HEALTH ECONOMICSAND

HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES

BY,M.MELVIN DAVID

1ST YEAR, MSc NURSINGCON PIMS

INTRODUCTION

• Health economics is an economic system related to medical, health and family welfare services.

HEALTH

• Health is the state of complete physical, mental, social, spiritual wellbeing. Not merely absents of disease or infirmity. (WHO)

ECONOMICS

• The term “Economics” is taken from Greek word “Oikos” means household and “Nomos” means management. So, managing the things using the funds available in the most economical manner as possible.

ECONOMICS

Study of wealth• Economics as a science which studies

the nature and causes of national wealth.

Adam Smith

ECONOMICS

Study of welfare• A study of mankind in the ordinary

business of life; it examines that part of the individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and use of the material requisites of wellbeing. Marshall

ECONOMICS

Study of scarcity• The science which studies human

behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.

Robbin

HEALTH ECONOMICS

• Health economics is concerned with the use of resources affect the health care industry. (Jacobs-2002)

• Health economics is the discipline that determines the price and the quantity of limited financial and non-financial resources devoted to the care of the sick and promotion of health(Gupta &Mohanjan-2003)

• To provide the best quality health care to the largest number of people, given available financial resources.

GOALS OF HEALTH ECONOMICS

METHODS IN HEALTH ECONOMICS

• Cost Accounting• Cost – benefit Analysis• Cost – effectiveness Analysis• Marginal Analysis

FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH CARE COST

• Price Inflation• Changes in population demography• Technology• Chronic illness• Lack of education• Environmental degradation• Ignorance and lethargic attitude

FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE

• PUBLIC SUPPORT• PRIVATE SUPPORT– Insurance– Employers– Individuals– Managed care arrangements– Medical saving account

HEALTH CARE PAYMENT SYSTEMS

• Paying health care organizations– Retrospective reimbursement– Prospective reimbursement– Cost- plus reimbursement

• Paying health care practitioners– Fee - for – service– Capitation

TRENDS IN HEALTH FINANCE

• Cost sharing• Health care alliances• Self insurance• Flexible spending accounts

EVALUATION OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES

• The outcomes of resources in health care may be measured by quantitative technique like Cost minimization: in this cost of implementing two systems or programs or treatment regime is compared. The results (outcomes) of both these intervention may be the same.

EVALUATION OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES

• Cost-effective analysis: outcomes assumed in non-monetary units. This helps a planner to compare between two programs with the same objective and find out which program achieves the health objectives at the least cost

HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES

Technology is a crucial ingredient of health care. Major regulatory frameworks and institutions exist solely to manage the introduction and use of safe, effective and efficient technology in health care. The health and medical research and development sector, from which advances arise, has a high public profile in its own right. Finally, there is great community interest in technology, especially technology that has important implications for health.

DEFINITION

Health technology defined as "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives." This includes the pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures and organizational systems used in health care.

WHO

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

• Medical technology, which is a proper subset of health technology, encompasses a wide range of healthcare products and is used to diagnose, monitor or treat diseases or medical conditions affecting humans.

ALLIED PROFESSIONS

• The work of these professionals encompasses clinical applications of chemistry, genetics, hematology, immunohematology (blood banking), immunology, microbiology, serology, urinalysis and miscellaneous body fluid analysis.

MULTI-PERSPECTIVE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

RECENT HEALTH CARE TECHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

ROBOTIC NURSE ASSISTANT

ROBOTIC NURSE ASSISTANT

ARTIFICIAL RETINAS

LIGHT BULBS THAT DISINFECT AND KILL BACTERIA

ELECTRONIC UNDERPANTS PREVENTING BED SORES

GOOGLE GLASS

MERCI