailments. The arrival of the scientifictechniques in the early part of the modern era laid bare the ineffectiveness of the precedingpractices. The prehistoric individuals may have fruitfully employed the trial and error method many cases, but the scientific technique deserves credit for the concept of coincidence, theplacebo effect along with numerous other deliberations which would otherwise result in massconfusion.

A huge number of illnesses existed and were much more prevalent in prehistoric times acompared to the present day; there is substantiation of the fact that a large number of individuahad osteoarthritis. The most probable reason for this would be heavy lifting which would be

constituted as an essential task in the everyday routines of the people. For instance, thetransportation of latte stones necessitates torque in the lower back and hyper extension. Movinthe objects may have added to the increase of micro-fractures in the spine. Bruises, cuts andfractures in the bone is not treated with the appropriate amenities, disinfectants with the basicknowledge regarding germs, could turn such a minor thing into a serious infection (St. Bonifac


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College).There is also proof of the wastage of bones as well as the rickets bone distortion(Marion Roberts), which resulted because of a deficiency of Vitamin D. The expected lifespanancient times was also comparatively low just 25 to 40 years, with the males living longer thanthe females. There exists archaeological excavations showing females and babies buriedtogether; this puts forward the notion that numerous females would have expired duringchildbirth. This may have accounted for the lower life expectation in females rather than malesAn additional clarification that may be proposed for the shorter life spans of primeval humansmay be malnourishment; the males, owing to their roles as the hunter-gatherers, usually got asuperior dieting contrast with their female counterparts. They would consequently have beenmore prone to disease (Albert S. Lyons).

Archaeologists in the Mehrgarh region of Balochistan, Pakistan found out that the

citizenry of the Indus Valley Civilization from the initial Harappan phases had a detailedunderstanding of both dentistry and medicine. Professor Andrea Cucina, the anthropologist frothe University of Missouri that conducted the inspections, revealed this fact while he wascleaning the teeth from one of the remains. Future exploration regarding the same subject alsoshowed signs of drilling in teeth from 9,000 years ago (BBC News).

The medicinal practices of Ancient Egypt were recognized as being outlandish yet theywere proven to be effective. Herodotus was quoted describing Egyptians asThe healthiest of all men, next to the Libyans (Daya Ram Varma, 2011) due to the climatic conditions and publichealth facilities that were offered. He also believed thatThe practice of medicine is sospecialized among them that each physician is a healer of one disease and n o more. Eventhough the paranormal was one of the major aspects that Egyptian medicine dealt with, over tithey developed methods that could be applied in the fields of anatomy, public health, and clinidiagnostics.

Medical information from as early as 3000 BC (Breasted, 1930) can be found in theEdwin Smith Papyrus. The earliest known surgery was performed in Egypt around 2750 BC. T

Papyrus is looked upon as a copy of several other earlier works especially those of Imhotep, inwhich he has detailed cures, illnesses and observations. The papyrus is medical journal devoidmagical thinking and it defines in great length the examination, diagnosis, treatment andprognosis of various ailments (Britannica Online Encyclopedia).


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Texts from the Old Babylonian period, the first half of 2nd millennium BC, are consideredthe oldest Babylonian texts on medicine. The most extensive of which being the DiagnosticHandbook by Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa, the chief scholar known asummn (Horstmanshoff et. al, 2004), written during Adad-apla-iddinas reign as Babylonian King (1069 -1046 BC)(Marten Stol, 1993).

The Babylonians, in addition to contemporary ancient medicine, introduced the conceptof diagnosis, prognosis, physical examination and medical prescriptions as well as methods of therapy, etiology and the use of logic and rationality in practicing medicine through theDiagnostic Handbook. There is a list of symptoms, detailed analysis, observations and logicalrules to combine observations to form a diagnosis (Tilburg et. al, 2004)

The first Indian text concerning medicine is dated back to the Early Iron Age, a sacred

Hindu text known as the Atharvaveda, which contained Ancient Eastern medicinal conceptsconcerning demonic magic and exorcisms. It also explained herbal treatments of ailments, theuse of herbs would also later influence much of Ayurveda.

Complete knowledge for long life, a traditional medicine system known as Ayurveda,

was created in India in the first millennium BC. The schools of Chakara and Sushruta, both boin 600 BC, possessed the two most famous texts. Despite finding few links to the earlier Vedamedical traditions, historians have been able to directly connect Ayurveda to early Buddhist anJain literature. Post 400 BC, prominent thinkers such as the Buddha conceptualized theories,classifications of diseases and new therapies. These, together with traditional herbal practices,combined to make the earliest foundations of the Ayurveda (Kenneth G. Zysk, 1991)

The Chinese also made a significant contribution to traditional medicine. Throughempirical observations of various diseases and illnesses, Taoist physicians developed theprinciples of traditional Chinese medicine. Their belief in the coalescing nature of material andmetaphysical elements shaped the foundation of the study of classical Chinese medicine. Thescausative principles, whether material, essential, or mystical, correlate as the expression of the

natural order of the universe.Chinese medicine is founded upon the Yellow Emperors Inner Canon, known as that

Huangdi neijing, which is composed into two books: the Suwen and the Lingshu. It wasrecognized that the mythical Yellow Emperor (7th century BC) wrote the Neijing, due to doubtsfrom as early as the 11th century from Chinese scholars it is now usually dated to the Warring


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States time period (5th century BC). The silk manuscripts from 200 BC, which were excavatedin the 1970s from the tomb of a noble from the Han dynasty in Mawangdui, ar e surely ancestorsof the received Neijing. Nathan Sivin and other scholars debate that the Neijing was firstcompiled in the 1st century BC.

Cnidus was the first recognized medical school in Greece in 700 BC. The practice of observing patients was established at this school; it was also here that the author of the firstanatomical text, Alcmaeon, worked. The ancient Greeks created a humeral system of medicinewhere they aimed to restore the balance of humors in the body.

Temples dedicated to the healer god Asclepius functioned as centers of medical advice,diagnosis, and prognosis, and healing, they came to be known as Asclepieia (Guenter B. Risse1999). Patients would go into a state of anesthesia, known as enkoimesis, in which they would

receive divine help from their god in a dream or be cured through surgery. Controlled areasfavorable to medical healing were provided and the Asclepeia also satisfied the needs of schoocreated for healing (Guenter B. Risse, 1999). Three large marble slabs were found in theAsclepieion of Epidaurus dated to 350 BC; these stated a list of 70 patients along with theirnames, medical history and treatment who had successfully been cured. Some of the proceduresuch as removing a foreign material or opening an abdominal abscess seem realistic enough; thpatient was put under a state of anesthesia using opium.

Hippocrates of Kos (ca. 460 BC ca. 370 BC) is considered the father of modernmedicine and is a respected figure in medical history. There is a collection of nearl y seventyearly works strongly linked to Hippocrates and his students, known as the Hippocratic CorpusHis most famous work was the invention of the Hippocratic Oath for physicians, which is still use today.

Persias position geographically led it to b e influenced by both Greek and Indianmedicine. Persian physicians at first trained at the Academy of Jundishapur. This then progressinto the unenlightened Islamic Bimaristan hospitals (Peter Barrett, 2004)

Muslim physicians excelled in the fields of medicine, specifically anatomy,ophthalmology, pharmacology, physiology, surgery and pharmaceutical sciences, which ledthem to their prime in medical sciences. Greek, Roman and Indian medical practices impressedthe Arabs. Galen, Hippocrates, Sushruta and Charaka were distinguished authorities (Hague,2004). Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his assistants translated 129 works of Galen the ancient Greek


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physician into Arabic, they also emphasized on Galens rational systematic approach to

medicine. This helped shape the foundations of Islamic medicine, which rapidly spreadthroughout the Arab Empire. Some of the earliest hospitals were set up by Muslim physicianswhose influence also spread to Europe during the Crusades.

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Western European medicine became restrictedand folk medicine added to what remained of the old medical knowledge. Many monasteries,which often had hospitals attached, preserved and practiced medicine. The foundation of themedical college (Schola Medica Salernitana) of Salerno in Italy in the 11th century led to the re-emergence of professional medicine, in cooperation with the Monte Cassino monastery theytranslated Byzantine and Arab works. Schools of medicine were developed soon afteruniversities were founded in Italy and elsewhere in the 12th century.

The results of individual observation and experience amplified their reliance on ancientmedicine. Surgical practice improved greatly during the medieval period. The foundation forWestern surgical guidebooks was Rogerius Salernitanuss Chirurgia; it is still used in moderntimes.

During the Renaissance experiments in dissection and body examination led to theadvanced knowledge of human anatomy. Vesalius began the expansion of neurology in the 16th century by correcting over 200 of Galens mistakes in his lifetime, even though he only hadlimited knowledge of the brains functions. There was little effect on health care though theunderstanding of medical sciences and diagnosis did improve. Besides opium and quinine, thewere few drugs that could be used, popular treatments included folklore cures and hazardousmetal- based compounds.

19th century onwards medicine was revolutionized in the study of chemistry andlaboratory techniques, ideas of infectious epidemics was replaced with the study of bacteriologand virology. The first observation of bacteria under a microscope, which led to the initiation omicrobiology ass a field, was by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 (Martinkko et. al, 2006).

Actual cures were then being developed for certain epidemics. However it was the advancemein public health and nutrition that led to the decline of many diseases, rather than because of medicine. Only in the 20th century did the scientific method start being applied to medicalresearch, making it possible to make advancements in pharmacology and surgery.


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The World Wars in the 20th century gave medics and hospital units the opportunities todevelop advanced techniques for healing injuries and controlling infections in chaotic battlefieconditions. Plastic and reconstructive surgeries became more and more advanced due to thethousands of troops in need of prosthetic limbs. Those techniques were further extended tobroaden cosmetic and other forms of elective surgery

In 1948 a United Nations agency was founded by name of The World HealthOrganization to improve global health. Since then, life expectancy has greatly improved to 67 of 2010; in some countries it passes well over 80. Several vaccines were released in the hopes fighting against infections such as measles, mumps, several types of influenza and human

papilloma virus. Smallpox was eradicated in the 1970s, and Riderpest was wiped out in 2011.

Polio treatment is underway and is aimed to be eradicated within the next few years.

As infectious diseases become less lethal, tumors and cardiovascular disease is rapidlybecoming the most common cause of death and is gaining attention in the field of medicalresearch. Tobacco smoking was discovered to be one of the main causes for lung cancer in the1920s; however it was not supported by publications until the 1950s. Since then, Cancer

treatments have been vastly developing with treatments such as Radiotherapy andChemotherapy.

The World Health Organization Commission on M acroeconomics and Health in 2001highlighted the economic benefits a state may achieve through a strong public health system. TCommission debated that the economic growth of a country is largely dependent on the health the overall population.

Strengthening health equity globally and within countries means going beyondcontemporary concentration on the immediate causes of disease. In its final report in early 201the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) focuses on this caus es of the causes the fundamental global and national structures of social hierarchy and the sociallydetermined conditions these create in which people grow, live, work, and age.

Maximising the overall level of health and well-being of the general population requiresprogressing beyond the mindset that the only way to improve health standards is throughinvesting in public health service accessibility and delivery. Although the public health serviceare undoubtedly an essential component of any health system as well as a social determinantthemselves, all socio-economical which directly impact health prospects must get involved.


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Similarly health policy measures and the subsequent programmes and initiatives shouldbe co-ordinated throughout society, involving all the relevant investors, so that negative socialdeterminants creating increased health risks can be successfully tackled. The development andapplication of inter-departmental policies and programmes from the government level and belowill play an essential part in eliminating structural inequality and widespread poverty, which aprime culprits leading to health inequities.

A determinants approach to health promotion requires action across the entirety of society and the economy, wherecoherent action to minimise negative social determinants andfoster positive ones for the whole population is emphasised. This will almost certainly be metwith concentrated opposition on the part of those who would prefer the current unbalanced staof resource distribution to remain as it is. However, these interest groups must not be allowed

hinder this process.Of course, such an approach will demand a long term outlook. While there are immedia

measures that can be introduced to ease the impact of negative social determinants and tacklehealth inequalities, it is in the long run that the real benefits of this policy will become evident

Health Education

Even though pre-emptive procedures such as the Venetian quarantine laws and theMosaic sanitary code predate Pasteurian medicine, the contemporary developments in bothcommunal and individual health came about as a result of the progress made in the science of preventive medicine during the 19th century. Simultaneously, there also arose a new-fangledapprehension regarding the issues relating to the wellbeing of humans; disease was no longerconsidered as gods tool of inflicting wrath but as a biological process during any living

organisms lifespan which was very much controllable. In comparison to the st ruggles put inperiodically by lone individuals towards the improvement of a singular situation in the latter hof the 19th century, the present day health education movement is predominantly social.

The efforts for health education depend greatly upon the creation of health and/orsanitary boards coupled with the enforcement of a health and/or sanitary code. In the last quartof the 19th century, it dawned upon the medical community that based on existing scientificknowledge, most ailments were manageable or avoidable and that education pertaining to healwas as necessary as regulation. This ideology was observed regardless of a huge number of


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complications such as the approach of medical practitioners. It is also to be noted that eventhough the most prominent physicians of the era spearheaded the development for deterrentmedicine, the medical community as a whole, trailed behind.

Before the start of the 20th century, the main part of health education related activitieswas conducted by the federal and regional boards of health. With the passage of time, theestablishment of voluntary organizations, some gigantic in size, with the aim of educating themasses in all aspects of common and individual health was seen. Moreover, the labors of theseassociations soon surpassed the efforts of the official governing entities.

All through the earlier stages, the most commonly employed tools to create awarenessregarding health education were health talks, placards, leaflets, illustrations and exhibitions.Newspapers were effectively used a medium to widely circulate all of these instruments. The

exhibitions were usually extravagant dealings that took place in larger metropolis and displayegraphical representations that were often deemed to be extremely gruesome. A large number ountrained individuals were at the helm of affairs and often gave health talks to the public whilealmost all of the exhibitions were created and operated by non-medical lay individuals.

The crucial function performed by the American Red Cross Society in the initialdevelopment of the education of health has to be acknowledged. It indulged in activities thatwere greater in scope than simply focusing on one disease such as tuberculosis but it providedfinancial aid to the organizations working against tuberculosis as well.

Before the advent of the World War, education relating to health was sprinkled sparinglyacross a large geographic region and in its general development. Still, it prospered in creating fitself a rudimentary belief and a fundamental procedure. A mutual exchange of understandingwas made conceivable through numerous conferences held every year, particularly those onhealth education.

The momentum of the health education was greatly accelerated by the events of theWorld War, by the health problems created by the intensification in the industrial field, but also

by the social consciousness which characterized this period. During this period, the greatestprogress in health education was in the industrial field and the field of child health, although albranches gained as well.

The techniques in health education were multiplied and improved during the early part othe 19th century. The motion picture as an educational instrument, visual instruction as a whole,


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including the picture poster, which played so prominent a part in war propaganda and publicityin the narrower sense of stressing or creating news value in an item essentially educational orpropagandistic were substantially developed.

Later on, the health education movement became somewhat critical of it and subjected anumber of its activities to analysis and evaluation. One outstanding example of this was aquestionnaire dealing with venereal disease facts, addressed towards soldier, the reply to whichwas then subjected to analysis by the psychologists. It was also observed by a contemporary th..these studies probably helped to deflate health education and give it direction.

The movement also became more integrated and a huge number of new health groupscame into being during the decade, the older ones coordinated their respective endeavors.Resources were pooled along with community health and education programs were formulated

with some effort to cover the major health items in a balanced manner.Although after the war, a number of the activities fell into desuetude, many of the war

gains in health education were retained, especially the developments in child health educationand less so in the industrial field.

The greatest gain made in recent years has been in the acquisition of larger objectives. Iaddition to the prevention and the minimization of the damages wrought by disease, healtheducation now has the aim of promoting the individuals physical and mental well -being to themaximum.

Health education has made considerable progress in the medical profession itself. At theoutset, physicians schooled in pathologic medicine little appreciated the value of preventivemedicine and were not sympathetic to the encroachment of lay or even official bodies. In the ladecade, however, preventive medicine has become more and more a part of office practice, thegreatest progress in this direction has been made in the specialties of pediatrics and obstetrics. recent and significant innovation is the purchase by a number of local official medicalorganizations of advertising space in the daily press for the publication of health items.

Commercial organizations have also entered the health education field. Life insurance companwere amongst the earliest to promote health education.

Conclusion


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It is clear that health as has been contemplated and experimented upon incessantly eversince man has existed and is now recognized as the one of the key concerns of both developedand developing countries all over the world. Societies have been made or destroyed dependingon the degree and sophistication of healthcare available to the citizens as is evident from thelarge number of often talked about plagues and epidemics such as the yellow fever and blackdeath. Nearly all thinkers and academics have acknowledged health of a society as a vitalelement that contributes towards development. Still, it is seen as one of the most neglected of aamenities provided, particularly in third world counties; it remains an issue that necessitatesconcentrated and collective efforts and after realizing the significance of health, a large numbeof governments have established healthcare mechanisms such as Canadas Medicaid and

Britains National Health Service (NHS) with the belief that these will aid society as a whole.

Additional information regarding the topic will be explained using a string of case studiregarding the different social entrepreneurs working towards the improvement of health inPakistan; sacrificing both their energy and time to allow access to standardized healthcare andconsequently alleviating disease and suffering from society.


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References

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Stone Age man used dentist drill. (n.d.). BBC News - Home .Retrieved August 3, 2012, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4882968.stm

Barrett, P. (2004).Science and theology since Copernicus: the search for understanding (Newed.). London: T & T Clark.

Edwin Smith papyrus (Egyptian medical book) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Britannica Online Encyclopedia . Retrieved August 6, 2012, from

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/179901/Edwin-Smith-papyrus

Horstmanshoff, H. F., Stol, M., & Tilburg, C. R. (2004). Magic and rationality in ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine . Leiden: Brill.

Humanities: History: Prehistoric Medicine . (n.d.).St. Boniface's College . Retrieved August 3,2012, fromhttp://www.britishempire.co.uk/boniface/humanities/history/year10/prehistoric.htm

J. H. Breasted,The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus , University of Chicago Press, 1930.

Lyons, . S. (n.d.). Prehistoric Medicine. Health Guidance . Retrieved August 3, 2012, fromhttp://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6303/1/Prehistoric-Medicine.html

Risse, G. B. (1999). Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals . New York: Oxford

University Press.

Roberts, M. (n.d.). Revolutionary Players - Articles. Revolutionary Players - Portal . RetrievedAugust 3, 2012, from http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/article_01_01.stm


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Stol, M. (1993). Epilepsy in Babylonia . Groningen: STYX Publications.

Traditional Medicine. (n.d.).World Health Organization . Retrieved August 3, 2012, fromwww.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/

Varma, D. R. (2011). Art and science of healing since antiquity . Bloomington, IN: Xlibris.

Zysk, K. G. (1991). Asceticism and healing in ancient India: medicine in the Buddhist monastery . New York: Oxford University Press.


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Dr. Syed Muhammad JafarAnjuman Imamia

Profile of the Entrepreneur

From the very beginning of Adam & Eve eraof this very present day, there are millions andtrillions of people who came to this earth andwent back to where they belong but only those

personalities are remembered in this universe that felt for destitute humanity and did marvelouworks for humanitys benefit. Among these personalities is the leading name of Alhaaj (late)

Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar. He was born in Lahore on 26 April, 1940 at the Inner Dehli Gate.He completed Holy Quran Recitation at the age of 4 years. He did his primary education fromthe Khawajgan Narowali School inside Mochi Gate and Matriculation from Islamia HighSchool in 1955. After getting stood First in intermediate education from Dial Singh CollegeNisbat Road in 1957, he did MBBS from King Edward University in May 1962. He did not op

for specialization and after getting a degree, he started practice in Farooq Ganj Inner Misri Shaas a general physician in November 1962. He bought a plot in 1970 in 276 Shadman areas faraway from Farooq Ganj and developed it into his residence in 1971 and started living there. Hdid pilgrimage and returned back to Lahore on 4 December 2009 and after four days i.e. onTuesday, 8 December he died at 9 am due to an intense and unexpected heart attack.

Motivation

Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar realized the lack of facilities for the surrounding poor patienas they faced many problems regarding payments of doctors and medicine fees as their status

did not allow them to afford such heavy fee. The problem persisted because at those times thwas a high illiteracy rate and people would only do physical aggression to earn their livelihoDestitute people had to go distant places to get medical treatment. It was his sheer love fmankind that also made his mind to lay a foundation by the name of Imamia Free Dispensa


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that would be working for the sole benefit of surrounding poor society and could help resotheir everyday issues.

Profile of the Social Enterprise

The place where he lived and the surroundings were mostly deserted with no communactivities at large. It was a place that was condensed with poor people. He had a soul that wmotivated and driven by an emotional desire to help and improve the status quo and thusmotivated him to go on creating social capital. As he was a Doctor by profession this furthhelped him in recognizing a social need. He felt a dire need of social reforms for the sake of tpoor; they have to go far flung places to get their prescribed medicines. This made him to lfoundation of the Imamia Free Dispensary.

This one was a challenging step for him as he was already an in charge of a MosquSearching for a funding source for this act was a sophisticated task and hence he gathered attention of his relatives and motivated them to serve for such great cause. They all respondwith a great zeal and this led to a foundation on 27 March 1981 and soon after about sommonths the first two buildings were purchased in near areas of Shadman Market which wofficially inaugurated on April 16, 1982 and Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar was awarded tposition of lifetime president. The first two plots were purchased in March 1982 which hdimensions of (11 x 33) and (14 x 33) sq. foot, the third plot was purchased in 1984 which hthe same dimensions as the second one and fourth plot was purchased in 2003 which had tsame dimensions as the first one. All these buildings are located in close vicinity to each otherShadman market. Imamia Free Dispensary is a social enterprise which is the generation of socvalues and economic values existing in the Lahore region of Punjab Province.

This enterprise delivers several health services which have been developed throughothe time frame and includes indoor General Physicians from the very beginning, patients gettfree medicines at a minimal cost of prescription, later on a Female Gynecologist was added

in 1984 and then a Dental Surgery ward was opened in 1987 which included a team of thrdoctors and seven paramedical staff, doctors were also invited on honorary terms and on twhole three doctors worked on honorary basis in their times and now their clipping and visiticards have been attached there, which also serve as a source of marketing and a token appreciation for them. These include the names of Dr. Fiaz (eye physician), Dr. Iftikhar Huss


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Sheikh (skin specialist) and Dr. Ali Muqadas Syed (ENT specialist) and other service sugar

test was also included on a weekly basis which is presently conducted by Dr. Azar Baig. The

changes along the timeline represent an expansion in terms of size and services. The potentquestion points towards the resource of funding and the hardships suffered towards suchmarvelous achievement.

The members of Anjumn-e-Imamia free Dispensary is a total of seven in the figure anall our merchants by profession and currently the list have increased to a figure of 40. Sheikh IAli Kamla and Sheikh Noor Muhammad Samyal were born in Narowal; Sheikh MuhammIqbal Zafar and Sheikh Ali Hussain Zafar were both brothers and were born in Zafarwaal; SheBhadur Hussain Mandiani, Sheikh Zahoor Ali Moongla and Sheikh Hashmt Ali Samyal weborn in Lahore. The last two mentioned are alive till now. They were mostly cloth mercha

except Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal who was a crockery merchant.

Mission and Vision

The mission was to provide service to all at negligible rates which include a minimal ffor only the prescriptions. The vision statement is Insaaniat Ki Khidmat.

The enterprise has been in existence since 30 years and Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafappointed his secretary from the very beginning who also runs his own business as an ExecutBusiness Development Manager in EFU Life Insurance Ltd and he spent part of his time dailythis enterprise. According to him, the main idea is to share the burden of this society of all thwho have the ability and strength to do so. Mr. Shahid Raza is the sheer believer of his visiand justifies it by giving an example that a 20 kilogram weight is uplifted by 40 men then no owill be bothered by it and the benefit is in manifolds to those who dont even have the capacity

to do so. Mr. Shahid Raza told that a total of 15 employees work in this NGO currently, 10 apermanent and 5 works on an honorary basis and an average a figure of 60 is the strength daily patient which are benefited. Mr. Shahid Raza is the one of those employees who is work

in the enterprise since its inception and has been controlling all the management policies. He tthat he workedrelentlessly to build the image of this enterprise. The enterprises take awayenvelop is the one with a printed front and do work as a reminder when a code is written on it synchronization purpose of finding exact prescription for any later use. Mr. Shahid Raza told tmany hardships came during the course of his operations handling which mainly focus on t


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perception of the general public. The history behind this enterprise being registered undAnjumn-e-Imamia signifies and authorizes this argument that person's perception was the bigghurdle. The word terrorism is a well known noun attached to the history of Pakistan. Whenevthere happened a case of terrorism, this organization got vulnerable to external threats and thhappened an event that once the police came to investigate if there are any clues that could against the founder.

When asked about the marketing aspect Mr. Shahid told that due to being a Shia ruenterprise in terms of caste background, many majority of other caste showed their rivalry, justified it by an incident that once he made an effort to place a street banner on jail road whcost him around Rs. 750. He used to make daily inspection visits there. What he found on fourth day was that banner was thrown on a side lane road and that made him very disturbe

From that day he relied upon word of mouth as a source of marketing. On the operation siwhen asked about any hardship he suffered, he told that he represents a multifunction personaland the secret of success lies behind deflating one's ego. He justified it by saying that he workas a doctor, wrote prescriptions, gave medicines and even worked as indoor and outdoor jani just in an effort to maintain the image of enterprise. When asked about the supplies, he said tnow corruption in medicines has gone common these days but they have a very bona fisupplier by the name Zain Pharmacy and the procurement runs smoothly. The method of

inspection includes their doctors checking the expiry date and replenishment schedules.

Impact

When inquired about his assessment that how it all impacted the general public, hshowed a very satisfied and positive response and told that perception of the general publicchanging. Initially public perceived the Shias to do just crying and Matam and now they knowthat they also do great works for the benefit of civics and are a responsible social group.

Anjumn-e-Imamia Free Dispensary funding is self financed mostly by the membersfamilies as many members have passed away and because of that the strength has grown upforty members. The annual revenue and expenditure is even out that means nothing gecollected in reserve account. Sheikh Tajamal Haider Kamla is the current editor who works honorary basis. On the whole nine lacks is the annual revenue. The monthly expenses are thousand Rs on average; this includes employees expenses, repair and maintenances and daily


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petty cash. Recently they are pondering over to fix the generator for constant power supply. Taverage monthly revenue is 10.5 thousand Rs from monthly prescriptions and almost thousand Rs is collected in the form of donations which come from those people who have similar inspiration, sense of mind and are capable to spend money. Patients get free medicinesa cost of 5 Rs per prescription. The total monthly revenue averages out to be 125 thousand athe average monthly profit comes out to be (125 80) 45 thousand which is reinvested in aconstant manner to improve the level of service. Mr. Shahid Raza is the most active membrepresenting enterprise who collects funds by himself. He mentions this aspect that still amohis social group there are people who perceive this social gesture nicely but feel reluctant support financially and he has to convince many to keep this enterprise running efficientWhen asked about the enterprise from the general public which included the responses fro

Shadman market, many replied that they know this enterprise that its been there working fr om along time and almost all public response was biased in approving the comment that the enterprhas been working very well and caters mostly to needy persons.

When asked from Mr. Shahid Raza about the future plans in next three years, he said ththey plan to introduce two new services for social cause. One is that they have plans to stblood bank and next is to start physiotherapy service.

Business Model

The business model adopted is sustainable in relation to survive on its own and generaprofits, thus not solely relying on grants and donation. Since there is no such thing shareholders in these business models, the whole profit is reinvested in further developmeprocesses of the enterprise. Revenue generating activities of such non government organizatileads to formation of new operating models whose business principles and activities licompetition, innovation and entrepreneurship skills co-exist with the traditional and cultuvalues which decide the success of social enterprise. The business model is reliable in a sen

that it helps to strengthen social relations to get economic results and productivity of individuand groups. In general the business model can replicate in three possible ways i.e. socfranchising, social licensing and collaboration as it serves to cater poor families which areburden on themselves. At the same time social enterprise like this is faced with the barriers funding issues, branding issues in cases of franchising/licensing and management issues in or


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to create an established control over their local region. Social franchising is replication business model with a predefined border line which works successfully with those exceptiopeople who are passionate to bring a change with shared national vision and clear concepthow a social enterprise would work. Keeping in view the hardships this enterprise sufferedterms of caste disparity, social franchising seems not to be an appropriate option for replicatiand saleability of its business model. Social licensing is a more flexible model of socialfranchising but this also does not apply to this organization as it is still growing and has yetestablish new grounds for serving the general public.

Achievements

Enterprise Imamia Free Dispensary is in a growing stage till now in terms of size anservices. It has proved to be one step ahead more than just a dispensary and plan to add on msocial services in the coming three years.

Profile of Qasr-e-Batool

Qasr-e-Batool is a religious mosque which serves as a multifunction building dedicated carrying a variety of religious tasks and also serves as the Islamic Teaching center to surroundsociety in imparting Islamic teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah. Dr Syed Muhammad Jawas a kind hearted person and wanted to do something worthwhile for the local peasants livthere in the surrounding serenity. This gesture is justified by his first community activity making a mosque right next to his house. He bought a plot 277 in Shadman and builtfoundation by the name Qasr-e-Batool and gave it to society in the cause of Allah in 1971. Tmosque was developed in about four years and was operational in 1975. As he belongs to Scaste, he started 9 Muharram procession from that mosque after many efforts of getting a permlicense from the Government of Punjab and from that day till present this process is going on

it was.

Profile of I.T.E Trust

Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar founded I.T.E Trust in 1993. It is named ITE because of thsocial stigma attached to the word Imamia. The founders felt that the word imamia carries wit


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a burden of social bias which turns out to be a cause of disrespect among many social classessocietys nature of environment. This led to a slight change in the pronunciation of trust namand it changed rather from being Imamia Technical Trust to simply ITE Trust. Under their kiassistance and direction Pak Polytechnic Institute (PPI) laid its foundation in the same year and itgot attached from Punjab Board of Technical Education, Lahore for the purpose of bona fiaffiliation in getting three year Diploma in Associate Engineering (D.A.E) courses. All toperational activities are currently handled by Syed Sayeed Alam Zaidi and currently it affiliated with Virtual University, University of Punjab and Board of Intermediate and SecondaEducation Lahore for training and examination purposes. The Board of trustees includes DSyed Muhammad Jafar (Late), Mrs. Najaf Jafar, Hassan Ali Syed, Syed Saeed Alam Zaidi, SyMohsin Ali Gardezi, Jarrar Haider, Idris Ali Syed, Syed Zia Haider Rizvi, Agha Sheikh Azm

Ali, Sheikh Nawazish Ali Seth, Sheikh Hashmat Ali Samyal, Abbas Ahmed Jafri, Syed SalmIdris, Mrs. Tayyaba Salman, and Syed Barjees Asghar. Some hold dual positions and amothem are: Mrs. Najaf Jafar is the managing trustee and is the wife of the late Dr. Jafar. HasaAli Syed is the assistant managing trustee and Syed Sayeed Alam Zaidi is the Secretary Genewhereas Syed Mohsin Ali Gardezi is the finance secretary and Jafar Haider is the informatisecretary. ITE Trust also has an advisory council which includes eight members with thaddition of council chairman and secretary. Among these members, four are acting trustees well. New names include Abbas Ahmad Jaffari, Jarrar Haider, Yousaf Imam and Unais AhmPirzada where as Council Chairman is Mehmood Ahmad Khan and Secretary is MuhammZulfiqaar Ali. Those members who hold the position of trustees include Mrs. Najaf Jafar, HassAli Syed who is the son of the late Dr. SM Jafar, Mohsin Ali Gerdezi and Ahsan Ali Zaidi.

Later at Polk International Model College of Commerce and Science (PIMCS), PaInstitute of Management and Computer Sciences (PIMCS) and Park College of Engineering aTechnology were established under I.T.E Trust.

Profile of Pak Polytechnic Institute

I.T Training Centre Lahore was established in 1984 and it served the society in respect Technical & Vocational Education Courses. These courses are scheduled for Three months aSix Months diploma certificates in order to spread Technical Education in the masses which wdesigned to cater appropriate needs of society and was a source for them to earn their liveliho


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The reason and source of ideas of his primary inspiration was his brother in law Syed Zafar Shamsi, who was director of WASA at that time. His brother in law asked many times for hhelp in getting skilled employees to jobs who could work for WASA and thats why he was

approached numerous times by poor youngsters who were needed to get jobs somewhere throuhis reference. Recognizing this need and slum in Job Market he decided to establish a TechniTraining Centre so that this youth could be operational in technical skills. This way they wouhave the initial power to change their future either through jobs or by self employment. Besthis, the project was started on no profit no loss basis and he believed that imparting techniceducation acts as the back-boneof a countrys progress. Later it was developed for Pak PolyTechnic Institute with the assistance of former Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharin 1991.

Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar (late) was the honorary managing trustee of PPI set up by tITE Trust (registered). The institute is located in Allama Iqbal Town Lahore. The campus isfour storey building which contains around hundred rooms and is imparting technical trainingmany fields including computer knowledge. The target is the children of low income familiThrough his spirit of public service and good planning he along with his companions supposucceeded in running the institute which incorporated fully equipped workshops. In 1993, started classes at the completion of the ground floor. Some around 2000 youngsters are beitrained here in a variety of technical trades. The entire cost of this project was borne by the ITrust and this project amounted to Rupees Fifty Million. This example shows love for humanand the level of self reliance on the part of admirable Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar and othtrustees. Pak Polytechnic Institute holds distinctive standing among the Technical EducatiColleges in the province of Punjab. Students are enrolled in five disciplines of Technology whare Electrical, Civic, Electronics, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning and Computer InformatTechnology. ITE Trust also set up PIMS in the same building to award BSc, BBA and MBdegrees. This represents a truly determined venture. Apart from this PIMCS holds I.Com a

B.Com classes as well. The faculty is working under provision of I.T.E Trust which is qualifiexperienced, and they try to envision the vision of the late Dr. S.M Jafar. The institute offeeight facilities which include Hajj Scheme, technology and computer labs, libraries, sports, bostore, canteen and extracurricular activities. Faculties comprise of related studies, electrical, ci


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electronic, RAC, CIT and commerce. The institute also has an official website address internet.

Achievements

The story of his achievements does not end here but actually started from here and 1984 he was the first person and was recognized as a pioneer to start the first private vocatioinstitution by the name Imamia Technical training Center. The business model was simple, built a foundation on rental basis in 4 Marla plot where he built just two rooms and decoratthem with glass coatings. Upon this unique social activity, in 1990 Mian Muhammad NawSharif allotted a 9 Canal plot in Allama Iqbal Town and awarded it to him as a token appreciation. Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar utilized that area and developed it in Pak Poly Techn

Institute in 1993. Later he was awarded Thamga-e-Imtiaz by Government of Punjab in 1998.Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar (late) represents a true picture of social entrepreneur due

his significant and diverse contribution to poor communities. He adopted business modelsoffer creative solution to the social problem and was awarded Tamgha-e-Imtiaz by Governmeof Punjab. He acted as an architect of social value creation and used entrepreneurial principlesmanage ventures and for this he established nonprofit sectors. He recognized opportunitiavailable and was well positioned to take their advantage. His social enterprise provided businsolutions to real life social problems.

Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar had a leading personality. When Aal-e-Imran association(registered) Lahore was founded in 1976, it led to establishment of Alimran Shifa Khana in1977. The association suggested the name of Dr. Syed Muhammad Jafar as the honorarymanager and till his death (2009) he kept this position and acted in the best interest of theorganization. Whenever he was called in by the members of the association, he always respondeither if it meant to be taken his clinic hours. He was the man who liked to do his chores in avery peaceful and casual manner thus not causing any burden to other workers. He was the bel

that doing such a job would possibly increase his ratings in front of God. Besides this, heregularly organized annual religious procession in the holy month of Muharram. Late SyedMuhammad Jafar carried out 44 pilgrimages and supplied free medicines as a charitable work the sake of God. He was a true philanthropist and people would enjoy his company.


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Ghurki Trust Teaching HospitalMuhsin Bilal Ghurki

M. Junaid

Profile of the Entrepreneur

Muhsin Bilal Ghurki was born on 14th July 1959 in the provincial capital Lahorebelonging to the famous Ghurki family which produces many politicians and businessman. Hethe son of a landlord, Haji Yaseen and after receiving intermediate level education he joined family business. He worked very hard and proved himself as a successful entrepreneur and afthe demise of his business partner and very close friend, Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki, became the chairman of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital and till now he is leading the hospiand giving the proof of his true leadership qualities. It is due to his efforts and courage thGhurki Trust Teaching Hospital that once started as the dream of Haji Muhammad AsghGhurki (Late) is now a State -of-the-art multi facility hospital in Lahore. He is also a member of the famous organization Anjuman-e- Aarian.

Haji Muhammad Asghar Gurki (Late) was one of theearly members of Pakistan PeoplesParty from the Ghurki family. He is the father of Khalid Javaid Ghurki (ex MPA,ex-

parliamentary secretary) and father in law of Mrs. Samina Khalid Ghurki (MNA in 2002 a2008, currently the Federal Minister). Haji Muhammad Asghar Ghurki (Late) was a very pioand kind hearted person so throughout his life he worked for the welfare of the people surrounding villages. Haji Muhammad Asghar Gurki(Late) had a dream of trust institute whneedy and ailing humanity should be served, that to free of cost. So he donated more than 1canal area for this purpose and Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki (Late) turned Haji MuhammAsghar Gurkis (Late) dream into an astounding reality.

Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki (Late), another elder of Ghurki family is a well-knowpersonality who was the son of Haji Sire Din (late), a well known land lord. Haji MuhammIqbal Gurki (Late) was a successful businessman who also played a very positive role Pakistani politics. He was elected as an MPA and he served as Provincial Transport Ministfrom 1996 to 1997. He had created an urge within himself to serve the needy and less privilegpeople of his area by providing them quick and effective health care services. This was t


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reason that he supported the idea of Haji Muhammad Asghar Gurki (Late) to form a truinstitute and laid the foundation of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital in 1993, which is thdemonstration of his love and care for the community to provide the deserving with the rigthat they are deprived of.

Motivation and Inspiration

Muhsin Bilal Ghurki was greatly inspired by the social work done by his familespecially by Haji Muhammad Asghar Gurki (Late) and Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki (Late).

Since my childhood I saw my elders helpi ng the needy and poor people. Anyone who

came to us with hope of help, my elders always helped him so this increases my spirit of helping

others. Like my other family members both Haji Muhammad Asghar Ghurki (Late) and Haji

Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki (Late) were a great source of inspiration for me.

Haji Muhammad Asghar Ghurki (Late) observed that thousands of people living around 110 villages in the surrounding areas between Wahga border and BRB canal lack tfacility of a proper hospital where they can get an in time and appropriate treatment. In caseemergency, people belonging to these villages had to rush to hospitals which were severkilometers away which was a great source of discomfort. At that time (late 1980s and early

1990s) the infrastruc ture was also very poor thus there were many unfortunate cases when theperson with a serious condition expired before even reaching to the distant hospitals. So tmotivated Haji Muhammad Asghar Ghurki to take an initiative and he donated his 114 canal afor Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. After him, Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki took thresponsibility to lead this mission and he laid the foundation of Ghurki Trust Teaching hospiin 1993.Profile of the Social Enterprise

On 21st February 1993, famous social worker, Abdul Sattar Edhi laid the foundationstone of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital which is the first purpose built project of HaMuhammad Asghar Ghurki Trust, the building having been designed by famous architect NayyAli Dada. And it was due to the hard work and support of Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki that tproject was completed in a short period of six years. Other member who supported and activ


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Ghurki Trust Teaching hospital is the teaching hospital for Lahore Medical and DentCollege Lahore. Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) granted permanent recognitionthe hospital on 3rd August 2007.The Hospital is fully recognized for a house job in the followinspecialties by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) Islamabad which are MediciSurgery, Orthopedics, Gynecology, ENT, Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, Urology, etc.

The University of Health Sciences (UHS) affiliated Ghurki Trust Teaching hospital o20th September 2007 for undergraduate education. Ghurki Hospital is also recognized for tfellowship (FCPS), membership (MCPS) and diploma (DCPS) training in various specialties College of Physician and Surgeons (CPSP) Karachi Pakistan.

The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital is registered with the charity commission in the Uand is also registered in Illinois with Secretary of States office. The Ghurk i Trust Teaching

Hospital is given not for profit organization status by the US Tax Department under theEmployer Identification (EIN) no. 30-0680397.

Objectives

The objective of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital is to provide better medical facilities the ailing humanity at an affordable cost and even free treatment for the needy and destituirrespective of cast and creed.

Also Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospitals objective is to become one of the finest and

leading Orthopedics and Spine surgery centers of Pakistan.

Funding

Ghurki hospital is a trust institute and a major portion of its funds come from thdonations and subscriptions. The land for the hospital was donated by Haji Muhammad AsghGhurki (Late) and further other members of Ghurki family contributed to set up the hospital. of the Board of Trustees is the main source of donations, they donate millions of rupees eve

year to run the daily operations of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. Also Ghurki Trust TeachiHospital has overseas members of the Board of Trustees living in the United Kingdom aUnited States of America, where they collect a million of rupees as donations through thooffices. The hospital has built a strong reputation by continually providing the needy with bmedical treatment and this is why every year the amount of donations has been increased by


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large scale. The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital is following its motto of Service in the name of

Allah and they are collecting money from all over the world as donations and subscriptions andinvesting each and every rupee to give free and best medical treatment to the needy and destitu

Budgeting

There is no formal annual budget set by a Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. Every poor and neewho come for the free treatment is treated free of cost and amount needed for the treatmentdonated by the donors on a daily basis.

Problems

The society, in which Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital exists, majorly consists of poo

families belonging to the villages. These people areusually hand to mouth and they usually donthave any money for their treatment. This region also lacks the proper infrastructure including road network also no proper hospital is located in this area. So due to lack of all these facilitand unavailability of a quick emergency ambulance service person belonging to these areas fserious health problems and many were dying because of this. Also due to low literacy rate alack of awareness about many serious health issues like T.B, Diabetes, Cancer and Hepatitis et

Impact

By observing all these issues and the condition of the helpless people of the locality tGhurki family decided to take an initiative under the leadership of Haji Muhammad AsghGhurki (Late). And the organization, whose foundation is laid by Haji Muhammad AsghGhurki (Late) and Haji Muhammad Iqbal Ghurki (Late) is now serving the ailing humanity in name of Allah thus every year thousands of people got treatment free of cost, patients not ofrom Lahore but from outside Lahore came here for their orthopedics surgery.

Patient Welfare Society (PWS)

In order to provide better treatment facilities to the needy and poor patients, a Patient

Welfare Society was formed on 15 th August 2002 at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, which hasbeen registered on 21st March 2003 by the City District Government Lahore vide Registrationno. DOSW (Regd) /LHR-1310.By exploring its own sources, the management of the society


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providing medicines to the needy and Zakat for deserving patients. This society also providartificial Limbs, Joints, Implants, Braces, Clutches, and Food etc. Free of cost to poor and neepatients.

Spine Center

Ghurki Trust observed that majority of patients suffering from back bone problembelong to poor and working class. This includes the tractor and trolley drivers, bus conductoWAPDAs line men , date pickers and other lower level workers. Also due to the earthquake in2005 a lot of people suffered from back bone problems but till now no one takes the initiativeopen any spine center so Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital took that demanded initiative astarted working on this project in 2009.

Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospitals Spinal center is an especially dedicated SpinalSurgery Unit first of its kind in P akistan is being established. A budget of Rs.40 million hasbeen expended on the construction of this mega project.Rs.150 million will be further investedfulfill the requirements like MRI machines, CT Scan, five operation theaters and a physiotheraor rehabilitation center for patients with back bone problem.

In last 8 years Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital operated upon approximately 400patients with back bone problems, which is the highest number of spine surgery recorded Pakistan by any institution. Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital spine center is the only orthopedicdepartment in the country which is giving spine surgery training to doctors.

AO Spine Switzerland has recognized our unit as a center of excellence in spine inPakistan and AO SpinePakistan chapter has been allocated to Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospitalsorthopedic and spine surgery department.

Orthopedics and spine surgery department is contributing its maximum in clinical as weas academic services required for better patient management. They presented 12 papers in international ORTHOCON 2005 in Islamabad, 10 in 2007 Peshawar ORTHOCON, 13 in 20

Karachi ORTHOCON and 12 in Bhurban ORTHOCON. Two of the papers were selected fGold Medal competition in International ORTHOCON 2005 Islamabad. This is a record numbof presentations in a single conference by any institute in Pakistan.


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This department also started first ever Hands on Cadaver Spine Fixation course Pakistan, five years ago. Moreover the first all Pakistan Llizarov Hands on Cavader/Saw boncourse was conducted in 2005.

Free Camps

Every year Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital set up Free Eye Camp, Free DermatologCamp, Free Gynecology Camp and Free Surgical Camp at different places in the surroundiareas.

Disaster Management

Sozo Water Park Disaster 2004: The hospital attended this calamity single handedly an

successfully treated all the injured school children and teachers in a more congenial atmosphgenerously spending approximately Rs.0.13 million.

Earthquake of 2005: Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital responded to this disaster and wthe 1st Medical Institution to set up a camp at Muzaffarabad, which was later up-graded ashospital. Minor operations were performed on site while major complicated and advancsurgeries were done at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital on the victims shifted at Lahore. Taffected were provided with free treatment, food, clothing and even wheelchairs. In the LuSum Rs.10.50 million was spent on this calamity.

Manawan Police Station Terrorist Attacks 2009: Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital agairesponded to this calamity and its ambulances and staff worked shoulder to shoulder with loadministration and shifted the emergencies, injured and the causalities. The hospital staff setBlood Collection Centers to provide blood to the needy. 43 emergencies were admitted and all

sorts of Surgical and Medical treatment were provided as per requirement.Rs.0.26 million wspent on them.

Flood Management in Muzzaffargarh: During flood disaster Ghurki Trust Teachin

Hospital played a very vital role and a medical team of Orthopedic Surgeons and MedicOfficers visited with all necessary medicines and surgical logistics for flood victims.

Beneficiaries


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Thousands of patients with different problems are provided with the best medical facilifor free of cost in the name of Allah. In the last twelve years from 1999- 2010 Ghurki TruTeaching Hospital spends Rs.100 million to provide free treatment and in only 2010 Rs.24.million was spent for this purpose. Similarly in 2011 millions of rupees were spent for providfree treatment. From 1999 till 2010, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital treated 1,072,031 OPatients, 77,378 Indoor Patients, 142,234 Emergency Patients and 51,408 Surgical Patients.

Patient Welfare Society (PWC) of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital is also spendinmillions of rupees in order to provide maximum medical treatment facilities to the poor patienFrom 2006 till 2010 Patient Welfare Society spent Rs.16.05 million in order to provide frtreatment, in 2011 the Patient Welfare Society spent Rs.7,003,234 to give free medical facilityfour thousand five hundred and sixty nine patients.

Perception

Millions of people get treatment from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital in last thirteeyears. The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital provides all these patients with the best medicfacility available in the locality. The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital has one of the finest annoted doctors, surgeons and professors of Pakistan and so the people of the surrounding areas very happy and thankful to Ghurki family and other Philanthropists for providing them basic aadvanced health facilities. Especially the facilities of Orthopedics and spine surgery aremarkable projects. Thousands of patients, who lose their hopes, were treated in the Orthopedand spine surgery department under the supervision of Prof. Amer Aziz and now they are livia life with ease and less stress.

Social Value

The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital has created a lot of social value as the Ghurki TruTeaching Hospital is providing high quality medical care to the needy and less privilege

members of the society at a nominal or no cost at all. The needy and destitute is serveirrespective of their caste and creed.

The staff of the hospital has the same feeling and spirit of providing services as thChairman, Muhsin Bilal Ghurki, and Board of Trustees have for serving the society in the naof Allah and the increasing reputation of the organization is the true example of the hard wo


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and efforts of the Board of Trustees, administration and the medical staff. The senior doctors working shoulder to shoulder with the management to raise donations so that the daily operatioof the hospital could be run and new facilities like MRIs, CT scan machines etc. should beinstalled. The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital is a now a reliable name as it is showing 100results in its operations. The Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital has served the humanity for lathirteen years and it shows consistent positive results over the years. Technology is updatregularly and latest techniques are used for treatment to achieve positive results.

Hurdles

The Board of Trustees and other donors are donating millions of rupees every year to thospital. But as the number of departments and the number of patients coming for treatment

been increased over the years so these donations are now spent in the daily operations of thospital, therefore, for the commissioning of the mega project of spine center the hospital neemore than ten million rupees. For the spine center, MRI machines, CT scan machines, fioperation theaters and a rehabilitation center are required.

Further Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital has a plan to provide more facilities whicinclude Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, Rehabilitation and Limb Centre, Nursing schoand Narcotic Rehabilitation Centre. For all these projects, greater funds are required.


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Chiniot General Hospital FaisalabadMohammad Haleem Ahmed Magoon

Ahmed Younas and Taabeer Athar

Profile of Social Entrepreneur

Mohammad Haleem Ahmed Magoon was born on28th march 1952 in a small city of Chiniot, located

approximately 60 kilometers from the Metropolitan City of Faisalabad. Magoon family at thattime was one of the most illustrious and noble casts of the Chiniot Biradari(People born in

Chiniot but migrated to Indian states in the early 19th century to set up small business) and wewell renowned for their business ventures, especially trading yarn and cloth in the local anddomestic markets.

Philosophy

A business oriented Culture is the key to Human development and the development of the

society and idle human beings are but a burden on the society and its resources.

His father was an active trader of cotton yarn and had worked as a manager in variousbanks of Kolkata and Madras before partition. He has 3 brothers and 1 sister all of whom arewell settled and can be regarded as social entrepreneurs in their own regard because of theirwillingness and efforts in the fields of Children education and women empowerment. Accordinto Mr. Haleem Ahmed Magoon:

My Father did his matriculation and F.A from Chiniot and his education was the key to hissuccess. I also wanted to be successful and developed an interest in learning and gaining

knowledge following his footsteps. My father has indeed been the inspiration of everything I have

done and his philosophy was to strive for education because the educated never gets Obsolete.


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His Father moved to the metropolitan city of Lyallpur (at the time Faisalabad was calledLyallpur City) in 1962 in pursuit of thriving textile sector and to get better educationopportunities for his children. He became an active trader of Cotton yarn for textile Mills andmade large amounts of money but his ambition was to use the money for humanitarian purposeand serving the people and society. The ratio of poverty was high at the time and his desire toserve mankind had been aroused from the tyrannical and barbaric treatment of the Muslims at hands of their Hindu counterparts as innocent Muslims were slaughtered, hanged and evenbeaten to death on the streets and most of them did not have the money and resources fortreatment.

In 1968, his father laid the foundation of a welfare Society known as the MOFAD -E-AMMA, Chiniot Sheikh Association in Lyallpur which comprised of other senior members of

the Chiniot Biradari. The Aim of the society was to initiate projects for social welfare and creaawareness about the most pressing problems in the society. His father was appointed as thegeneral secretary of the society and its first initiative was to open a small dispensary thatprovided free medication and free health checkups for patients. The dispensary was one of thefirst of its kind at the time in Lyallpur as imported medicines were provided for newlydiscovered diseases such as T.B and Diabetes.

Haleem Magoon (Son of Mohammad Anwar Magoon) in those days was starting hismatriculation but accompanied his father to the dispensary on weekends and used to help instorage, distribution and even counting cash for the association. He was the eye witness towelfare service being provided by his father and uncles every day and this inculcated the spirithumanitarian service and serving the cause of the poor and disadvantaged people at a very earlage.

Haleem Ahmed Magoon completed I.com and B.com from the government municipalcollege in Lyallpur in 1969 and 1972 respectively and pursued for further studies. He wanted tbecome a self made individual and always wanted to pursue a professional career as result of

which he decided to become a chartered accountant and completed his chartered accountancy i1977 from The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) in Karachi. His thrive foeducation continued as he completed LLB from the Karachi University in 1981 and returned toFaisalabad to help his father in his business. His father retired from MOFAD-E-AMMA in 198due to illness and deteriorating health thus the responsibility of managing the welfare


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organization fell on his shoulders. Haleem Ahmed Magoon was appointed as secretary of theassociation.Motivation

Mr. Haleem Ahmed Magoon's father wanted to help poor and needy people by fulfillingtheir medical needs and was also concerned about the lack of medical support available for the

people. Haleem Ahmed Magoon saw his fathers efforts in giving medicines and free checkups

to patients at the dispensary and since then wanted to serve the cause of humanity to continue tlegacy of his family.

Haleem Ahmed Magoon wanted to promote welfare of a larger number of people andrealized medical health and provision facilities are amongst the most important benefits that cabe given to the poorer people. He realized that the dispensary could only cater to the needs of

few individuals and the general conditions required a large medical facility that could provide variety of medical services to the people. There were hardly any clinics or hospitals at the timeand diseases were spreading quickly as people were reporting cases of diabetics, blood pressurheart diseases and TB in large numbers. This made him realize that a medical hospital was theonly solution to the spreading diseases and this hospital would be designated for the poorersegments of the society who cannot afford health care and medical fees.

In 1983, he proposed to convert the dispensary into a hospital as the association hadsufficient funds and there was land available at cheap rates surrounding the dispensary. The idewas met with immense enthusiasm and members of the association initially purchased about 2kanals of land and donated it to the hospital in 1983, marking the beginning of the ChiniotGeneral Hospital Faisalabad.

The hospital remains a Hallmark of his willingness to promote health care and further thcause of his father in creating social welfare for the society. Haleem Ahmed maghoon hasdedicated the hospital to his fathers noble cause and considers him to be the real social

entrepreneur as he showed the fruits for the creation of the hospital by developing a small

medical dispensary.

Haleem Magoon said:My inspiration came from my father and brother but my motivation came from the success Al

Mighty Allah gave me in life because of the hospitals small efforts to serve the community.


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Achievements

Haleem Ahmed Magoon is a philanthropist, a social worker, an entrepreneur and a verysuccessful businessman. He has been part of the hospital management for the past 30 years andhas worked in virtually all departments because of his diverse education and background.

His biggest accolade was the hospital itself and his ability to continue his fathers

ambition of providing medical care to the disadvantaged people of the society. He wasresponsible for obtaining tax exemption for the hospital from the government in1990 andobtained a tax refund of 3.5lak rupees for the institution. He was unanimously selected as thepresident of MOFAD-E-AMMA in January 2012 on the basis of his contributions and has beenhired by the Chiniot education society as their Joint secretary in charge of Chiniot is Lamia

School, Faisalabad. He was given a certificate for extraordinary service by the trustees of Chinassociation in 2009.

Profile of Social Enterprise

Chiniot General Hospital Faisalabad is a welfare institution established by the MOFADE-AMMA, Chiniot Welfare Association of Faisalabad that came into existence in 1983 basedupon the vision of societys general secretary at the time Mr. Haleem Ahmed Magoon whowanted to facilitate the poorer people of the region in getting medical aid at affordable prices.

The hospital provides free medication, checkups, Surgery, tests, consultation andTransplant services to the poorer segments of the society who cannot afford these facilities.Amongst the Major services of the hospital are: Gynecology X-Rays Ultra Sounds Vaccinations Plastic Surgery Eye Surgery General Checkups and medication ECG Ortho Consultancy


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The hospital started off in 1983 as a very small and modest idea but slowly started to grow more donations in terms of land and money started coming in. Presently it is one of the biggeswelfare institutions in the city of Faisalabad. Currently it has two branches in Faisalabad, one Jinnah Colony and the other at Sargodha road both are equipped with the latest technologies anprofessional doctors.

The hospital operates as a Non-profit organization and the policy is to charge patients on thbasis of affordability and those who cannot even afford to pay the minimum of charges are givfree treatment and medication and are considered legible for Zakat. Expansion took place in2008-2009 as more land was donated to the hospital and a new hospital wing was built (Costinabout 4 Karore rupees, all financed by Mr. Naveed Yousaf Magoon and Mr. Gouhar Ijaz,

Chairman of APTIMA) which will provide facilities of General Operation, ICU and anEmergency department.

The wing currently is used to host medical camps for T.B patients and will become operativin 2014-2015.The management of the hospital recently invested in bringing the latest machinei.e. Ficomission ultrasound surgery for eyes and Japanese X-Ray machines with colored filmsalong with minimal Laboratory charges for tests such as sugar and T.B are very minimal. Thehospitals has continued to provide relief to millions of people and its aim is to serve the most

important causes of humanity for the sake of Allah and continue the legacy of the forefathers othe institution.

Vision

To become leading health care service providers and serve only for the cause of Allah and

humanity.

Mission

Chiniot General Hospital is a not-for-profit organization committed to become a centre excellence in terms of quality healthcare, meeting the highest achievable national andinternational standards at the most affordable cost, to the community, with compassion, love angenuine respect for the dignity of the suffering. The sole purpose is to serve mankind for theblessing of Almighty Allah.


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Objectives

To serve the cause of humanity in the Way of Allah To provide health care worthy of international standards at lowest possible charges To provide services through love, compassion and honesty using qualified professionals To create awareness about medical issues and ensure the practice of ethics, morality and

honesty in operations To provide services without any discrimination towards class, color or creed, solely for the

purpose of earning the blessings of Almighty Allah. Sources of Funding The hospital had limited funds when it was established and relied on small loans and

donations, where as doctors were willing to provide their services free of charge. Funds havincreased in recent years and major sources of funding now includes donations,subscriptions, income from fee charged to patients , Bait-ul-Maal funds and long termliabilities. These are the primary sources of hospitals funds and the most significant

contribution is made by donations as the hospital receives large amounts of donation moneyon a continuous basis due to its reputation and the noble cause being served in the way of Allah. The hospital does not rely on debt financing and waved off its long term loans in 20

because of adherence to Islamic principle and to abstain from interest charges (Sood )which are prohibited in Islamic Shariah.

The Hospital is growing and this creates a need for more revenue to finance the day to dayexpenditures but this is not a profit making organization and this has lead to an operating lofor several years.

Impact

The Hospital created social value by creating awareness about the issues relating tohealth care and diseases i.e. Diabetics, T.B, Obesity, Cancer etc which were unknown to manypeople at the time. It provided a source of inspiration for other welfare institutions andencouraged the society to recognize the needs of the poorer classes of the society.The hospital has reduced the widespread of diseases in rural areas around the Faisalabad distriand has improved the standard of living of the people by organizing medical awareness camps


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a weekly basis. Internal organization and the general public have the same consensus as theybelieve that Chiniot Hospital was the pioneer of social welfare programs for the poor people anits success can be attributed to the management of the hospital which has gained the credibilitytrust and belief of its donators by serving through integrity and honesty.

According to the president, Mr. Haleem Ahmed Magoon:

The hospital has a code of conduct which states the co re values that are to be followed in

operations.

These include:

Integrity Merit Safety Teamwork Innovation Dedication

The hospital provides facilities such as surgery, operations and Vaccination for the poorerpeople and these were once considered to be affordable only for the Middle-Upper incomesegment of the society. It is also symbol of the welfare spirit of the Chiniot Biradari and theirsocial work and has given the community a good reputation as being philanthropists and sociaworkers.

The concept of the Chiniot Hospital was replicated by several government institutions as wthat served to provide subsidized health care and surgery facilities for government officials andstandards of other hospitals were raised. Chiniot Hospital created an element of trust between astakeholders and encouraged medical students and doctors to give free treatment to patients atthe hospital rather than giving monetary donations. The hospital has created social value inseveral aspects and its impact can be witnessed in the surrounding rural areas.

Chiniot General Hospital has had an impact on all of its stakeholders and the impact hasbeen positive. The patients of the hospital are very satisfied as they are being given free medic


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facilities of good quality and certified by professional doctors. The employees of the hospital aconsidered as part of the management and most of them have been working at the hospital formore than a decade due to the friendly atmosphere, competitive wages, lack of unfairdiscrimination and flexible working hours. The employees are the biggest asset for themanagement and their commitment to the hospital is an indication of the hospitals management

policies.The community has a stake in the hospital and it believes that the hospital has created a

lot of awareness and has helped in improving their lives. Construction of the hospital has resulin development of schools, colleges, community centers, roads etc in adjacent areas of Jinnahcolony and this has increased welfare of the community. The government is also a stakeholderbut its role has not been very significant. The government was responsible for registering the

Welfare organization (MOFAD-E-AMMA) which developed the Chiniot hospital but collectedtax, despite the fact that the hospital was operating on non profit basis. However; the governmdid implement the policies of the Chiniot hospital in several public hospitals in Faisalabad.Achievements

The hospital provides a source of inspiration for government and private hospitals whohave initiated weekly TB and Gynea camps. In 2008; Pakistan centre for philanthropy evaluatethe Chiniot General Hospital credited the organization with a certificate of compliance in theareas of Internal Governance, Financial Management and Programme Delivery. The hospital hundergone a lot of expansion and has gained the trust and belief of so many people that its newwing (Costing in excess of 4 Karore rupees) was financed solely through donations and is one the few institutes with two branches within the city of Faisalabad. It is also considered as one toldest and largest welfare institution within the city as it has been operating for about 3 decadeand has one of the largest numbers of beneficiaries in terms of patient cases and fee waivers. Itthe only hospital that organizes Tuberculosis (TB), Gynea and eye treatment camps on a weeklbasis and has treated approximately 18786 patients suffering from TB from 2006 to 2011.

Hurdles

The hospital faced several hurdles as there were very few funds initially, since peoplestrust had not been developed and most of them were reluctant to give donations. Bank loans w


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obtained at very high rates. There was lack of government support as the government refused thospitals request f or providing land at subsidized rates for expansion.The government in fact collected income tax from the institution until 1990, despite recognizinit as a welfare institution. Hospital lacks manpower as Trustees are willing to donate money buare not willing to spend time as part of the management as a result there is a lack of efficiencyand extra work burden on the president and general secretary.

There are very few qualified doctors in Faisalabad district and professionals from othercities such as Lahore, Islamabad are not willing to travel and provide services on visiting basesDespite being a hospital for peoples welfare, it is often exploited by individuals who claim to be

incapable of paying even minor fees and declare them legible for Zakat just to get free medicatreatment. It is very difficult for the management to separate these people from those actually

worthy of Zakat or donations.


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Shaukat Khanum Memorial TrustImran Khan NiaziTaabeer Ather

Profile of the Social Entrepreneur

Imran Khan (Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi); wasborn on November 25, 1952 in Lahore. Imran isfrom the Niazi Pashtun Shermankhel tribe of Mianwali Pakistan. His family is settled in

Lahore Punjab, however, he still considershimself and his heritage Pakhtun (Pathan) as per his autobiography (Warrior Race: A Journthrough the Land of the Tribal Pathans).

Imran attended Atchison College and the Cathedral School in Lahore until he finishemiddle school. Then entered the Royal Grammar School, Worcester, before completing hformal schooling with an undergraduate degree in Economics from Keble College, Oxford.

While at University, Imran was also the captain of the Oxford University cricket team 1974. He and hi

Health Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

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