HEALTH - Employee Benefit Research Institute | EBRI · Web viewFronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger....

EBRI Publications by Topic1993–Present

Notes for using this table of contents: Point the cursor to the section you want to go to. Press “control” key and <<click>> the left mouse button to automatically go to section. Be sure to check BOTH Issue Briefs and EBRI Notes.

Table of ContentsHEALTH................................................................................................................................................................................3

Participation and Coverage................................................................................................................................................3

Issue Briefs.....................................................................................................................................................................3

Notes..............................................................................................................................................................................8

Reform.............................................................................................................................................................................15

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................15

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................17

Cost Management............................................................................................................................................................20

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................20

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................23

Expenditures.....................................................................................................................................................................27

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................27

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................28

Retiree Health Insurance..................................................................................................................................................28

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................28

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................29

Consumer-Driven Health Plans.......................................................................................................................................30

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................30

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................31

PENSIONS/RETIREMENT................................................................................................................................................33

Retirement Income...........................................................................................................................................................33

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................33

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................39

Participation and Coverage..............................................................................................................................................46

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................46

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................51

Assets and Funding..........................................................................................................................................................55

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................55

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................58

Reform.............................................................................................................................................................................61

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................61

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................62

Pension History................................................................................................................................................................63

5/30/2017

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................63

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................64

Target-Date Funds (TDFs)...............................................................................................................................................64

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................64

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................65

SOCIAL SECURITY...........................................................................................................................................................65

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................65

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................66

COMPENSATION..............................................................................................................................................................67

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................67

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................67

BENEFITS COSTS..............................................................................................................................................................68

Issue Briefs...................................................................................................................................................................68

Notes............................................................................................................................................................................68

2

HEALTHParticipation and Coverage

Issue BriefsFronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “The Impact of Offering Free Coverage on Enrollment

Choice and Risk Selection in an HSA-eligible Health Plan.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 435 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 12, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Savings Account Balances, Contributions, Distributions, and Investments, 2011-2016: Statistics from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 434 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 11, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Consumer Engagement in Health Care: Findings from the 2016 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 433 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 25, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Health Plan Switching: A Case Study—Implications for Private- and Public-Health-Insurance Exchanges and Increased Health Plan Choice.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 432 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 23, 2017).

Hall, Mark A., and Paul Fronstin. “Narrow Provider Networks for Employer Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 428 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 14, 2016).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Account Balances, Contributions, Distributions, and Other Vital Statistics, 2015: Estimates from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 427 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 29, 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “The Impact of an HSA-Eligible Health Plan on Health Care Services Use and Spending by Worker Income.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 425 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Findings from the 2015 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 421 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2015).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance Coverage: A Look at Changes Between 2013 and 2014 from the March 2014 and 2015 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 419 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Financial Incentives, Workplace Wellness Program Participation, and Utilization of Health Care Services and Spending.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 417 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Account Balances, Contributions, Distributions, and Other Vital Statistics, 2014: Estimates from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 416 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2015).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Financial Incentives and Workplace Wellness-Program Participation.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 412 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015).

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinter. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006–2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 409 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2015).


Adams, Nevin, and Dallas Salisbury. “’Crisis’ Management: Uncertainty and the Workplace.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 403 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2014).

Adams, Nevin, and Dallas Salisbury. “Employee Benefits: Today, Tomorrow, and Yesterday.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 401 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2014).

3

Fronstin, Paul. “HSA Balances, Contributions, Distributions, and Other Vital Statistics—A First Look at Data from the EBRI HSA Database on the 10th Anniversary of the HSA.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 400 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2014).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006–2013.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 395 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014).

Fronstin, Paul. “Findings from the 2013 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 393 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2013 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 390 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2013).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Health Care Spending after Adopting a Full-Replacement, High-Deductible Health Plan With a Health Savings Account: A Five-Year Study.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 388 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2013).

Fronstin, Paul. “Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Pregnancy: Health Spending Following the PPACA Adult-Dependent Mandate.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 385 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2013).


Fronstin, Paul. “Findings from the 2012 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 379 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2012).


Fronstin, Paul. “Private Health Insurance Exchanges and Defined Contribution Health Plans: Is It Déjà Vu All Over Again?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 373 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2012).

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits: Trends in Access and Coverage, 1997–2010.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 370 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2012).


Fronstin, Paul. “Findings From the 2011 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 365 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2011).


Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the 2007-2009 Recession on Workers’ Health Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 356 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2011).




Fronstin, Paul. “What Do We Really Know About Consumer-Driven Health Plans?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 345 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2010).

4

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006–2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 343 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010).

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the Recession on Employment-Based Health Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 342 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2010).

Blakely, Stephen. “Employers, Workers, and the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 339 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010).


Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the 2009 March Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 334 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2009).

Fronstin, Paul. “Findings From the 2008 EBRI Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 323 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, November 2008).


DiCenzo, Jodi, and Paul Fronstin. “Lessons From the Evolution of 401(k) Retirement Plans for Increased Consumerism in Health Care: An Application of Behavioral Research.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 320 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2008).

Fronstin, Paul, and Sara R. Collins. “Findings From the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 315 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2008).

Vitt, Lois A., and Ray Werntz. “Listening to Consumers: Values-Focused Health Benefits and Education.” EBRI Issue Brief #313 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2008).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2007 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief #310 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2007).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Updated Analysis of the March 2006 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief #305 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2007).

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits: Access and Coverage, 1988–2005.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 303 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2007).

Fronstin, Paul, and Sara R. Collins. “The 2nd Annual EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey, 2006: Early Experience With High-Deductible and Consumer-Driven Health Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 300 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2006).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2006 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 298 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2006).

Fronstin, Paul. “The Tax Treatment of Health Insurance and Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 294 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2006).

Fronstin, Paul, and Sara R. Collins. “Early Experience With High-Deductible and Consumer-Driven Health Plans: Findings From the EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 288 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2005).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2005 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 287 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2005).

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits: Trends in Access and Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 284 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2005).

Fronstin, Paul, and Jason Lee. “The Muskegon Access Health ‘Three-Share’ Plan: A Case History.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 282 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2005).

5

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2004 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 276 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2004).

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “Public Attitudes on the U.S. Health Care System: Findings From the Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 275 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2004).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Other Account-Based Health Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 273 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2004).


EBRI. “EBRI Research Highlights: Health Benefits.” EBRI Special Report SR-41/EBRI Issue Brief no. 257 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Small Employers and Health Benefits: Findings From the 2002 Small Employer Health Benefits Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 253 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2003).


Christensen, Rachel, Paul Fronstin, Karl Polzer, and Ray Werntz. “Employer Attitudes and Practices Affecting Health Benefits and the Uninsured.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 250 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October, 2002).

Tollen, Laura, and Robert M. Crane. “A Temporary Fix? Implications of the Move Away From Comprehensive Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 244 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2002).


Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits: Trends and Outlook.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 233 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2001).

Fronstin, Paul. “Defined Contribution Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 231 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2001).

Salisbury, Dallas. “EBRI Research Highlights: Retirement and Health Data.” EBRI Special Report SR-37/EBRI Issue Brief no. 229 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2001).


Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Small Employers and Health Benefits: Findings from the 2000 Small Employer Health Benefits Survey.” EBRI Special Report SR-35/EBRI Issue Brief no. 226 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2000).

Fronstin, Paul. “Counting the Uninsured: A Comparison of National Surveys.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 225 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2000).

Fronstin, Paul. “The Working Uninsured: Who They Are, How They Have Changed, and the Consequences of Being Uninsured.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 224 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2000).

Pincus, Jeremy. “Voluntary Long-Term Care Insurance: Best Practices for Increasing Employee Participation.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 221 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2000).

Pincus, Jeremy. “Employer-Sponsored Long-Term Care Insurance: Best Practices for Increasing Sponsorship.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 220 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2000).

Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1999 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 217 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2000).

6

Fronstin, Paul. “Public Attitudes on the U.S. Health Care System: Findings from the 1999 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 215 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1999).

Goldberg, Lawrence G. “Health Care Consolidation and the Changing Health Care Marketplace: A Review of the Literature and Issues.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 214 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1999).

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits: Who Is Offered Coverage vs. Who Takes It.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 213 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1999).

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Insurance: A Look at Tax Issues and Public Opinion.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 211 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1999).


Fronstin, Paul. “Features of Employment-Based Health Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 201 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1998).

Fronstin, Paul, and Jennifer Hicks. “Confidence in Health Care at What Cost? Results from the 1998 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 199 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1998).

Copeland, Craig. “Characteristics of the Nonelderly with Selected Sources of Health Insurance and Lengths of Uninsured Spells.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 198 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1998).

Copeland, Craig. “Issues of Quality and Consumer Rights in the Health Care Market.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 196 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1998).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Portability: COBRA Expansions and Job Mobility.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 194 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1998).

Copeland, Craig, and Bill Pierron. “Implications of ERISA for Health Benefits and the Number of Self-Funded ERISA Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 193 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1998).

Fronstin, Paul. "Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1997 Current Population Survey." EBRI Issue Brief no. 192 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1997).

Fronstin, Paul, and Craig Copeland. "Medicare on Life Support: Will It Survive?" EBRI Issue Brief no. 189 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1997).

Fronstin, Paul, and Bill Pierron. "Expanding Health Insurance for Children: Examining the Alternatives." EBRI Issue Brief no. 187 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1997).

Yakoboski, Paul. "Worker Displacement, 1993-1995: Demographics and Implications." EBRI Issue Brief no. 186 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1997).

Fronstin, Paul. "Trends in Health Insurance Coverage," EBRI Issue Brief no. 185 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1997).

Fronstin, Paul. "Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1996 Current Population Survey." EBRI Issue Brief no. 179 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1996).

Fronstin, Paul. "Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: A Look at Demand Management Programs." EBRI Issue Brief no. 177 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1996).

Fronstin, Paul, and Edina Rheem. "Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1995 Current Population Survey." EBRI Issue Brief no. 170 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1996).

Schmidt, Peter, Judy Mazo, Kala Ladenheim. "ERISA and Health Plans." EBRI Special Report SR-31/EBRI Issue Brief no. 167 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1995).

McDonnell, Ken. "Questions and Answers on Health Insurance Benefit Issues." EBRI Issue Brief no. 164 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1995).

Snider, Sarah. "Long-Term Care and the Private Insurance Market." EBRI Issue Brief no. 163 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1995).

7

Snider, Sarah, and Paul Fronstin. "Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1994 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-28/EBRI Issue Brief no. 158 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1995)

Yakoboski, Paul, Paul Fronstin, Sarah Snider, Annemarie Reilly, David Scheer, Bill Custer, and Sarah Boyce. "Employment-Based Health Benefits: Analysis of the April 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-24/Issue Brief no. 152 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1994).

Boyce, Sarah. "Questions and Answers on Employee Benefit Issues." EBRI Issue Brief no. 150 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994).

Saltford, Nancy, and Sarah Snider. "Characteristics of the Part-Time Work Force: Analysis of the March 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-22/Issue Brief no. 149 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994).

Snider, Sarah, and Sarah Boyce. "Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-20/Issue Brief no. 145 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1994).

Foley, Jill. "Flexible Benefits, Choice, and Work Force Diversity." EBRI Issue Brief no. 139 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1993).

Foley, Jill. “Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1992 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Special Report SR-16/EBRI Issue Brief no. 133 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1993).

NotesFronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Consumer Engagement in Health Care and Choice of Health

Plan: Differences Among Millennials, Baby Boomers, and Generation X Have Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 27, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul, and Lisa Greenwald. “Value of Workplace Benefits: Findings from the 2016 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 18, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Workers Like Their Benefits, Are Confident of Future Availability, But Dissatisfied With the Health Care System and Pessimistic About Future Access and Affordability.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, Oct. 19, 2016).

Fronstin, Paul. “Fewer Small Employers Offering Health Coverage; Large Employers Holding Steady.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).

Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: Recent Trends by Firm Size, 1996-2015.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage in California in 2013 and 2014, After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on Employment-based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2015 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Impact of Workplace Wellness-Program Participation on Medication Adherence.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2016): 2-6.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Worker Opinions About Employee Benefits: Differences Among Millennials, Baby Boomers, and Generation X Have Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2015): 12-20.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on the Value of Voluntary Workplace Benefits: Findings from the 2015 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2015): 2-12.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2015 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Most Workers Continue to Give Low Ratings to Health Care

8

System, but Declining Number Report Health Care Cost Increases.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2015): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Satisfaction With Health Coverage and Care: Findings from the 2014 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2015): 14-22.

Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: State Variation and Recent Trends by Firm Size, 1996-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2015): 2-10.

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Characteristics of the Population With Consumer-Driven and High-Deductible Health Plans, 2005-2014.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Reimbursement Arrangements and Health Savings Accounts, 2006-2014.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015): 17-25.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2014 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2015): 2-13.

Fronstin, Paul. “Maximizing Contributions to an HSA: Findings from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2015): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “What to Expect During Open-Enrollment Season: Findings From the SHRM/EBRI 2014 Health Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2014): 2-8.


Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2014 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Most Workers Continue to be Satisfied With Their Own Health Plan, but Growing Number Give Low Ratings to Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2014): 12-19.

Fronstin, Paul. “Satisfaction With Health Coverage and Care: Findings from the 2013 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2014): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Consumer Engagement Among HSA and HRA Enrollees: Findings from the 2013 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2014): 19-25.

Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Coverage for Part-Time Workers, 1999-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2014): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Characteristics of the Population With Consumer-Driven and High-Deductible Health Plans, 2005-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2014): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Reimbursement Arrangements and Health Savings Accounts, 2006-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2014): 12-20.

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “The Cost of Spousal Health Coverage.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2013 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013): 2-10.


Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2013 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Nearly 90% of Workers Satisfied With Their Own Health Plan, But 55% Give Low Ratings to Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2013): 2-8.

9

Fronstin, Paul. “Satisfaction With Health Coverage and Care: Findings from the 2012 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2013): 14-21.

Fronstin, Paul. “Tracking Health Insurance Coverage by Month: Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers, 1995-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2013): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Use of Health Care Services and Access Issues by Type of Health Plan: Findings from the EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2013): 13-20.

Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Coverage for Part-Time Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2013): 2-8.



Fronstin, Paul. “Views on Health Coverage and Retirement: Findings from the 2012 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2013): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2012 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2012): 2-11.

Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: State Variation and Recent Trends by Firm Size.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2012): 2-10.

Fronstin, Paul. “2012 Health Confidence Survey: Americans Remain Confident About Health Care, Concerned About Costs, Following Supreme Court Decision.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2012): 2-11.


Fronstin, Paul. “Health Plan Choice: Findings from the 2011 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2012): 10-16.


Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers, 1995-2011.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2012): 15-19.


Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Coverage for Part-Time Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2012): 19-25.

Fronstin, Paul. “Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements, 2006-2011.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2012): 9-16.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of PPACA on Employment-Based Health Coverage of Adult Children to Age 26.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2012): 2-6.

Fronstin, Paul. “Variation in Public Opinion on the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2011 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2011): 13-22.

10

Fronstin, Paul. “Public Opinion on the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings From the 2011 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2011): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Tracking Health Insurance Coverage by Month: Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers, 1995-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2011): 14-19.

Fronstin, Paul. “2011 Health Confidence Survey: Most Americans Unfamiliar With Key Aspect of Health Reform.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2011): 2-12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Union Status and Health Care Coverage of Workers: The Impact of the Recession.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011): 7-14.

Fronstin, Paul. “Tracking Health Insurance Coverage by Month: Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers, 1995-2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2011): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Characteristics of the CDHP Population, 2005-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2011): 15-21.

Young, Tracey. “Innovations in Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2011): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Employer and Worker Contributions to Account-Based Health Plans, 2006-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2011): 11-18.

Fronstin, Paul. “Who Tries to Find Objective Information on Health Care? Findings From the 2010 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2011): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Employer and Employee Reactions to Health Reform: Findings From the 2010 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey and the 2010 SHRM Organizations’ Response to Health Care Reform Poll.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2011): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Who Might Respond to Financial Incentives That Use Lower Cost Sharing to Change Behavior? Findings from the 2010 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2010): 13-18.

Fronstin, Paul. “Variation in Public Opinion About Health Reform, by Plan Type: Findings from the 2010 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no.11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010): 13-19.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the COBRA Premium Subsidy on Coverage.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2010): 10-14.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2010 Health Confidence Survey: Health Reform Does Not Increase Confidence in the Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010): 2–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Coverage of Dependent Children to Age 26 Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2010): 2–8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Examination of the Short-term Impact of the COBRA Premium Subsidy and Characteristics of the COBRA Population.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010): 8–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Tracking Health Insurance Coverage by Month: Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2010): 8–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Choice of Health Plan: Findings from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010): 2–9.

Fronstin, Paul. “What Do We Know About Enrollment in Consumer-Driven Health Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 11–13.

11

Fronstin, Paul. “Availability, Contributions, Account Balances, and Rollovers in Account-Based Health Plans, 2006–2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2009): 2–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Relationship Between Union Status and Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2009): 15–21.

Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Satisfaction and Confidence in Health Care, by Insurance and Health Status: Findings from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Health Confidence Survey.” ERBI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2009): 2–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage of Individuals Ages 55–64, 1994–2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2009): 2–10.

McDonnell, Ken. “The Basics of Medicare, Updated With the 2009 Board of Trustees Report.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009): 11–17.

Fronstin, Paul. “Consumer Engagement in Health Care: The Use of Lower Cost-Sharing.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, May 2009): 2–8.

MacDonald, John A. “Outlook for Consumer/Patient Engagement in Health Care—30 Years Into the Experiment.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2009): 2–8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Availability, Contributions, Account Balances, and Rollovers in Account-Based Health Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2008): 2–12.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “The 2008 Health Confidence Survey: Rising Costs Continue to Change the Way Americans Use the Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2008): 2–13.

McDonnell, Ken. “Domestic Partner Benefits: Facts and Background (September 2008 Update).” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2008): 10–14.

Fronstin, Paul. The Impact of Immigration on Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, 1994-2006.” EBRI Notes, no.8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2008): 2–9.

Ostuw, Richard. “Findings From the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey: Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2008): 2–5.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2007 Health Confidence Survey: Rising Health Care Costs Are Changing the Ways Americans Use the Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2007): 2–11.

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage of the Near Elderly, 1994-2005.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2007): 2–8.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2006 Health Confidence Survey: Dissatisfaction With Health Care System Doubles Since 1998.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2006): 2–10.

Medill, Colleen E., Richard L. Wiener, Brian H. Bornstein, and E. Kiernan McGorty. “How Readable Are Summary Plan Descriptions For Health Care Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2006): 2–10.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of Hours of Work on Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2006): 2–6.

MacDonald, John. “Survey of Consumer-Driven Health Plans Raises Key Issues.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2006): 2–9.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2005 Health Confidence Survey: Cost and Quality Not Linked.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2005): 2–10.

Fronstin, Paul. “Uninsured Unchanged in 2004, But Employment-Based Health Coverage Declined.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2005): 2–8.

MacDonald, John. “Retirement Income Security: A Look at Social Security, Employment-Based Retirement Plans, and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs).” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2005): 2–8.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of Immigration on Health Insurance Coverage in the United States.” EBRI Notes, no 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2005): 2–8.

12

Fronstin, Paul. “Union Status and Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no.5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2005): 2–6.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Relationship Between Income and Health Insurance: Rethinking the Use of Family Income in the Current Population Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2005): 2–6.

Fronstin, Paul. “Uninsured Rose in 2003 as Number of Americans With Employment-Based Health Benefits Declined.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2004): 2–8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Has There Been a Shift to Small Firms? The Impact of Firm Size on Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2004): 2–5.

Fronstin, Paul, Jim Jaffe, and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Medicare Program Takes On More Income-Related Features.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004): 1–4.

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage of Individuals Ages 55–64, 1994–2002.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2004): 6–16.

Fronstin, Paul. “Uninsured Rose in 2002 as Number of Americans With Employment-Based Health Benefits Declined.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2003): 1–6.

Helman, Ruth, and Rachel Christensen. “Findings From the 2003 Health Confidence Survey: Americans Increasingly Worried About Health Care Costs.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2003): 1-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Uninsured Up in 2001, Number With Job-Based Health Benefits Declines.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2002): 1–7.

Helman, Ruth, and Rachel Christensen. “Findings From the 2002 Health Confidence Survey: Five Years of HCS Data Show Little Change in Confidence or Satisfaction.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2002): 1–5.

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage and the Near Elderly, 2000.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2002): 5-9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Disability Income: Voluntary Employment-Based Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002): 7–10.

Christensen, Rachel. “Value of Benefits Constant in a Changing World: Findings from the 2001 EBRI/MGA Value of Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2002): 1–3.

Helman, Ruth, and Rachel Christensen. “Findings From the 2001 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2002): 1–6.

Fronstin, Paul. “Number of American With Job-Based Health Benefits Increased in 2000 While Uninsured Declined.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2001): 1–6.

Palmisano, Donald, and James Bentley. “Two Views on Defined Contribution Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2001): 1–5.

Blakely, Stephen. “Defined Contribution Health Benefits: The Next Evolution?” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2001): 1–9.

Christensen, Rachel. “Employment-Based Health Promotion and Wellness Programs.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2001): 1–6.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Findings From the 2000 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2001): 1–5.

Christensen, Rachel. “Privacy and Quality in Health Care.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2000): 1–10.

Fronstin, Paul. “Job-Based Health Benefits Continue to Rise While Uninsured Rate Declines.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2000): 1–7.

Blakely, Stephen. “The Economic Costs of the Uninsured.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2000): 1–4.

13

Copeland, Craig. “Nonelderly Individuals With Employment-Based and Individually Purchased Health Care Coverage.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2000): 3–7.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Health Insurance Coverage and the Near Elderly, 1998.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2000): 4-8.

Christensen, Rachel. “The 1996 MEPS-IC: 53 Percent of Private Sector Establishments Offered Health Insurance.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1999): 3-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Both Job-Based Health Coverage and Uninsured Continue to Rise, CPS Shows.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1999): 4-10.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Public Opinion on the U.S. Health Insurance System: Gender and Plan Type Comparisons.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1999): 4-7.

Blakely, Stephen. “Severing the Link Between Health Insurance and Employment.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1999): 1-5.

Copeland, Craig. “The Number of Individuals in Self-Funded ERISA Health Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1999): 4-7.

Copeland, Craig. “Union Status and Health Care Coverage of Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1999): 4-7.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Health Insurance Coverage and the Near Elderly, 1997.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1999): 4-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “64.2 Percent of Nonelderly Americans Have Employment-Based Health Insurance, 18.3 Percent Are Uninsured.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1998): 1-7.

Copeland, Craig. “Children and Health Insurance: Sources of Coverage, Spells Without Coverage, 1995.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1998): 1-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Portability and Job Lock: Findings from the 1998 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1998): 4-6.

Copeland, Craig. “Who Is Covered by ERISA for Health Benefits?” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1998): 7-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Access to Health Care and Satisfaction: Differences by Insurance Coverage and Insurance Type.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1998): 1-6.

Copeland, Craig. "Estimates of the Percentage of Employers Offering Self-Funded ERISA Health Plans and the Number of Participants in These Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1997): 4–8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Over 149 Million Nonelderly Americans Have Employment-Based Health Insurance, 41.4 Million Uninsured, According to March 1997 CPS.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1997): 1-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “44.5 Million Americans Uninsured and 187.2 Million Insured in 1996: An Analysis of the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1997): 6-9.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Sources of Health Insurance Coverage Among Part-Time Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1997): 5-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Insurance and the Changing Work Force.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1997): 1-3.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Access to and Sources of Health Insurance Coverage of the Near Elderly.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1997): 1-4.

Fronstin, Paul. “Characteristics of Uninsured Children.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1997): 1-5.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Health Insurance Continues To Be Most Valued Benefit According to Recent EBRI/Gallup Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1996): 9-12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Single-Parent Families, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1996): 5-8.

14

Fronstin, Paul. “Choice of Health Plans Among Full-Time Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1996): 1-3.

Fronstin, Paul. "Dual Sources of Health Insurance." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1996): 4–6.

Fronstin, Paul. "Near Elderly Differ from Other Age Cohorts in Health Insurance Coverage." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1996): 1–3.

Fronstin, Paul. "Over 162 Million Nonelderly Americans Insured, 39.4 Million Uninsured, According to March 1995 CPS." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1996): 3–5.

Rheem, Edina, and Paul Fronstin. "Cost Sharing in Employment-Based Health Insurance Likely to Increase Direct Coverage." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1995): 1–3.

Rheem, Edina, and Sarah Snider. "Near Elderly Differ from Other Age Groups in Health Insurance Coverage." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1995): 4–6.

Fronstin, Paul. "Children Without Health Insurance Coverage." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1995): 4–7.

McDonnell, Kenneth. "Benefit Participation High Among Employees of State and Local Government, According to Latest BLS Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1994): 3–5.

Scheer, David. "Workers Aged 21-30 Differ from Other Age Groups in Employment-Based Health Plan Participation." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1994): 4-7.

McDonnell, Ken. "Slight Increase in Benefit Participation in Small Private Establishments Indicated in Recent BLS Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994): 4-6.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Americans Have Conflicting Attitudes on U.S. Health System and Their Health Care, According to New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994): 6-7.

Boyce, Sarah E. "Dual Sources of Group Health Coverage and the Effects of Firm Size on Indirect Coverage." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1994): 1–4.

McDonnell, Ken. "Benefit Participation Low Among Small Independent Businesses, According to a Recent BLS Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1994): 5–6.

Snider, Sarah. "Near Elderly Differ from Other Age Cohorts in Sources of Health Insurance Coverage, According to March 1993 CPS." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994): 6–8.

Snider, Sarah. "38.5 Million Nonelderly Americans Uninsured, According to March 1993 CPS," EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1993): 1–7.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Public Attitudes on Health Benefits: Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993): 6.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Public Attitudes on Health Insurance: Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993): 9.

McDonnell, Ken. "BLS Survey Shows Decline in Group Health and Retirement Plan Participation." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1993): 6–8.

Reform

Issue BriefsHall, Mark A., and Paul Fronstin. “Narrow Provider Networks for Employer Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief

no. 428 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 14, 2016).Fronstin, Paul. “Sources of Health Insurance Coverage: A Look at Changes Between 2013 and 2014

from the March 2014 and 2015 Current Population Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 419 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015).

15







Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits and Taxation: Implications of Efforts to Reduce the Deficit and National Debt.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 360 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011).




Fronstin, Paul. “Implications of Health Reform for Retiree Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 338 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2010).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “The 2009 Health Confidence Survey: Public Opinion on Health Reform Varies; Strong Support for Insurance Market Reform and Public Plan Option, Mixed Response to Tax Cap.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 331 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009).

Fronstin, Paul, and Murray N. Ross. “Addressing Health Care Market Reform Through an Insurance Exchange: Essential Policy Components, the Public Plan Option, and Other Issues to Consider.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 330 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2009).

Fronstin, Paul. “Capping the Tax Exclusion for Employment-Based Health Coverage: Implications for Employers and Workers.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 325 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2009).

Fronstin, Paul. “Findings From the 2008 EBRI Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 323 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2008).



Pierron, William, and Paul Fronstin. “ERISA Pre-emption: Implication for Health Reform and Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 314 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2008).

Vitt, Lois, and Ray Werntz. “Listening to Consumers: Values-Focused Health Benefits and Education.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 313 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2008).

Fronstin, Paul, “The Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Have Employers Reached a Tipping Point?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 312 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2007).

16

Fronstin, Paul, and Dallas Salisbury. “Health Insurance and Taxes: Can Changing the Tax Treatment of Health Insurance Fix Our Health Care System?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 309 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2007).



Santa, John, and Mark Gibson. “Designing Benefits With Evidence in Mind.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 290 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2006).

Fronstin, Paul and Jason Lee. “The Muskegon Access Health “Three-Share” Plan: A Case History.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 282 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2005).

Jaffe, Jim, and Paul Fronstin. “Controlling Health Costs and Improving Health Care Quality for Retirees.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 278 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2005).


Jaffe, Jim. “Medicare Prescription Drugs: Making the New Program Work.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 270 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2004).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ray Werntz. “The “Business Case” For Investing in Employee Health: A Review of the Literature and Employer Self-Assessments.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 267 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2004).

Fronstin, Paul. “Tiered Networks for Hospital and Physician Health Care Services.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 260 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2003).

EBRI. “EBRI Research Highlights: Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 257/Special Report SR-41 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003).

Christensen, Rachel, Paul Fronstin, Karl Polzer, and Ray Werntz. “Employer Attitudes and Practices Affecting Health Benefits and the Uninsured.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 250 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October, 2002).

Fronstin, Paul. “Can “Consumerism” Slow the Rate of Health Benefit Cost Increases?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 247 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2002).

Nichols, Len M. “Can Defined Contribution Health Insurance Reduce Cost Growth?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 246 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002).


Fronstin, Paul. “Defined Contribution Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 231 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2001).

Fronstin, Paul. "Health Insurance Portability: Access and Affordability." EBRI Issue Brief no. 173 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1996).

Fronstin, Paul. "Portability of Health Insurance: COBRA Expansions and Small Group Market Reform." EBRI Issue Brief no. 166 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1995).

Custer, William. "Measuring the Quality of Health Care." EBRI Issue Brief no. 159 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1995).

Anderson, Kevin, and Harry Cain, II, William Custer, Helen Darling, William Dennis, Jr., David Hurd, Charles Inlander, Clark Kerr, James Lane, John Rother, Jerald Schenken, Peter A. Wilson. "The Changing Health Care Delivery System: An EBRI/ERF Policy Forum." EBRI Special Report SR-21/Issue Brief no. 148 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1994).

Custer, William. "Health Reform: Examining the Alternatives." EBRI Issue Brief no. 147 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994).

Foley, Jill. "The Role of the Health Care Sector in the U.S. Economy." EBRI Issue Brief no. 142 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1993).

Morrisey, Michael A. "Hospital Pricing: Cost Shifting and Competition." EBRI Issue Brief no. 137 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993).

17

Atkins, Larry, Selwyn Feinstein, Mark Gibson, Cynthia Hosay, Karen Ignagni, John Immerwahr, Masataka Kohda, Roger Taylor. "Making Choices: Rationing in the U.S. Health System." EBRI Issue Brief no. 136 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1993).

Custer, William. "Health Care Reform: Managed Competition and Beyond." EBRI Issue Brief no. 135 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993).

NotesBlakely, Stephen. “Health Experts Consider a Post-ACA World.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee

Benefit Research Institute, February 23, 2017).Fronstin, Paul. “Fewer Small Employers Offering Health Coverage; Large Employers Holding

Steady.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: Recent Trends by Firm Size, 1996-2015.” EBRI Notes, no.

7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).Fronstin, Paul. “Health Insurance Coverage in California in 2013 and 2014, After Implementation of

the Affordable Care Act.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2016).Blakely, Stephen. “The Excise Tax on High-Cost Health Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee

Benefit Research Institute, March 2016).Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Impact of Workplace Wellness-Program Participation

on Medication Adherence.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2016): 2-6.

Blakely, Stephen. “Evidence on Defined Contribution Health and Retirement Benefits: The Road Ahead.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2015): 13-24.

Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: State Variation and Recent Trends by Firm Size, 1996-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2015): 2-10.

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2014 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2015): 2-13.

Fronstin, Paul. “What to Expect During Open-Enrollment Season: Findings From the SHRM/EBRI 2014 Health Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2014): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Coverage for Part-Time Workers, 1999-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2014): 2-9.


Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2013 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013): 2-10.

Fronstin, Paul. “Tracking Health Insurance Coverage by Month: Trends in Employment-Based Coverage Among Workers, and Access to Coverage Among Uninsured Workers, 1995-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2013): 2-7.


Adams, Nevin. “’Post’ Script: What’s Next for Employment-Based Health Benefits?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2013): 16-26.

Fronstin, Paul. “Views on Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings from the 2012 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2012): 2-11.

Fronstin, Paul. “Self-Insured Health Plans: State Variation and Recent Trends by Firm Size.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2012): 2-10.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Savings Needed for Health Expenses for People Eligible for Medicare: Some Rare Good News.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2012): 2-7.

18


Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of PPACA on Employment-Based Health Coverage of Adult Children to Age 26.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2012): 2-6.

Fronstin, Paul. “Variation in Public Opinion on the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings From the 2011 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2011): 13-22.

Fronstin, Paul. “Public Opinion on the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings From the 2011 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2011): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “2011 Health Confidence Survey: Most Americans Unfamiliar With Key Aspect of Health Reform.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2011): 2-12.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “The Impact of Repealing PPACA on Savings Needed for Health Expenses for Persons Eligible for Medicare.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2011): 2-6.


Fronstin, Paul. “Employer and Employee Reactions to Health Reform: Findings From the 2010 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey and the 2010 SHRM Organizations’ Response to Health Care Reform Poll.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2011): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Variation in Public Opinion About Health Reform, by Plan Type: Findings from the 2010 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010): 13-19.


Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2010 Health Confidence Survey: Health Reform Does Not Increase Confidence in the Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010): 2-12.


Fronstin, Paul. “The Early Retiree Reinsurance Program: $5 Billion Will Last About Two Years.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010): 7-12.




Ostuw, Richard. “Findings From the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey: Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2008): 2–5.

MacDonald, John A. “The Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Will Employers Reach a Tipping Point?” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefits Research Institute, February 2008): 2–8.

Gordon, Michael S. “ERISA Pre-emption and Health Care Reform: A History Lesson.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2007): 7–9.


Fronstin, Paul, Jim Jaffe, and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Medicare Program Takes On More Income-Related Features.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004): 1–4.

19

Jaffe, Jim. “Evidenced Based Medicine: Putting Research Into Practice.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2004): 8–12.

Jaffe, Jim. “Evidence-Based Medicine: Implications for Consumer-Driven Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2003): 1–7.

Fronstin, Paul, and Diane Robertson. “Making Coverage Decisions.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003): 1–5.

Jaffe, Jim. “Consumer-Driven Health Benefits: A Continuing Evolution?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2002): 1–6.

Christensen, Rachel. “Disease Management Programs.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2002): 1–5.


Christensen, Rachel. “Privacy and Quality in Health Care.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2000): 1-11.

Conte, Christopher. “The Future of Medical Benefits: A Report on EBRI’s May 6, 1998, Policy Forum.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1998): 1-4.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Patient Access to Responsible Care Act of 1997: How Much Will It Cost?” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1998): 1-6.

Wu, Chen-Sen. "The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and the Long-Term Care Insurance Market." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1996): 1–2.

Fronstin, Paul. "Health Benefits in a Flat Tax World: Results from an EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1996): 4–5.

Salisbury, Dallas L., and Celia Silverman. "Social Security and Medicare Programs Face Reform." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994): 1–6.

Lind, Jessica. "Issues Surrounding Mental Health Benefits." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994): 1–5.

Murray, Kathy Stokes, Carolyn Piucci Pemberton, and Dallas Salisbury. "Environment for Health Reform." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1994): 1–8.

Snider, Sarah. "Corporate Innovations in Prenatal Health Promotion." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1994): 1–5.

Jones, Nora Super, and Kathy Stokes Murray. "Reflecting on 1993: Benefits Issues Take New Shape." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1994): 1–7.

Murray, Kathy Stokes. "Clinton’s Health Care Reform Proposal—Issues for Employers." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1993): 1–7.

McDonnell, Ken. "State Health Care Reform Initiatives." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993): 1–4.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Taxing Health Benefits: Whom Would It Impact?" EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1993): 1–6.

Cost Management




Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Health Plan Switching: A Case Study—Implications for Private- and Public-Health-Insurance Exchanges and Increased Health Plan Choice.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 432 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 23, 2017).

20

Hall, Mark A., and Paul Fronstin. “Narrow Provider Networks for Employer Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 428 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 14, 2016).






Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Financial Incentives and Workplace Wellness-Program Participation.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 412 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015).

Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006-2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 409 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2015).



Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Reference Pricing for Health Care Services: A New Twist on the Defined Contribution Concept in Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 398 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2014).

Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006-2013.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 395 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014).






Fronstin, Paul. “Employment-Based Health Benefits and Taxation: Implications of Efforts to Reduce the Deficit and National Debt.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 360 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011).

21

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the 2007-2009 Recession on Workers’ Health Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 356 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2011).



Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006-2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 343 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010).

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the Recession on Employment-Based Health Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 342 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2010).

Blakely, Stephen. “Employers, Workers and the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 339 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010).

Fronstin, Paul, and Murray N. Ross. “Addressing Health Care Market Reform Through an Insurance Exchange: Essential Policy Components, the Public Plan Option, and Other Issues to Consider.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 330 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2009).

Fronstin, Paul. “Capping the Tax Exclusion for Employment-Based Health Coverage: Implications for Employers and Workers.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 325 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2009).


Fronstin, Paul. “The Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Have Employers Reached a Tipping Point?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 312 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, December 2007).

Fronstin, Paul, and Dallas Salisbury. “Health Insurance and Taxes: Can Changing the Tax Treatment of Health Insurance Fix Our Health Care System?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 309 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2007).



Santa, John, and Mark Gibson. “Designing Benefits With Evidence in Mind.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 290 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2006).


Fronstin, Paul, and Jason Lee. “The Muskegon Access Health ‘Three-Share’ Plan: A Case History.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 282 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2005).


Fronstin, Paul, and Ray Werntz. “The ‘Business Case’ For Investing in Employee Health: A Review of the Literature and Employer Self-Assessments.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 267 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2004).

Sethi, Rachel Christensen. “Prescription Drugs: Recent Trends in Utilization, Expenditures, and Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 265 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2004).

Fronstin, Paul. “Tiered Networks for Hospital and Physician Health Care Services.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 260 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2003).

EBRI. “EBRI Research Highlights: Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 257/Special Report SR-41 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003).

22

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Small Employer and Health Benefits: Findings From the 2002 Small Employer Health Benefits Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 253 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2003).

Christensen, Rachel, Paul Fronstin, Karl Polzer, and Ray Werntz. “Employer Attitudes and Practices Affecting Health Benefits and the Uninsured.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 250 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2002).

Fronstin, Paul. “Can ‘Consumerism’ Slow the Rate of Health Benefit Cost Increases?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 247 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2002).

Nichols, Len M. “Can Defined Contribution Health Insurance Reduce Cost Growth?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 246 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002).


Vitt, Lois A., Jurg K. Siegenthaler, Linda Siegenthaler, Deanna M. Lyter, and Jamie Kent. “Consumer Health Care Finances and Education: Matters of Values.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 241 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2002).

Copeland, Craig. “Prescription Drugs: Issues of Cost, Coverage, and Quality.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 208 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1999).

Fronstin, Paul. "Issues in Mental Health Care Benefits: The Costs of Mental Health Parity." EBRI Issue Brief no. 182 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1997).

Morrisey, Michael A. "Hospital Cost Shifting, a Continuing Debate." EBRI Issue Brief no. 180 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1996).

Bluhm, William, William Thompson, Peter Perkins, and Donna Novak. "Financing Health Care Risk." EBRI Special Report SR-30/EBRI Issue Brief no. 165 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1995).

Fronstin, Paul. "Physician Practice in a Dynamic Environment: Implications for the Health Care System." EBRI Issue Brief no. 162 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1995).

Salisbury, Dallas L., and Carolyn P. Pemberton. "The Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits." EBRI Special Report SR-29/EBRI Issue Brief no. 161 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1995).

Fronstin, Paul. "The Effectiveness of Health Care Cost Management Strategies: A Review of the Evidence." EBRI Issue Brief no. 154 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1994).

Boyce, Sarah. "Questions & Answers on Employee Benefit Issues." EBRI Issue Brief no. 150 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994).

Anderson, Kevin, Harry Cain, II, William Custer, Helen Darling, William Dennis, Jr., David Hurd, Charles Inlander, Clark Kerr, James Lane, John Rother, Jerald Schenken, and Peter A. Wilson. "The Changing Health Care Delivery System: An EBRI/ERF Policy Forum." EBRI Special Report SR-21/EBRI Issue Brief no. 148 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1994).

Custer, William. "Health Reform: Examining the Alternatives." EBRI Issue Brief no. 147 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994).

Morrisey, Michael A. "Hospital Pricing: Cost Shifting and Competition." EBRI Issue Brief no. 137 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993).

Custer, William. "Health Care Reform: Managed Competition and Beyond." EBRI Issue Brief no. 135 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993).



Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Workers Like Their Benefits, Are Confident of Future Availability, But Dissatisfied With the Health Care System and Pessimistic About Future Access and Affordability.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, Oct. 19, 2016).

23

Blakely, Stephen. “The Excise Tax on High-Cost Health Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Impact of Workplace Wellness-Program Participation on Medication Adherence.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2016): 2-6.



Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2015 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Most Workers Continue to Give Low Ratings to Health Care System, but Declining Number Report Health Care Cost Increases.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2015): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “Investment Options and HSAs: Findings from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015): 2-9.


Blakely, Stephen. “Measured Matters: The Use of ‘Big Data’ in Employee Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015): 11-23.




Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2014 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Most Workers Continue to be Satisfied With Their Own Health Plan, but Growing Number Give Low Ratings to Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2014): 12-19.


Fronstin, Paul. “Lifetime Accumulations and Tax Savings from HSA Contributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2014): 2-8.


Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Brand-Name and Generic Prescription Drug Use After Adoption of a Full-Replacement, Consumer-Directed Health Plan With a Health Savings Account.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014): 2-8.




24

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “2013 Health and Voluntary Workplace Benefits Survey: Nearly 90% of Workers Satisfied With Their Own Health Plan, But 55% Give Low Ratings to Health Care System.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2013): 2-8.













Fronstin, Paul. “Who Tries to Find Objective Information on Health Care? Findings From the 2010 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2011): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul. “Who Might Respond to Financial Incentives That Use Lower Cost Sharing to Change Behavior? Findings from the 2010 Health Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2010): 13-18.



Fronstin, Paul. “Choice of Health Plan: Findings from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010): 2–9.


Fronstin, Paul. “Consumer Engagement in Health Care: The Use of Lower Cost-Sharing.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, May 2009): 2–8.

25



MacDonald, John A. “The Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Will Employers Reach a Tipping Point?” EBRI Issue Briefs no. 2 (Employee Benefits Research Institute, February 2008): 2–8.

McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits, 1950-2006.” EBRI Notes, No. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2008): 7–11.

Helman, Ruth, and Paul Fronstin. “2007 Health Confidence Survey: Rising Health Care Costs Are Changing the Ways Americans Use the Health Care System.” EBRI Notes no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2007): 2–11.


McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits: Health Costs Drive Changing Trends.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2005): 2–7.

Strunk, Bradley C., and Paul B. Ginsburg. “Tracking Health Care Costs: Spending Growth Slowdown Stalls in First Half of 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2004): 2–7.

Fronstin, Paul, Jim Jaffe, and Dallas Salisbury. “Medicare Program Takes On More Income-Related Features.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004): 1–4.

Sethi, Rachel Christensen, and Paul Fronstin. “National Health Spending Rose 9.3 Percent in 2002; Sixth Consecutive Year of Faster Growth.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2004): 1–6.

Helman, Ruth, and Rachel Christensen Sethi. “Findings From the 2003 Health Confidence Survey: Americans Increasingly Worried About Health Care Costs.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2003): 1–8.

Jaffe, Jim. “Evidence-Based Medicine: Implications for Consumer-Driven Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2003): 1–7.

Fronstin, Paul, and Diane Robertson. “Making Coverage Decisions.” EBRI Notes no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003): 1–5.

McDonnell, Ken. “Benefit Cost Comparisons Between State and Local Governments and Private-Sector Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2002): 6–9.

Jaffe, Jim. “Consumer-Driven Health Benefits: A Continuing Evolution?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2002): 1–6.

Christensen, Rachel. “Disease Management Programs.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2002): 1–5.

Palmisano, Donald, and James Bentley. “Two Views on Defined Contribution Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2001): 1–5.


Copeland, Craig. “Prescription Drugs: Continued Rapid Growth.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2000): 1–3.

Blakely, Stephen. “The Economic Costs of the Uninsured.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2000): 1–4.

McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2000): 5–7.

Fronstin, Paul, and Pamela Ostuw. “National Health Spending Up 5.6 Percent Between 1997 and 1998; Public Spending for Health Care Understated.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2000): 1–4.

Rheem, Edina. "Contingent Workers Accounted for Between 2 Percent and 5 Percent of Work Force in 1995." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1996): 1–4.

26

McDonnell, Ken. "Health Care Cost Management Strategies Among Small and Mid-Size Firms, 1995." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1995).

Fronstin, Paul. "Medical Savings Accounts: Issues to Consider." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1995).

McDonnell, Ken. "National Health Expenditures Reached $884.2 Billion in 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1995): 3–5.

Lind, Jessica. "Issues Surrounding Mental Health Benefits." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994): 1–5.

McDonnell, Ken. "Health Care Costs: Who Pays What?" EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994): 4–6.

Murray, Kathy Stokes. "Clinton’s Health Care Reform Proposal—Issues for Employers," EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1993): 1–7.

McDonnell, Ken. "State Health Care Reform Initiatives, 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993): 1–4.

Anzick, Michael A. "Future Solvency of Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds Remains Unclear." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993): 5–8.

Shinevar, Peter O. "The Family and Medical Leave Act and Multiemployer Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1993): 1–5.

McDonnell, Ken. "National Health Expenditures Projections Rise to 18 Percent of GDP by 2000." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993): 3–5.

Yakoboski, Paul. "Targets and Caps for Health Care Spending: The German Experience." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993): 1–3.

Kodama, Tomomi. "Competitiveness, Health Care Costs, and U.S. Business." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1993): 1–5.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Americans Divided on Willingness to Pay Tax on Health Benefits, According to Recent EBRI Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1993): 5–6.

Jones, Nora Super. "Benefits Issues Evolve in the 102nd Congress," EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1993): 1–5.

Expenditures

Issue BriefsBanerjee, Sudipto. “Change in Household Spending After Retirement: Results from a Longitudinal

Sample.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 420 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2015).Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Financial Incentives, Workplace Wellness Program

Participation, and Utilization of Health Care Services and Spending.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 417 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015).

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Utilization Patterns and Out-of-Pocket Expenses for Different Health Care Services Among American Retirees.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 411 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2015).

Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Reference Pricing for Health Care Services: A New Twist on the Defined Contribution Concept in Employment-Based Health Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 398 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2014).



Banerjee, Sudipto. “Income Composition, Income Trends, and Income Shortfalls of Older Households.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 383 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2013).

27

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Effects of Nursing Home Stays on Household Portfolios.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 372 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2012).

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Expenditure Patterns of Older Americans, 2001-2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 368 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2012).


Jaffe, Jim. “Medicare Prescription Drugs: Making the New Program Work.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 270 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2004).

Sethi, Rachel Christensen. “Prescription Drugs: Recent Trends in Utilization, Expenditures, and Coverage.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 265 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2004).


Copeland, Craig. “Prescription Drugs: Issues of Cost, Coverage, and Quality.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 208 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1999).

Fronstin, Paul, and Craig Copeland. “Medicare on Life Support: Will It Survive?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 189 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1997).

Foley, Jill. “The Role of the Health Care Sector in the U.S. Economy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 142 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1993).

NotesBanerjee, Sudipto. “Geographic Variation in Spending Among Older American Households.” EBRI

Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 21, 2017).Banerjee, Sudipto. “Differences in Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses of Older Single and Couple

Households.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2016): 7-15.Fronstin, Paul. “Investment Options and HSAs: Findings from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI

Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015): 2-9.Banerjee, Sudipto. “How Does Household Expenditure Change With Age for Older Americans?”

EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2014): 2-11.Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “The Cost of Spousal Health Coverage.” EBRI Notes,

no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014): 2-7.Fronstin, Paul. “Views on Health Coverage and Retirement: Findings from the 2012 Health

Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2013): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of Repealing PPACA on Savings Needed for Health Expenses for Persons Eligible for Medicare.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2011): 2-6.


Fronstin, Paul. “The Early Retiree Reinsurance Program: $5 Billion Will Last About Two Years.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010): 7–12.

McDonnell, Ken. “Tax Expenditures and Employee Benefits: Estimates from the FY 2011 Budget.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2010): 7–11.

McDonnell, Ken. “The Basics of Medicare, Updated With the 2009 Board of Trustees Report.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009): 11–17.

McDonnell, Ken. “Tax Expenditures and Employee Benefits: Estimates From the FY 2007 Budget.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2006): 8–10.

Fronstin, Paul. “National Health Spending Up 8.7 Percent Between 2000-2001: Spending for Health Care Will Continue to Grow.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2003): 1–4.

McDonnell, Ken. "National Health Expenditures Reached $884.2 Billion in 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1995): 3–5.

McDonnell, Ken. "National Health Expenditures Projections Rise to 18 Percent of GDP by 2000." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993): 3–5.

28

Retiree Health Insurance

Issue BriefsFronstin, Paul, and Nevin Adams. “Employment-Based Retiree Health Benefits: Trends in Access

and Coverage, 1997-2010.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 377 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2012).

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Funding Savings Needed for Health Expenses for Persons Eligible for Medicare.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 351 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2010).


Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Savings Needed to Fund Health Insurance and Health Care Expenses in Retirement: Findings from a Simulation Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 317 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2008).

Fronstin, Paul. “Savings Needed to Fund Health Insurance and Health Care Expenses in Retirement.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 295 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2006).

Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the Erosion of Retiree Health Benefits on Workers and Retirees.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 279 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2005).


Fronstin, Paul, and Dallas Salisbury. “Health Care Expenses in Retirement and the Use of Health Savings Accounts.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 271 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2004).

Fronstin, Paul, and Dallas Salisbury. “Retiree Health Benefits: Savings Needed to Fund Health Care in Retirement.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 254 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2003).

Fronstin, Paul. “Retiree Health Benefits: Trends and Outlook.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 236 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2001).

Fronstin, Paul. “Retiree Health Benefits: What the Changes May Mean for Future Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 175 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1996).

NotesFronstin, Paul, and Jack VanDerhei. “Savings Medicare Beneficiaries Need for Health Expenses:

Some Couples Could Need as Much as $350,000.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 31, 2017).

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Amount of Savings Needed for Health Expenses for People Eligible for Medicare: Unlike the Last Few Years, the News Is Not Good.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Amount of Savings Needed for Health Expenses for People Eligible for Medicare: Good News Not So Rare Anymore.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2014): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Amount of Savings Needed for Health Expenses for People Eligible for Medicare: More Rare Good News.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2013): 2-7.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Savings Needed for Health Expenses for People Eligible for Medicare: Some Rare Good News.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2012): 2-7.


Fronstin, Paul. “The Early Retiree Reinsurance Program: $5 Billion Will Last About Two Years.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010): 7–12.

29

Fronstin, Paul. “The Use of Health Savings Accounts for Health Care in Retirement.” EBRI Notes, no.4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2010): 2–12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Retiree Health Benefit Trends Among the Medicare-Eligible Population.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2010): 13-19.

Fronstin, Paul, Dallas Salisbury, and Jack VanDerhei. “Savings Needed for Health Expenses in Retirement: An Examination of Persons Ages 55 and 65 in 2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2009): 2-11.

Fronstin, Paul. “Saving for Health Care Expenses in Retirement: The Use of Health Savings Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no.8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2008): 10–13.

Fronstin, Paul. “The Availability of Retiree Health Insurance.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1995): 3-6.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Public Attitudes on Medicare and Retiree Health–Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1993): 8.

Consumer-Driven Health Plans



Fronstin, Paul. “Trends in Health Savings Account Balances, Contributions, Distributions, and Investments, 2011-2016: Statistics from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 434 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 11, 2017).






Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006-2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 409 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2015).


Fronstin, Paul, and M.Christopher Roebuck. “Quality of Health Care After Adopting a Full-Replacement, High-Deductible Health Plan With a Health Savings Account: A Five-Year Study.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 404 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2014).


30











Fronstin, Paul. “Health Savings Accounts and Health Reimbursement Arrangements: Assets, Account Balances, and Rollovers, 2006-2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 343 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010).


Fronstin, Paul. “Findings From the 2008 EBRI Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 323 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2008).







Fronstin, Paul. “Investment Options and HSAs: Findings from the EBRI HSA Database.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015): 2-9.

31


Fronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger. “Characteristics of the Population With Consumer-Driven and High-Deductible Health Plans, 2005-2014.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015): 2-7.




Fronstin, Paul. “Lifetime Accumulations and Tax Savings from HSA Contributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2014): 2-8.



Fronstin, Paul, and M. Christopher Roebuck. “Brand-Name and Generic Prescription Drug Use After Adoption of a Full-Replacement, Consumer-Directed Health Plan With a Health Savings Account.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014): 2-8.





Adams, Nevin. “’Post’ Script: What’s Next for Employment-Based Health Benefits?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2013): 16-26.






32


Fronstin, Paul. “Characteristics of the CDHP Population, 2005-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2011): 15-21.



Fronstin, Paul. “Variation in Public Opinion About Health Reform, by Plan Type: Findings from the 2010 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010): 13-19.

Fronstin, Paul. “Choice of Health Plan: Findings from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010): 2-9.

Fronstin, Paul. “What Do We Know About Enrollment in Consumer-Driven Health Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 11-15.

Fronstin, Paul. “Availability, Contributions, Account Balances, and Rollovers in Account-Based Health Plans, 2006-2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2009): 2-12.

Fronstin, Paul. “Consumer Engagement in Health Care: The Use of Lower Cost-Sharing.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2009): 2-8.

MacDonald, John A. “Outlook for Consumer/Patient Engagement in Health Care--30 Years into the Experiment.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2009): 2-8.

Fronstin, Paul. “Availability, Contributions, Account Balances, and Rollovers in Account-Based Health Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2008): 2-12.

Ostuw, Richard. “Findings From the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey: Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2008): 2-5.

MacDonald, John A. “Survey of Consumer-Driven Health Plans Raises Key Issues.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2006): 2-9.

Jaffe, Jim. “Evidence-Based Medicine: Implications for Consumer-Driven Health Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2003): 1-7.

Jaffe, Jim. “Consumer-Driven Health Benefits: A Continuing Evolution?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2002): 1-7.

PENSIONS/RETIREMENT

Retirement Income

Issue BriefsGreenwald, Lisa, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey:

Many Workers Lack Retirement Confidence and Feel Stressed About Retirement Preparations.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 431 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 21, 2017).

Banerjee, Sudipto. “How Does the Level of Household Savings Affect Preference for Immediate Annuities?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 430 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 8, 2017).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, Withdrawals, and Asset Allocation Longitudinal Results 2010-2014: The EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 429 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 17, 2017).

33

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate? Changes in 401(k) Plan Account Balances, 2010-2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 426 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, Sept. 8, 2016).

Copeland, Craig. “2014 Update of the EBRI IRA Database: IRA Balances, Contributions, Rollovers, Withdrawals, and Asset Allocation.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 424 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2016).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 423 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2016).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2016 Retirement Confidence Survey: Worker Confidence Stable, Retiree Confidence Continues to Increase.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 422 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2016).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate? Changes in 401(k) Account Balances, 2007-2013.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 418 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2015).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, and Rollovers, 2013; With Longitudinal Results 2010-2013: The EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 414 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2015 Retirement Confidence Survey: Having a Retirement Savings Plan a Key Factor in Americans’ Retirement Confidence.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 413 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Savings Shortfalls: Evidence from EBRI’s Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Issue Brief no. 410 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2015).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, Steven Bass, and AnnMarie Pino. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2013.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 408 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2014).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 406 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2014).


VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate? Changes in 401(k) Account Balances, 2007-2012.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 402 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2014).



Helman, Ruth, Nevin Adams, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Rebounds—for Those With Retirement Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 397 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014).

VanDerhei, Jack. “What Causes EBRI Retirement Readiness Ratings™ to Vary: Results from the 2014 Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Issue Brief no. 396 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2014).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2012.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 394 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “401(k) Participants in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: Changes in Account Balances, 2007-2011.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 391 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2013).

34

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of a Retirement Savings Account Cap.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 389 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2013).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Reality Checks: A Comparative Analysis of Future Benefits from Private-Sector, Voluntary-Enrollment 401(k) Plans vs. Stylized, Final-Average-Pay Defined Benefit and Cash Balance Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 387 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2013).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, and Rollovers, 2011: The EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 386 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2013).

Helman, Ruth, Nevin Adams, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2013 Retirement Confidence Survey: Perceived Savings Needs Outpace Reality for Many.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 384 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2013).


Banerjee, Sudipto. “Annuity and Lump-Sum Decisions in Defined Benefit Plans: The Role of Plan Rules.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 381 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2013).


Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 375 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2012).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, and Rollovers, 2010: The EBRI IRA Database.™” EBRI Issue Brief no. 371 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2012).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2012 Retirement Confidence Survey: Job Insecurity, Debt Weigh on Retirement Confidence, Savings.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 369 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2012).


Copeland, Craig. “Target-Date Fund Use in 401(k) Plans and the Persistence of Their Use, 2007-2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 361 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2011).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The Impact of Deferring Retirement Age on Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 358 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2011).

Park, Youngkyun. “Retirement Income Adequacy With Immediate and Longevity Annuities.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 357 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2011).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2011 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Drops to Record Lows, Reflecting ‘the New Normal’.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 355 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2011).

VanDerhei, Jack. “A Post-Crisis Assessment of Retirement Income Adequacy for Baby Boomers and Gen Xers.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 354 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2011).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, and Luis Alonso. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 350 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Lori Lucas. “The Impact of Auto-enrollment and Automatic Contribution Escalation on Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 349 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010).

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Balances and Contributions: An Overview of the EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 346 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The EBRI Retirement Readiness Rating:TM Retirement Income Preparation and Future Prospects.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 344 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010).

35

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of Automatic Enrollment in 401(k) Plans on Future Retirement Accumulations: A Simulation Study Based on Plan Design Modifications of Large Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 341 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2010).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2010 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Stabilizing, But Preparations Continue to Erode.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 340 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2010).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, and Luis Alonso. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2008.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 335 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2009).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances, With Market Adjustments to June 2009.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 333 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2009).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, and Luis Alonso. “What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 332-SR (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009).

Park, Youngkyun. “Plan Demographics, Participants’ Saving Behavior, and Target-Date Fund Investments.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 329 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2009).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2009 Retirement Confidence Survey: Economy Drives Confidence to Record Lows; Many Looking to Work Longer.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 328 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2009).

Copeland, Craig. “Use of Target-Date Funds in 401(k) Plans, 2007.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 327 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2009).

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of the Recent Financial Crisis on 401(k) Account Balances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 326 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2009).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Craig Copeland. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2007.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 324 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2008).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, Jack VanDerhei, and Dallas Salisbury. “EBRI 2008 Recent Retirees Survey: Report of Findings.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 319 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2008).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The Impact of PPA on Retirement Savings for 401(k) Participants.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 318 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2008).

Helman, Ruth, JackVanDerhei, and Craig Copeland. “The 2008 Retirement Confidence Survey©: Americans Much More Worried About Retirement, Health Costs a Big Concern.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 316 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2008).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation: Geographic Differences and Trends, 2006.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 311 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2007).

VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Craig Copeland, and Luis Alonso. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2006.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 308 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2007).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy After PPA and FAS 158: Part One—Plan Sponsors’ Reactions.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 307 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2007).

Helman, Ruth, Jack VanDerhei, and Craig Copeland. “Minority Workers Remain Confident About Retirement, Despite Lagging Preparations and False Expectations.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 306 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2007).

Helman, Ruth, Jack VanDerhei, and Craig Copeland. “The Retirement System in Transition: The 2007 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 304 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2007).

Copeland, Craig. “How Are New Retirees Doing Financially in Retirement?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 302 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2007).

DiCenzo, Jodi. “Behavioral Finance and Retirement Plan Contributions: How Participants Behave, and Prescriptive Solutions.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 301 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2007).

36


VanDerhei, Jack. “Measuring Retirement Income Adequacy: Calculating Realistic Income Replacement Rates.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 297 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2006).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 293 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2006).

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “Will More of Us Be Working Forever? The 2006 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 292 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2006).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Defined Benefit Plan Freezes: Who’s Affected, How Much, and Replacing Lost Accruals.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 291 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, March 2006).

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Retirees’ Perception of Their Standard of Living.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 289 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2006).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation: Geographic Differences and Trends, 2004.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 286 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2005).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Sarah Holden. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2004.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 285 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2005).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Sarah Holden. “The Influence of Automatic Enrollment, Catch-Up, and IRA Contributions on 401(k) Accumulations at Retirement.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 283 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005).

Copeland, Craig. “Comparing Social Security Reform Options.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 281 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2005).

Copeland, Craig. “Changes in Wealth for Americans Reaching or Just Past Normal Retirement Age.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 277 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2005).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Sarah Holden. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2003.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 272 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2004).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “ERISA At 30: The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments? What Will It Mean?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 269 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004).

Paladino, Variny, and Ruth Helman. “Will Americans Ever Become Savers? The 14th Retirement Confidence Survey, 2004.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 268 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2004).

Jaffe, Jim. “Americans’ Future Retirement Security: Implications of the EBRI-ERF Retirement Security Projection Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 266 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2004).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “Can America Afford Tomorrow’s Retirees: Results From the EBRI-ERF Retirement Security Projection Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 263 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2003).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement and Pension Plan Participation: Declining Levels and Geographic Differences.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 262 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2003).


Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 259 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2003).

EBRI. “EBRI Research Highlights: Retirement Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 258/Special Report SR-42 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2003).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2001.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 255 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2003).

37

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “Can 401(k) Accumulations Generate Significant Income for Future Retirees?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 251 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2002).

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Features, and the Standard of Living of Americans 55 or Older.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 248 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2002).

Miller, Lynn. “The Ongoing Growth of Defined Contribution and Individual Account Plans: Issues and Implications.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 243 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2002).

Fronstin, Paul. “Workers Displaced From Employment, 1997―1999: Implications for Employee Benefits and Income Security.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 242 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2002).

Rajnes, David. “State and Local Retirement Plans: Innovation and Renovation.” EBRI Special Report SR-38/EBRI Issue Brief no. 235 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2001).

Salisbury, Dallas, Teresa Turyn, and Ruth Helman. “EBRI 2001 Retirement Surveys: Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS), Minority RCS, and Small Employer Retirement Survey (SERS).” EBRI Issue Brief no. 234 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2001).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The Changing Face of Private Retirement Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 232 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2001).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 1999.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 230 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2001).


Bajtelsmit, Vickie L., and Nancy A. Jianakoplos. “Women and Pensions: A Decade of Progress?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 227 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2000).

Copeland, Craig, and Jack VanDerhei. “Personal Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 223 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2000).

Salisbury, Dallas L., Ruth Helman, Pamela Ostuw, and Paul Yakoboski. “Retirement Confidence Survey 2000: Including Results from the RCS Minority Survey and the Small Employer Retirement Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 222 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2000).

Yakoboski, Paul. “Retirement Plans, Personal Saving, and Saving Adequacy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 219 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2000).

Yakoboski, Paul, Pamela Ostuw, and Bill Pierron. “The 1999 Small Employer Retirement Survey: Building a Better Mousetrap Is Not Enough.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 212 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1999).

Copeland, Craig, Jack VanDerhei, and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Social Security Reform: Evaluating Current Proposals: Latest Results of the EBRI-SSASIM2 Policy Simulation Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 210 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1999).

Gruber, Jonathan, and David Wise. “Social Security, Retirement Incentives, and Retirement Behavior: An International Perspective.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 209 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1999).

Quinn, Joseph F. “Retirement Patterns and Bridge Jobs in the 1990s.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 206 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1999).

Olsen, Kelly A., and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Individual Social Security Accounts: Issues in Assessing Administrative Feasibility and Costs.” EBRI Special Report SR-34/EBRI Issue Brief no. 203 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1998).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Pamela Ostuw. “Small Employers and the Challenge of Sponsoring a Retirement Plan: Results of the 1998 Small Employer Retirement Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 202 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1998).

Yakoboski, Paul, Pamela Ostuw, and Jennifer Hicks. “What Is Your Savings Personality? The 1998 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 200 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1998).

38

Olsen, Kelly A., Jack VanDerhei, Dallas L. Salisbury, and Martin R. Holmer. “How Do Individual Social Security Accounts Stack Up? An Evaluation Using the EBRI-SSASIM2 Policy Simulation Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 195. (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1998).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Jennifer Dickemper. "Increased Saving but Little Planning: Results of the 1997 Retirement Confidence Survey." EBRI Issue Brief no. 191 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1997).

Salisbury, Dallas L., Ken McDonnell, and Edina Rheem. "The Changing World of Work and Employee Benefits." EBRI Issue Brief no.172 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1996).

Milne, Deborah, Jack VanDerhei, and Paul Yakoboski. "Participant Education: Actions and Outcomes." EBRI Issue Brief no. 169 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1996).

Milne, Deborah, Jack VanDerhei, and Paul Yakoboski. "Can We Save Enough to Retire? Participant Education in Defined Contribution Plans." EBRI Issue Brief no. 160 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1995).

EBRI and Public Agenda. "Promises to Keep: Leaders and the Public Look at Saving and Retirement." EBRI Issue Brief no. 157 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1995).

EBRI and Matthew Greenwald & Associates. "Retirement Confidence in America: Getting Ready for Tomorrow." EBRI Special Report SR-27/EBRI Issue Brief no. 156 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Annmarie Reilly. "Salary Reduction Plans and Individual Saving for Retirement." EBRI Issue Brief no. 155 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul, Paul Fronstin, Sarah Snider, Annmarie Reilly, David Scheer, Bill Custer, and Sarah Boyce. "Employment-Based Retirement Income Benefits: Analysis of the April 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-25/EBRI Issue Brief no. 153 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Celia Silverman. "Baby Boomers in Retirement: What Are Their Prospects?" EBRI Issue Brief no. 151 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1994).


Saltford, Nancy, and Sarah Snider. "Characteristics of the Part-Time Work Force–Analysis of the March 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-22/Issue Brief no. 149 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul. "Retirement Program Lump-Sum Distributions: Hundreds of Billions in Hidden Pension Income." EBRI Issue Brief no. 146 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1994).

Salisbury, Dallas L. "Pension Tax Expenditures: Are They Worth the Cost?" EBRI Issue Brief no. 134 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1993).

NotesCopeland, Craig. “Another Year After the Current Population Survey Redesign and More Questions

About the Survey’s Retirement Plan Participation Estimates.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 21, 2016).

Blakely, Stephen. “Reducing Retirement Savings Leakage.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2016).

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Trends in Retirement Satisfaction in the United States: Fewer Having a Great Time.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2016).

Copeland, Craig. “The Effect of the Current Population Survey Redesign on Retirement-Plan Participation Estimates.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2015): 2-11.


39

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Does the Probability of a ‘Successful’ Retirement Differ Between Participants in Final-Average Defined Benefit Plans and Voluntary Enrollment 401(k) Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015): 9-23.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation, 2013, and Longitudinal Results, 2010-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2015): 10-27.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Can Qualifying Longevity Annuity Contracts Improve Retirement Security?” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2015): 10-21.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Withdrawals in 2013 and Longitudinal Results, 2010-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2015): 2-13.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Auto-IRAs: How Much Would They Increase the Probability of ‘Successful’ Retirements and Decrease Retirement Deficits? Preliminary Evidence from EBRI’s Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2015): 11-29.

Copeland, Craig. “Examining the New Income Measures in the Current Population Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015): 8-15.

Blakely, Stephen. “Measured Matters: The Use of ‘Big Data’ in Employee Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015): 11-23.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Needs to be Saved for Retirement After Factoring In Post-Retirement Risks: Evidence from the EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015): 2-16.

Copeland, Craig. “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2015): 10-22.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation, 2012, and Longitudinal Results, 2010-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2014): 8-26.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Contributory ‘Negligence?’ The Impact of Future Contributions to Defined Contribution Plans on Retirement Income Adequacy for Gen Xers.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2014): 10-26.


VanDerhei, Jack. “’Short’ Falls: Who’s Most Likely to Come up Short in Retirement, and When?” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2014): 2-18.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Take it or Leave it? The Disposition of DC Accounts: Who Rolls Over into an IRA? Who Leaves Money in the Plan and Who Withdraws Cash?” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2014): 10-21.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Would Defined Contribution Participants React to Lifetime Income Illustrations? Evidence from the 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014): 9-15.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Withdrawals, 2011.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2014): 2-11.

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Role of Social Security, Defined Benefits, and Private Retirement Accounts in the Face of the Retirement Crisis.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014): 8-21.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Would it Take? Achieving Retirement Income Equivalency between Final-Average-Pay Defined Benefit Plan Accruals and Voluntary Enrollment 401(k) Plans in the Private Sector.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013): 11-23.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation, 2011.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2013): 8-22.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “How Does Household Income Change in the Ten Years Around Age 65?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2013): 9-15.

Adams, Nevin. “Decisions, Decisions: Choices That Affect Retirement Income Adequacy—EBRI’s 72nd Policy Forum.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2013): 8-22.

40

VanDerhei, Jack. “What a Sustained Low-yield Rate Environment Means for Retirement Income Adequacy: Results From the 2013 EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2013): 2-12.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “IRA Withdrawals: How Much, When, and Other Savings Behavior.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2013): 9-16.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation, 2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2013): 9-18.

VanDerhei, Jack, and Nevin Adams. “A Little Help: The Impact of On-line Calculators and Financial Advisors on Setting Adequate Retirement-Savings Targets: Evidence from the 2013 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2013): 2-15.

Copeland, Craig. “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2013): 2-15.

Banerjee, Sudipto, and Nevin Adams. “Tax Preferences and Mandates: Is the Danish Savings Experience Applicable to the United States?” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2013): 10-15.

VanDerhei, Jack. “All or Nothing? An Expanded Perspective on Retirement Readiness.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2012): 11-23.


VanDerhei, Jack. “Increasing Default Deferral Rates in Automatic Enrollment 401(k) Plans: The Impact on Retirement Savings Success in Plans With Automatic Escalation.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2012): 12-22.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Is Working to Age 70 Really the Answer for Retirement Income Adequacy?” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2012): 10-21.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Own-to-Rent Transitions and Changes in Housing Equity for Older Americans.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2012): 2-9.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Readiness Ratings and Retirement Savings Shortfalls for Gen Xers: The Impact of Eligibility for Participation in a 401(k) Plan.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2012): 9-21.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy for Boomers and Gen Xers: Evidence from the 2012 EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2012): 2-14.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Time Trends in Poverty for Older Americans Between 2001-2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2012): 10-17.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Modifying the Federal Tax Treatment of 401(k) Plan Contributions: Projected Impact on Participant Account Balances.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2012): 2-18.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Spending Adjustments Made By Older Americans to Save Money.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2012): 7-13.

Copeland, Craig. “Ownership of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and 401(k)-Type Plans, 1996-2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2011): 2-13.

Blakely, Stephen. “Is There a Future for Retirement?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2011): 13-21.

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Importance of Defined Benefit Plans for Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2011): 7-20.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Capping Tax-Preferred Retirement Contributions: Preliminary Evidence of the Impact of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform Recommendations.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011): 2-6.

Park, Youngkyun. “How Changes in Longevity Annuity Prices and Longevity Risk Affect Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2011): 8-17.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2011): 2-14.

41

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy: Alternative Thresholds and the Importance of Future Eligibility in Defined Contribution Retirement Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2011): 10-19.

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of Modifying the Exclusion of Employee Contributions for Retirement Savings Plans From Taxable Income: Results From the 2011 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2011): 2-10.

Park, Youngkyun. “Self-Reported Benefit Accrual Rates of Defined Benefit Plans: An Analysis of the 2004 and 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2011): 9-15.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data, 2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010): 2–12.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Savings Shortfalls for Today’s Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2010): 2-9.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy for Today’s Workers: How Certain, How Much Will It Cost, and How Does Eligibility for Participation in a Defined Contribution Plan Help?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010): 13–20.

MacDonald, John. “EBRI’s Spring Policy Forum: Retirement Income Adequacy—How Big Is the Gap and How Might the Market Respond?” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2010): 9–18.

Copeland, Craig. “Target-Date Fund Use Over Time.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010): 2–6.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population Age 65 and Over, 2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Total Individual Account Retirement Plan Assets, by Demographics, 2007, With Market Adjustments to March 2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2010): 2–11.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals Age 50 and Over: 2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2010): 12–18.

Copeland, Craig. “Employment Status of Workers Ages 55 or Older, 1987-2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2010): 2–7.

Park, Youngkyun. “Investment Behavior of Target-Date Fund Users Having Other Funds in 401(k) Plan Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 1–10.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation, 2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefits Research Institute, November 2009): 13–21.

Copeland, Craig. “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992–2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefits Research Institute, October 2009): 2–14.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: How Different Options Might Affect Future Funding.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2009): 13–18.

Copeland, Craig. “More Detail on Lump-Sum Distributions of Workers Who Have Left a Job, 2006.”EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009): 2–10.

Salisbury, Dallas, and Liz Buser. “Many 401(k) Sponsors Suspending Matching Contributions Are Funding Defined Benefit Pension Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2009): 12–13.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population Age 65 and Over, 2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2009): 9–14.

Park, Youngkyun. “Public Pension Plan Asset Allocations.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2009): 2–11.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2009): 2–12.

Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions at Job Change.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2009): 2–12.

42

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income Among Individuals Age 50 and Over: 2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November, 2008): 2–7.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets and Contributions, 2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2008): 2–9.

Salisbury, Dallas. “EBRI Policy Forum: Defined Contribution Plans in a Post-PPA Environment.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2008): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “The Number of Individual Account Retirement Plans Owned by American Families.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2008): 6–10.

Copeland, Craig. “Ownership of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and 401(k)-Type Plans.” EBRI Notes, no 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2008): 2–12.

Copeland, Craig. “Total Individual Account Retirement Plan Assets, by Demographics, 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2008): 2–9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals Age 50 and Over: 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2008): 2–9.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets and Contributions, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2007): 2–9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population Age 65 and Over, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2007): 10–15.

Copeland, Craig. “401(k)-Type Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2007): 2–13.

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Expected Impact of Automatic Escalation of 401(k) Contributions on Retirement Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2007): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Employment Status of Workers Ages 55 or Older.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2007): 2–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Labor-Force Participation: The Population Age 55 and Older.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2007): 2–8.


Copeland, Craig. “Pension Income of the Elderly and Characteristics of Their Former Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2007): 2–7.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals Age 50 and Over: 2005.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2007): 8–13.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation, 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2007): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets, Contributions, and Market Share.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2007): 8–14.

MacDonald, John A. “Survey Finds Federal Workers Share Poor Retirement Planning With All Workers, but Have More Savings.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2006): 2–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992-2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2006): 2–13.

MacDonald, John A. “The Employment-Based Pension System: Evolution or Revolution?” EBRI Notes, no 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2006): 2–9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals Ages 50 and Over: 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2006): 6-11.

Yakoboski, Paul. “Retirement Plans and Retirement Confidence in Higher Education.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2006): 2–5.

43

Copeland, Craig. “IRA and Keogh Assets and Contributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2006): 2–9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population, Age 65 and Over, 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2006): 9–14.

Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2005): 7–17.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2005): 2–12.


Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: The Importance of Disability Insurance and Annuities in Individual Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005): 2–13.

Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure: Stable Overall, But Male and Female Trends Differ.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2005): 2–10.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2005): 7–14.

Copeland, Craig. “401(k)-Type Plan and IRA Ownership.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2005): 2–8.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2003.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2005): 9–14.

Jaffe, Jim. “The Ticking Retirement Time Bomb: What State Governments Can Do.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2004): 2–9.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Measuring Retirement Income Adequacy, Part One: Traditional Replacement Ratios and Results for Workers at Large Companies.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2004): 2–12.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA and Keogh Assets and Contributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2004): 6–14.

Jaffe, Jim. “The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments: What Will It Mean?” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2004): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Accounts and Wealth, 2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004): 5–12.

Copeland, Craig. “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992–2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2004): 1–13.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA and Keogh Assets.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2004): 1–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2004): 1–11.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2003): 4–9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2002.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2003): 7–10.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Findings From the 2003 Small Employer Retirement Survey (SERS).” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2003): 1-6.

Paladino, Variny, and Ruth Helman. “Findings From the 2003 Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS) and Minority RCS.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2003): 1―6.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2003): 4―8.

Jaffe, Jim. “Will Today’s Workers Retire With Adequate Income? How Are Today’s Retirees Surviving From a Financial Perspective?” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2003): 1–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirees With Pension Income and Characteristics of Their Former Job.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2003): 1–9.

44

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2003): 1–6.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets and Characteristics of IRA Owners.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2002): 1–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions: An Update.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2002): 1–8.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA and 401(k)-Type Plan Ownership.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002): 1–6.

Rajnes, David. “Defined Contribution Plans With Rate-of-Return Guarantees.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2002): 1–10.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2002): 5–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security: Unemployment and Immigration.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2002): 1–4.

Copeland, Craig. “Pension Plan Participation Continued to Rise in 2000―What Next?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2002): 4–7.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2001): 5–9.

Copeland, Craig. “Pension Participation: February 2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2001): 1–4.

Rajnes, David. “Phased Retirement: Leaving the Labor Force.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2001): 1–7.

McDonnell, Ken. “Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2001): 6–10.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Retired Population.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2001): 5–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Characteristics of Individual Retirement Account Owners.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2001): 1–4.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security: Not All Reform Approaches Are Equal.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2001): 1–5.

Turyn, Teresa L., and Ruth Helman. “Women on Savings and Retirement: Results From the 2000 Women’s Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2001): 1–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Full-Time, Full-Year Workers Ages 18–64.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2001): 1–4.

Copeland, Craig. “The Impact of Workers’ Earnings Profiles on Individual Account Accumulation.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2000): 1–5.

EBRI. “Value of Benefits Constant in a Changing Job Environment: The 1999 WorldatWork/EBRI Value of Benefits Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2000): 5–6.

Copeland, Craig. “Evaluating the Archer-Shaw Social Security Proposal.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2000): 1–5.

Yakoboski, Paul. “IRA Assets Total More Than $2 Trillion.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2000): 1–2.

Fronstin, Paul. "IRA and Keogh Assets Grew by 16 Percent During 1996." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1997): 1–3.

Conte, Christopher. "Retirement Prospects in a Defined Contribution World: A Report on EBRI's April 30, 1997, Policy Forum." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1997): 1–4.

Olsen, Kelly. "Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1997): 4–6.

Yakoboski, Paul. "Understanding the Income of the Older Population." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1996): 1–3.

45

Yakoboski, Paul. "Salary Reduction Arrangements as Primary Retirement Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1995): 1–3.

Salisbury, Dallas L. "Employee Benefits in a Flat Tax or Consumption Tax World." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1995): 1–11.

Campbell, Sharyn. "Sources of Income of the Elderly Population." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1995): 4–7.

Berg, Olena. "DOL to Launch Savings and Pension Education Campaign." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1995): 1–3.

Conte, Chris. "Department of Labor Plans to Guide, Not Regulate, Employers in Providing Investment Education." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1995): 1–3.

Murray, Kathy Stokes, and Paul Yakoboski. "Congress Considers IRA Expansion." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1995): 1–5.

Salisbury, Dallas L. "The Future Role of Pensions in Savings and Retirement Income." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1995): 1–3.

Salisbury, Dallas L. "The Changing Employer Role in Retirement Security." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1995): 1–3.

Salisbury, Dallas L. "Work Force Patterns and Pensions." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1995): 1–3.

Greenwald, Mathew, and Paul Yakoboski. "Most Americans Are Confident About Retirement Security; Sizable Numbers Are Not." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1994): 1–3.

Fronstin, Paul, and Celia Silverman. "IRA and Keogh Assets Grew 19 Percent During 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1994): 1–3.

Silverman, Celia. "Factors Influencing Employer Contributions to Defined Benefit Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994): 1–4.

Silverman, Celia. "Income of the Elderly Continues to Change." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1994): 5–8.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Majority of Americans Support Social Security, But Confidence Is Low, According to New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994): 10.


Boyce, Sarah. "Pensions and Social Security Income, 1984–1991." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1994): 9–10.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Americans Are Saving for Retirement at Early Ages, According to New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1994): 12.

Silverman, Celia. "IRA and Keogh Assets Reach $775 Billion at Year-End 1992." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993): 5.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Public Attitudes on Retirement Planning–Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1993): 9.

Yakoboski, Paul. "New Evidence on Lump-Sum Distributions and Rollover Activity." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1993): 6–8.

Yakoboski, Paul. "Worker Attitudes Toward Retirement Financial Planning." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1993): 1–4.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Public Attitudes on Investment Preferences–Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993): 7.

VanDerhei, Jack. "Implications of Lowering the Compensation Limit for Qualified Retirement Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993): 1–4.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Public Attitudes on Social Security, Results of Recent EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1993): 6.

Jones, Nora Super. "Benefits Issues Evolve in the 102nd Congress." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1993): 1–5.

46

Participation and Coverage

Issue BriefsGreenwald, Lisa, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey:

Many Workers Lack Retirement Confidence and Feel Stressed About Retirement Preparations.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 431 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 21, 2017).

Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, Withdrawals, and Asset Allocation Longitudinal Results 2010-2014: The EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 429 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 17, 2017).




Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2016 Retirement Confidence Survey: Worker Confidence Stable, Retiree Confidence Continues to Increase.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 422 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2016).



Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2015 Retirement Confidence Survey: Having a Retirement Savings Plan a Key Factor in Americans’ Retirement Confidence.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 413 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015).


Copeland, Craig. “Individual Account Retirement Plans: An Analysis of the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 406 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2014).





Helman, Ruth, Nevin Adams, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Rebounds—for Those With Retirement Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 397 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014).

47




VanDerhei, Jack. “Reality Checks: A Comparative Analysis of Future Benefits from Private-Sector, Voluntary-Enrollment 401(k) Plans vs. Stylized, Final-Average-Pay Defined Benefit and Cash Balance Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 387 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2013).


Helman, Ruth, Nevin Adams, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2013 Retirement Confidence Survey: Perceived Savings Needs Outpace Reality for Many.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 384 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2013).

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Annuity and Lump-Sum Decisions in Defined Benefit Plans: The Role of Plan Rules.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 381 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2013).




Adams, Nevin. “’After’ Math: The Impact and Influence of Incentives on Benefit Policy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 374 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2012).


Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2012 Retirement Confidence Survey: Job Insecurity, Debt Weigh on Retirement Confidence, Savings.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 369 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2012).




Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2011 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Drops to Record Lows, Reflecting ‘the New Normal’.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 355 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2011).


VanDerhei, Jack, and Lori Lucas. “The Impact of Auto-enrollment and Automatic Contribution Escalation on Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 349 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010).


48

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Balances and Contributions: An Overview of the EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 346 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The EBRI Retirement Readiness Rating:TM Retirement Income Preparation and Future Prospects.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 344 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010).


Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2010 Retirement Confidence Survey: Confidence Stabilizing, But Preparations Continue to Erode.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 340 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2010).


VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, and Luis Alonso. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2008.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 335 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October, 2009).




Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “The 2009 Retirement Confidence Survey: Economy Drives Confidence to Record Lows; Many Looking to Work Longer.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 328 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2009).




Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, Jack VanDerhei, and Dallas Salisbury. “EBRI 2008 Recent Retirees Survey: Report of Findings.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 319 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2008).



Helman, Ruth, Jack VanDerhei, and Craig Copeland. “Minority Workers Remain Confident About Retirement, Despite Lagging Preparations and False Expectations.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 306 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2007).

Helman, Ruth, Jack VanDerhei, and Craig Copeland. “The Retirement System in Transition: The 2007 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 304 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2007).


Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2005.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 296 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August, 2006).


49

Helman, Ruth, Craig Copeland, and Jack VanDerhei. “Will More of Us Be Working Forever? The 2006 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 292 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2006).

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Retirees’ Perception of Their Standard of Living.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 289 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2006).



VanDerhei, Jack, and Sarah Holden. “The Influence of Automatic Enrollment, Catch-Up, and IRA Contributions on 401(k) Accumulations at Retirement.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 283 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation: Geographic Differences and Trends.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 274 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2004).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Sarah Holden. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2003.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 272 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2004).

VanDerhei, Jack and Craig Copeland. “ERISA At 30: The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments? What Will It Mean?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 269 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2004).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement and Pension Plan Participation: Declining Levels and Geographic Differences.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 262 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2003).


EBRI. “EBRI Research Highlights: Retirement Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 258/Special Report SR-42 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2003).

Copeland, Craig. “Employment-Based Retirement and Pension Plan Participation: Geographic Differences and Trends.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 256 (Employment Benefit Research Institute, April 2003).



Rajnes, David. “An Evolving Pension System: Trends in Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 249 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2002).

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Features, and the Standard of Living of Americans 55 or Older.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 248 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2002).

Copeland, Craig. “An Analysis of the Retirement and Pension Plan Coverage Topical Module of SIPP.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 245 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2002).

Miller, Lynn. “The Ongoing Growth of Defined Contribution and Individual Account Plans: Issues and Implications.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 243 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2002).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “Contribution Behavior of 401(k) Plan Participants.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 238 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2001).


Salisbury, Dallas, Teresa Turyn, and Ruth Helman. “EBRI 2001 Retirement Surveys: Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS), Minority RCS, and Small Employer Retirement Survey (SERS).” EBRI Issue Brief no. 234 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2001).

VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The Changing Face of Private Retirement Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 232 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2001).

50


Bajtelsmit, Vickie L., and Nancy A. Jianakoplos. “Women and Pensions: A Decade of Progress?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 227 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2000).


Salisbury, Dallas L., Ruth Helman, Pamela Ostuw, and Paul Yakoboski. “Retirement Confidence Survey 2000 – Including Results from the RCS Minority Survey and the Small Employer Retirement Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 222 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2000).

Ostuw, Pamela, Bill Pierron, and Paul Yakoboski. “The Evolution of Retirement: Results of the 1999 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 216 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1999).

Copeland, Craig, Paul Fronstin, Pamela Ostuw, and Paul Yakoboski. “Contingent Workers and Workers in Alternative Work Arrangements.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 207 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1999).

Yakoboski, Paul. “Debunking the Retirement Policy Myth: Lifetime Jobs Never Existed for Most Workers.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 197 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1998).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Jack VanDerhei. "Worker Investment Decisions: An Analysis of Large 401(k) Plan Data." EBRI Issue Brief no. 176 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1996).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Jack VanDerhei. "Contribution Rates and Plan Features: An Analysis of Large 401(k) Plan Data." EBRI Issue Brief no. 174 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1996).

Campbell, Sharyn. "Hybrid Retirement Plans: The Retirement Income System Continues to Evolve." EBRI Special Report SR-29/EBRI Issue Brief no. 171 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1996).

Milne, Deborah, Jack VanDerhei, and Paul Yakoboski. "Participant Education: Actions and Outcomes." EBRI Issue Brief no. 169 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1996).

Yakoboski, Paul, Paul Fronstin, Sarah Snider, Annmarie Reilly, David Scheer, Bill Custer, and Sarah Boyce. "Employment-Based Retirement Income Benefits: Analysis of the April 1993 Current Population Survey." EBRI Special Report SR-25/Issue Brief no. 153 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Celia Silverman. "Baby Boomers in Retirement: What Are Their Prospects?" EBRI Special Report SR- 23/Issue Brief no. 151 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1994).

Boyce, Sarah. "Questions and Answers on Employment Benefit Issues." EBRI Issue Brief no. 150 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994).

Saltford, Nancy, and Sarah Snider. "Characteristics of the Part-Time Work Force." EBRI Special Report SR-22/Issue Brief no. 149 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994).

Yakoboski, Paul, and Sarah Boyce. "Pension Coverage and Participation Growth: A New Look at Primary and Supplemental Plans." EBRI Issue Brief no. 144 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1993).

Silverman, Celia. "Pension Evolution in a Changing Economy." EBRI Special Report SR-17/Issue Brief no. 141 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993).

Anzick, Michael. "Demographics and Employment Shifts: Implications for Benefits and Economic Security." EBRI Issue Brief no. 140 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1993).

NotesCopeland, Craig. “Importance of Individual Account Retirement Plans and Home Equity in Family

Total Wealth.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 16, 2017).Copeland, Craig. “Another Year After the Current Population Survey Redesign and More Questions

About the Survey’s Retirement Plan Participation Estimates.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 21, 2016).

51

Blakely, Stephen. “Reducing Retirement Savings Leakage.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2016).

Blakely, Stephen. “What Moves the Retirement Readiness Needle: Quantification of Risk and Evaluation of New Proposals.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2016).

Fronstin, Paul, and Ruth Helman. “Worker Opinions About Employee Benefits: Differences Among Millennials, Baby Boomers, and Generation X Have Implications for Plan Sponsors.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2015): 12-20.

Copeland, Craig. “The Effect of the Current Population Survey Redesign on Retirement-Plan Participation Estimates.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2015): 2-11.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Does the Probability of a ‘Successful’ Retirement Differ Between Participants in Final-Average Defined Benefit Plans and Voluntary Enrollment 401(k) Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015): 9-23.



VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Needs to be Saved for Retirement After Factoring In Post-Retirement Risks: Evidence from the EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015): 2-16.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “The Gap Between Expected and Actual Retirement: Evidence From Longitudinal Data.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2014): 10-22.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Contributory ‘Negligence?’ The Impact of Future Contributions to Defined Contribution Plans on Retirement Income Adequacy for Gen Xers.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2014): 10-26.

Copeland, Craig. “Labor-force Participation Rates of the Population Ages 55 and Older, 2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2014): 9–17.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Would Defined Contribution Participants React to Lifetime Income Illustrations? Evidence from the 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2014): 9-15.


Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data, 2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2013): 2–13.






52

Copeland, Craig. “Labor-force Participation Rates of the Population Age 55 and Older, 2011: After the Economic Downturn.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2012): 2–8.



VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy: Alternative Thresholds and the Importance of Future Eligibility in Defined Contribution Retirement Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2011): 10-19.

Copeland, Craig. “Labor-Force Participation Rates of the Population Age 55 and Older: What Did the Recession Do to the Trends?” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2011): 8–16.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data, 2009.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010): 2–12.




Copeland, Craig. “Employment Status of Workers Ages 55 or Older, 1987-2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2010): 2–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Labor Force Participation Rates: The Population Age 55 and Older, 2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2010): 10–17.

Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure, 2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2010): 2–13.

Park, Youngkyun. “Investment Behavior of Target-Date Fund Users Having Other Funds in 401(k) Plan Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 1–10.


Copeland, Craig. “More Detail on Lump-Sum Distributions of Workers Who Have Left a Job, 2006.”EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009): 2–10.


Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2009): 2–12.


Salisbury, Dallas. “EBRI Policy Forum: Defined Contribution Plans in a Post-PPA Environment.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2008): 2–8.





53

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Expected Impact of Automatic Escalation of 401(k) Contributions on Retirement Income.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2007): 2–8.


MacDonald, John A. “Survey Finds Federal Workers Share Poor Retirement Planning With All Workers, but Have More Savings.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2006): 2–7.

MacDonald, John. “Britain’s Answer for Future Retirement Income: Possible Lessons for the United States.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 2–4.

Pozen, Robert C. “An American Perspective on the Chinese Pension System.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 5–7.


Copland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Data.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2005): 2–12.



Jaffe, Jim. “The Ticking Retirement Time Bomb: What State Governments Can Do.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2004): 2–9.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Measuring Retirement Income Adequacy, Part One: Traditional Replacement Ratios and Results for Workers at Large Companies.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2004): 2–12.


Jaffe, Jim. “The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments: What Will It Mean?” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2004): 2–8.



Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2004): 1–11.

VanDerhei, Jack. “Findings from the 2003 Small Employer Retirement Survey (SERS).” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2003): 1―6.

Copeland, Craig. “Retirees With Pension Income and Characteristics of Their Former Job.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2003): 1–9.


Copeland, Craig. “IRA and 401(k)-Type Plan Ownership.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002): 1–6.

Rajnes, David. “Defined Contribution Plans With Rate-of-Return Guarantees.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2002): 1–10.

Copeland, Craig. “Pension Plan Participation Continued to Rise in 2000― What Next?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2002): 4–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Pension Participation: February 2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2001): 1–5.

Copeland, Craig. “Characteristics of Individual Retirement Account Owners.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2001): 1–4.

54

Turyn, Teresa L., and Ruth Helman. “Women on Savings and Retirement: Results From the 2000 Women’s Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2001): 1–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Pension Coverage: Examining CPS Data.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2000): 4–9.

Copeland, Craig, and Jack VanDerhei. “Recent Evidence on Pension Coverage and Sponsorship, by Employer Size and Industry.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2000): 5–9.

Yakoboski, Paul. “Promoting Retirement Plans Among Small Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1998): 1-3.

McDonnell, Kenneth. “BLS Survey Shows Change in Group Health and Retirement Plan Participation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1998): 4-6.

Garlick, David. “Benefits in Small Independent Businesses.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1997): 5-8.

Garlick, David. “Benefits in Small Private Establishments.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1997): 6-9.

Olsen, Kelly. “Growth in State and Local 457 Plan Popularity Continues Through 1995.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1996): 1-4.

Yakoboski, Paul. "Worker Decisions in the Federal Thrift Savings Plan." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1996): 4–7.

Yakoboski, Paul. "IRA Eligibility and Usage." EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1995): 5–7.

McDonnell, Kenneth. "Benefit Participation High Among Employees of State and Local Government, According to Latest BLS Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1994): 3–5.

McDonnell, Kenneth. "Benefit Participation Low Among Small Independent Businesses, According to a Recent BLS Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 1994): 5–6.

Silverman, Celia. "Internal Revenue Service Data Provide A Look at Plan Creations and Terminations." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994): 5–7.

Silverman, Celia. "Changes in DB and DC Plans Occurring Mainly Among Small Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994): 1–3.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Public Opinion on ESOPs Related to Other Benefit Issues, According to New EBRI /Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994): 6–7.

Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Benefits Affect Americans’ Job Decisions, According to New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1994): 8.

McDonnell, Ken. "BLS Survey Shows Decline in Group Health and Retirement Plan Participation." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1993): 6–8.

Assets and Funding

Issue BriefsBanerjee, Sudipto. “How Does the Level of Household Savings Affect Preference for Immediate

Annuities?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 430 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 8, 2017).Copeland, Craig. “Individual Retirement Account Balances, Contributions, Withdrawals, and Asset

Allocation Longitudinal Results 2010-2014: The EBRI IRA Database.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 429 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 17, 2017).


55




Banerjee, Sudipto. “Intra-Family Cash Transfers in Older American Households.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 415 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2015).














Copeland, Craig. “IRA Balances and Contributions: An Overview of the EBRI IRA Database.™” EBRI Issue Brief no. 346 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2010).

56




VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of the Recent Financial Crisis on 401(k) Account Balances.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 326 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2009).



VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Craig Copeland, and Luis Alonso. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2006.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 308 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2007).

Copeland, Craig. “How Are New Retirees Doing Financially in Retirement?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 302 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2007).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2005.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 296 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006).


VanDerhei, Jack. “Defined Benefit Plan Freezes: Who’s Affected, How Much, and Replacing Lost Accruals.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 291 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2006).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2004.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 285 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2005).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2003.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 272 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2004).

Jaffe, Jim. “Americans’ Future Retirement Security: Implications of the EBRI-ERF Retirement Security Projection Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 266 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2004).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2002.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 261 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2003).





Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 2000.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 239 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2001).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “Contribution Behavior of 401(k) Plan Participants.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 238 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2001).

57

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 1999.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 230 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2001).


VanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, and Carol Quick. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity in 1998.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 218. (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2000).

VanDerhei, Jack, Russell Galer, Carol Quick, and John Rea. “401(k) Plan Asset Allocation, Account Balances, and Loan Activity.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 205 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1999).

Olsen, Kelly, and Jack VanDerhei. "Defined Contribution Plan Dominance Grows Across Sectors and Employer Sizes, While Mega Defined Benefit Plans Remain Strong: Where We Are and Where We Are Going." EBRI Special Report SR-33/EBRI Issue Brief no. 190 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1997).

Yakoboski, Paul. "Large Plan Lump-Sums: Rollovers and Cashouts." EBRI Issue Brief no. 188 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1997).

Scott, Jason S., and John B. Shoven. "Lump Sum Distributions: Fulfilling the Portability Promise or Eroding Retirement Security?" EBRI Issue Brief no.178 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1996).


Yakoboski, Paul. "Retirement Program Lump-Sum Distributions: Hundreds of Billions in Hidden Pension Income." EBRI Issue Brief no. 146 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1994).

EBRI-ERF Staff. "Pension Fund Portfolio Turnover and Performance Evaluation." EBRI Issue Brief no. 143 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993).

Salisbury, Dallas L. "Pension Tax Expenditures: Are They Worth the Cost?" EBRI Issue Brief no. 134 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1993).

NotesCopeland, Craig. “Importance of Individual Account Retirement Plans and Home Equity in Family

Total Wealth.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 16, 2017).VanDerhei, Jack. “How Does the Probability of a ‘Successful’ Retirement Differ Between

Participants in Final-Average Defined Benefit Plans and Voluntary Enrollment 401(k) Plans?” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2015): 9-23.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation, 2013, and Longitudinal Results, 2010-2013.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2015): 10-27.


Copeland, Craig. “Examining the New Income Measures in the Current Population Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015): 8-15.

Banerjee, Sudipto. “A Look at the End-of-Life Financial Situation in America.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015): 2-10.

VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Needs to be Saved After Factoring In Post-Retirement Risks: Evidence from the EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2015): 2-16.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation, 2012, and Longitudinal Results, 2010-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2014): 8-26.


58

Banerjee, Sudipto. “Take it or Leave it? The Disposition of DC Accounts: Who Rolls Over into an IRA? Who Leaves Money in the Plan and Who Withdraws Cash?” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2014): 10-21.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Withdrawals, 2011.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2014): 2-11.


VanDerhei, Jack. “How Much Would it Take? Achieving Retirement Income Equivalency between Final-Average-Pay Defined Benefit Plan Accruals and Voluntary Enrollment 401(k) Plans in the Private Sector.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2013): 11-23.

Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions at Job Change, Distributions Through 2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2013): 2-13.



Banerjee, Sudipto. “IRA Withdrawals: How Much, When, and Other Savings Behavior.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2013): 9-16.





Banerjee, Sudipto. “Own-to-Rent Transitions and Changes in Housing Equity for Older Americans.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2012): 2-9.


VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy for Boomers and Gen Xers: Evidence from the 2012 EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2012): 2-14.




Park, Youngkyun. “How Changes in Longevity Annuity Prices and Longevity Risk Affect Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2011): 8-17.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Asset Allocation.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2011): 2-14.

Park, Youngkyun. “Self-Reported Benefit Accrual Rates of Defined Benefit Plans: An Analysis of the 2004 and 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2011): 9-15.

59

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Savings Shortfalls for Today’s Workers.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2010): 2-9.


Copeland, Craig. “Target-Date Fund Use Over Time.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2010): 2-6.


Park, Youngkyun. “Investment Behavior of Target-Date Fund Users Having Other Funds in 401(k) Plan Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 2-11.


Copeland, Craig. “More Detail on Lump-Sum Distributions of Workers Who Have Left a Job, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2009): 2-10.


Park, Youngkyun. “Public Pension Plan Asset Allocations.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2009): 2–11.

Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions at Job Change.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2009): 2–12.






Copeland, Craig. “401(k)-Type Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2007): 2–13.

McDonnell, Ken. “Facts from EBRI: Assets in Qualified Retirement Plans, 1985-2005: Updated.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2007): 7-9.


Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets, Contributions, and Market Share.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2007): 8–14.


Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2005): 7–17.




60


Copeland, Craig. “Retirement Plan Participation and Asset Allocation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2004): 1-11.


Copeland, Craig. “Lump-Sum Distributions: An Update.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2002): 1–8.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA and 401(k)-Type Plan Ownership.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2002): 1-6.

Copeland, Craig. “IRA Assets Continue to Grow.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2001): 5–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Asset Allocation: IRAs and 401(k)-Type Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2000): 5-9.

Copeland, Craig. “The Impact of Workers’ Earnings Profiles on Individual Account Accumulation.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2000): 1–5.

Yakoboski, Paul. “IRA Assets Total More Than $2 Trillion.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2000): 1–3.

Yakoboski, Paul. “One-Quarter of Taxpayers Own an IRA.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1999): 1-3.

Yakoboski, Paul. "IRAs: Benchmarking for the Post-TRA '97 World." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1998): 1–3.

Fronstin, Paul. "IRA Assets Grew by 23 Percent During 1997." EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1998): 3–7.


Yakoboski, Paul, and Bill Pierron. "IRAs: It’s a Whole New Ballgame." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1997): 1–4.


Olsen, Kelly. "Growth in State and Local 457 Plan Popularity Continues Through 1995." EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1996): 1–4.

Fronstin, Paul. "IRA and Keogh Assets Grew by 6 Percent During 1994." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1995): 4–6.

Campbell, Sharyn, Paul Yakoboski, and Dallas Salisbury. "The Challenge of Social Security and Medicare Funding." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1995): 1–6.

Fronstin, Paul. "Pension Assets Grow 2.3 Percent Between Second and Third Quarter 1994." EBRI Notes, no.2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1995): 3–4.


Pemberton, Carolyn Piucci. "Americans Have More Confidence in Pensions and Savings Than in Social Security, According to New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1994): 7–8.

Silverman, Celia. "Private Trusteed Pension Assets Reach $2.5 Trillion by End of Third Quarter 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1994): 5–7.

Jones, Nora Super, and Kathy Stokes Murray. "Reflecting on 1993: Benefits Issues Take New Shape." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1994): 1–7.

Silverman, Celia. "IRA and Keogh Assets Reach $773 Billion at Year-End 1992." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993): 5.

Silverman, Celia, Paul Yakoboski, and Kathy Stokes Murray. "PBGC Reform Proposed in Retirement Protection Act of 1993." EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993): 1–4.

61

Silverman, Celia. "Total Private and Public Pension Assets Reach $4.4 Trillion by Year-End 1992." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1993): 4–6.

Piucci, Carolyn. "Public Attitudes on Investment Preferences–Results of New EBRI/Gallup Survey." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993): 7.

Jones, Nora Super. "Benefits Issues Evolve in the 102nd Congress." EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1993): 1–5.

Reform

Issue BriefsVanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of a Retirement Savings Account Cap.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 389

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2013).Adams, Nevin. “’After’ Math: The Impact and Influence of Incentives on Benefit Policy.” EBRI Issue

Brief no. 374 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2012).VanDerhei, Jack. “Tax Reform Options: Promoting Retirement Security.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 364

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2011).Cowen, Jamie. “Twenty-Five Years After Federal Pension Reform.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 359

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011).VanDerhei, Jack, and Lori Lucas. “The Impact of Auto-enrollment and Automatic Contribution

Escalation on Retirement Income Adequacy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 349 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2010).





VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Income Adequacy After PPA and FAS 158: Part One—Plan Sponsors’ Reactions.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 307 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2007).

DiCenzo, Jodi. “Behavioral Finance and Retirement Plan Contributions: How Participants Behave, and Prescriptive Solutions.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 301 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2007).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Defined Benefit Plan Freezes: Who’s Affected, How Much, and Replacing Lost Accruals.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 291 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2006).

Holden, Sarah, and Jack VanDerhei. “The Influence of Automatic Enrollment, Catch-Up, and IRA Contributions on 401(k) Accumulations at Retirement.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 283 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005).




NotesBlakely, Stephen. “Retirement Policy Directions in 2017 and Beyond.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee

Benefit Research Institute, February 27, 2017).

62

Blakely, Stephen. “What Moves the Retirement Readiness Needle: Quantification of Risk and Evaluation of New Proposals.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2016).






VanDerhei, Jack. “Capping Tax-Preferred Retirement Contributions: Preliminary Evidence of the Impact of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform Recommendations.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011): 2-6.

VanDerhei, Jack. “The Impact of Modifying the Exclusion of Employee Contributions for Retirement Savings Plans From Taxable Income: Results From the 2011 Retirement Confidence Survey.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2011): 2-10.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: How Different Options Might Affect Future Funding.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2009): 13-18.

EBRI Staff. “EBRI Policy Forum: Defined Contribution Plans in a Post-PPA Environment.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2008): 2-8.

MacDonald, John. “Experts Track Continuing Evolution of U.S. Pension System.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2007): 2–8.

MacDonald, John. “Britain’s Answer for Future Retirement Income: Possible Lessons for the United States.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 2–4.

Pozen, Robert C. “An American Perspective on the Chinese Pension System.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 5–7.

Copeland, Craig. “Changes in the OASI Benefit Distribution Under Various Social Security Reform Alternatives.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2006): 2–8.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: The Importance of Disability Insurance and Annuities in Individual Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005): 2–14.

Yakoboski, Paul. “IRAs: Benchmarking for the Post-TRA ’97 World.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1998): 1-3.

Conte, Chris. "Comprehensive Tax Reform: Implications for Economic Security and Employee Benefits." EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1996): 1–5.

Yakoboski, Paul. "Tax Reform and the Discipline of Employment-Based Retirement Plans." EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1996): 5–7.

Salisbury, Dallas L. "Employee Benefits in a Flat Tax or Consumption Tax World." EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1995): 1–11.

Conte, Chris. “Department of Labor Plans to Guide, Not Regulate, Employers in Providing Investment Education.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1995): 1-4.

Silverman, Celia, Paul Yakoboski, and Kathy Stokes Murray. “PBGC Reform Proposed in Retirement Protection Act of 1993.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1993): 1-4.

63

Pension History

Issue BriefsAdams, Nevin, and Dallas Salisbury. “Employee Benefits: Today, Tomorrow, and Yesterday.” EBRI

Issue Brief no. 401 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2014).Cowen, Jamie. “Twenty-Five Years After Federal Pension Reform.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 359

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2011).Rajnes, David. “An Evolving Pension System: Trends in Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution

Plans.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 249 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2002).Rajnes, David. “State and Local Retirement Plans: Innovation and Renovation.” EBRI Issue Brief no.

235 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2001).VanDerhei, Jack, and Craig Copeland. “The Changing Face of Private Retirement Plans.” EBRI Issue

Brief no. 232 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2001).Olsen, Kelly, and Jack VanDerhei. “Defined Contribution Plan Dominance Grows Across Sectors

and Employer Sizes, While Mega Defined Benefit Plans Remain Strong: Where We Are and Where We Are Going.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 190 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1997).

Campbell, Sharyn. “Hybrid Retirement Plans: The Retirement Income System Continues to Evolve.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 171 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1996).

Silverman, Celia. “Pension Evolution in a Changing Economy.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 141 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1993).

NotesCopeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure Trends, 1983-2014.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit

Research Institute, February 2015): 2-13.Salisbury, Dallas. “History of the Employee Benefit Research Institute, Part 1.” EBRI Notes, no. 12

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2014): 9-14.Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure Trends, 1983-2012.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit

Research Institute, December 2012): 12-23.Blakely, Stephen. “Is There a Future for Retirement?” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research

Institute, September 2011): 13-21.Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure Trend Lines, 1983-2010.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee

Benefit Research Institute, December 2010): 2-12.Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure, 2008.” EBRI Notes no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute,

January 2010): 2–13.Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure, 2006.” EBRI Notes no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute,

April 2007): 2–11.MacDonald, John. “Britain’s Answer for the Future Retirement Income: Possible Lessons for the

United States.” EBRI Notes no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 2–4.Pozen, Robert C. “An American Perspective on the Chinese Pension System.” EBRI Notes, no. 8

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2006): 5–7.MacDonald, John A. “The Employment-Based Pension System: Evolution or Revolution?” EBRI

Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2006): 2–9.Copeland, Craig. “Employee Tenure: Stable Overall, But Male and Female Trends Differ.” EBRI

Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2005): 2–10.Jaffe, Jim. “The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments: What

Will It Mean?” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2004): 2–8.Whitehouse, Herbert A. “Toward a More Complete History: Johnson & Johnson’s 401(k) Nursery.”

EBRI Notes no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2003): 1–4.

64

Target-Date Funds (TDFs)

Issue BriefsVanDerhei, Jack, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, and Steven Bass. “What Does Consistent Participation

in 401(k) Plans Generate? Changes in 401(k) Plan Account Balances, 2010-2014.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 426 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, Sept. 8, 2016).















NotesMacDonald, John. “EBRI’s Spring Policy Forum: Retirement Income Adequacy—How Big Is the

Gap and How Might the Market Respond?” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2010): 9–18.


65

Park, Youngkyun. “Investment Behavior of Target-Date Fund Users Having Other Funds in 401(k) Plan Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2009): 2-11.

SOCIAL SECURITYIssue Briefs

Banerjee, Sudipto. “How Does the Level of Household Savings Affect Preference for Immediate Annuities?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 430 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 8, 2017).

VanDerhei, Jack. “Retirement Savings Shortfalls: Evidence from EBRI’s Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Issue Brief no. 410 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2015).

VanDerhei, Jack. “What Causes EBRI Retirement Readiness Ratings™ to Vary: Results from the 2014 Retirement Security Projection Model.®” EBRI Issue Brief no. 396 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2014).



Salisbury, Dallas L., and Craig Copeland. “Individual Social Security Accounts: Administrative Issues.” EBRI Special Report SR-40/EBRI Issue Brief no. 237 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2001).

Copeland, Craig, Jack VanDerhei, and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Social Security Reform: Evaluating Current Proposals: Latest Results of the EBRI-SSASIM2 Policy Simulation Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 210 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1999).

Gruber, Jonathan, and David Wise. “Social Security, Retirement Incentives, and Retirement Behavior: An International Perspective.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 209 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1999).

Olsen, Kelly A., and Dallas L. Salisbury. “Individual Social Security Accounts: Issues in Assessing Administrative Feasibility and Costs.” EBRI Special Report SR-34/EBRI Issue Brief no. 203 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 1998).

Olsen, Kelly A., Jack VanDerhei, Dallas L. Salisbury, and Martin R. Holmer. “How Do Individual Social Security Accounts Stack Up? An Evaluation Using the EBRI-SSASIM2 Policy Simulation Model.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 195 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1998).

Olsen, Kelly, Jack VanDerhei, and Dallas Salisbury. “A Framework for Analyzing and Comparing Social Security Policies.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 183 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1997).

NotesCopeland, Craig. “Examining the New Income Measures in the Current Population Survey.” EBRI

Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2015): 8-15.Banerjee, Sudipto. “A Look at the End-of-Life Financial Situation in America.” EBRI Notes, no. 4

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015): 2-10.VanDerhei, Jack. “The Role of Social Security, Defined Benefits, and Private Retirement Accounts in

the Face of the Retirement Crisis.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2014): 8-21.


McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population Age 65 and Over, 2008.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2010): 2–7.

66

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: How Different Options Might Affect Future Funding.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 2009): 13-18.

McDonnell, Ken. “The Basics of Social Security, Updated With the 2009 Board of Trustees Report.” EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 2009): 11–13.


McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population Age 65 and Over, 2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2007): 10–15.


Copeland, Craig. “Estimating the Value of Changes in OASI Benefits Under Social Security Reforms.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2006): 2-10.

Copeland, Craig. “Changes in the OASI Benefit Distribution Under Various Social Security Reform Alternatives.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2006): 2-8.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population, Age 65 and Over, 2004.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2006): 9–14.


Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Reform: The Importance of Disability Insurance and Annuities in Individual Accounts.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2005): 2-13.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2003.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 2005): 9-14.

Copeland, Craig. “The Inflation Rate and the Actuarial Balance of the OASDI Trust Funds.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2004): 8-14.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2002.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2003): 7–10.

McDonnell, Ken. “Income of the Elderly Population: 2001.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2003): 4-8.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security Actuarial Balance and the Labor Force Participation Rate.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2003): 6–10.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security: Unemployment and Immigration.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2002): 1-4.

Copeland, Craig. “Productivity Growth and the Actuarial Balance of the Social Security Program.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, November 2001): 7-10.

Copeland, Craig. “Social Security: Not All Reform Approaches Are Equal.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 2001): 1-5.

Copeland, Craig. “Evaluating the Archer-Shaw Social Security Proposal.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2000): 1-5.

Blakely, Stephen. “Are Individual Social Security Accounts Feasible?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1999): 1-5.

Upston, Amy. “Recent Public Opinion Polls on Social Security.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 1998): 5-9.

Olsen, Kelly A., and Chris Baylyff. “Keeping Track of Social Security Reform Proposals: An Update.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1998): 6-11.

Salisbury, Dallas L. “Public Attitudes on Social Security: The UFO Fallacy.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1998): 1-3.

EBRI-ERF Staff. "Chilean Social Security Reform as a Prototype for Other Nations." EBRI Notes, no. 8 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, August 1997): 1–5.

Yakoboski, Paul. “Daring to Touch the Third Rail?” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1997): 1-3.

Ostuw, Pamela. “Public Attitudes on Social Security Reform.” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1997): 3-5.

67

Conte, Chris. "Assessing Social Security Reform Alternatives: EBRI’s December 4, 1996, Policy Forum." EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1997): 1–6.

COMPENSATIONIssue Briefs

Salisbury, Dallas L., Ken McDonnell, and Edina Rheem. “The Changing World of Work and Employee Benefits.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 172 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 1996).

NotesRheem, Edina, and Ken McDonnell. “Benefits Are a Substantial Component of Total Compensation.”

EBRI Notes, No. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1995): 1-4.McDonnell, Ken. “Benefits Are a Substantial Component of Total Compensation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1994): 7-10.VanDerhei, Jack. “Implications of Lowering the Compensation Limit for Qualified Retirement

Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 5 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, May 1993): 1-4.

BENEFITS COSTSIssue Briefs




Fronstin, Paul. “The Impact of the Erosion of Retiree Health Benefits on Workers and Retirees.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 279 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 2005).

Fronstin, Paul. “Issues in Mental Health Care Benefits: The Costs of Mental Health Parity.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 182 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1997).

McDonnell, Ken. “Questions and Answers on Health Insurance Benefit Issues.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 164 (August 1995).

Boyce, Sarah. “Questions and Answers on Employee Benefit Issues.” EBRI Issue Brief no. 150 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 1994).

Salisbury, Dallas. “Pension Tax Expenditures: Are They Worth the Cost?” EBRI Issue Brief no. 134 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 1993).

NotesBlakely, Stephen. “Measured Matters: The Use of ‘Big Data’ in Employee Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no.

4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2015): 11-23.McDonnell, Ken. “Employer Spending on Benefits, 2007.” EBRI Notes, no. 11 (Employee Benefit

Research Institute, November 2008): 7–10.McDonnell, Ken. “Benefit Cost Comparisons Between State and Local Governments and Private-

Sector Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2008): 2-6. McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits, 1950-2006.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee

Benefit Research Institute, January 2008): 7-10.McDonnell, Ken. “Facts from EBRI: Employer Spending on Benefits, 2005.” EBRI Notes, no. 12

(Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2006): 8-10.

68

McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits: Health Costs Drive Changing Trends.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 2005): 2-7.

McDonnell, Ken. “Benefit Cost Comparisons Between State and Local Governments and Private-Sector Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 4 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, April 2005): 2-5.

McDonnell, Ken. “Facts from EBRI: Finances of Employee Benefits, 1960-2003.” EBRI Notes, no. 2 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, February 2005): 14-17.

McDonnell, Ken. “Benefit Cost Comparisons Between State and Local Governments and Private-Sector Employers.” EBRI Notes, no. 10 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 2002): 6-9.

McDonnell, Ken. “Finances of Employee Benefits.” EBRI Notes, no. 7 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, July 2000): 5-7.

Rheem, Edina, and Ken McDonnell. “Benefits Are a Substantial Component of Total Compensation.” EBRI Notes, no. 12 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, December 1995): 1-4.

Silverman, Celia. “Factors Influencing Employer Contributions to Defined Benefit Plans.” EBRI Notes, no. 9 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, September 1994): 1-4.

McDonnell, Ken. “Health Care Costs: Who Pays What?” EBRI Notes, no. 3 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, March 1994): 4-6.

McDonnell, Ken. “Benefits Are a Substantial Component of Total Compensation.” EBRI Notes, no. 1 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, January 1994): 7-10.

69

HEALTH - Employee Benefit Research Institute | EBRI · Web viewFronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger....

Documents

Transcript of HEALTH - Employee Benefit Research Institute | EBRI · Web viewFronstin, Paul, and Anne Elmlinger....