Healthand

Wellness

Infectious Diseases are diseases that are spread through pathogens.

Pathogens are agents that invade the body and cause you to be sick.

The 2 most common pathogens are

Bacteria and Viruses

What is the difference between Bacteria and Viruses?

Bacteria are single celled organisms that can be treated with medication. Antibiotics can slow or kill the growth of the bacteria if taken completely.

Viruses are tiny pathogens that

survive and replicate only

inside living cells. They cannot be

killed with antibiotics. Any

medication taken is treating the

symptoms. The virus has to run its

course.

Infectious Diseases are spread 4 ways:

Person to personFood and water

EnvironmentAnimals

Stages of Diseases1.

Infection 2.

Incubation

3. Prodromal (Symptoms

)

4. Illness

5. Recovery/

Death

Pathogen Multiplies

Relapse May

Occur

When a pathogen enters the body, it goes through certain stages before your body gets rid of it.

How does our body fight off infections?

What is inflammation and how does it help fight infection?

•Inflammation is a response that shows that the body is attacking pathogens.

•Inflammation is the 2nd line of defense against disease.

•Inflammation is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling.

If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what is the last line of

defense against infections?

The white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic

system to fight the pathogens.

Recognition

Mobilization

DisposalImmunity

Stages of the Immune SystemAs the pathogen is

going through its stages, the immune system is also going through stages

to get rid of it.

So how can we So how can we prevent infectious prevent infectious

diseases from diseases from spreading?spreading?

Some infectious diseases can be prevented by

• An immunization (vaccine) is a shot used to help prevent contracting a specific disease.

• A small amount of the pathogen is put in the body so the immune system can develop antibodies, so if exposed to the same pathogen, you can fight it off without getting it.

Laws about Immunization… The Texas Department of Health has ruled

that students must be current with immunizations in order to attend school unless an exemption has been filed with the school.

Reason for Exemptions:• Medical

Unless it is written in the statement that a lifelong condition exists, the exemption statement is valid

for only one year from the date signed by the physician.

• Religious• Too soon after another immunization• Immune due to having had the disease• Vaccine Shortage

What are some other things you can do to help prevent yourself from getting sick?

• Eat right• Get enough sleep• Exercise• Do not smoke• Get regular check ups

• Practice good hygiene

• Reduce stress• Drink water• Get vaccines• Avoid sick people

So if So if Infectious Infectious Diseases Diseases used to be the used to be the leading cause of death leading cause of death in the 1900’s…in the 1900’s…

…what do you think is the leading cause

of death today?

What are 4 things about yourself that you can not change that can influence

you getting certain diseases?

what do you think is what do you think is the leading cause of the leading cause of

death among death among teenagers?teenagers?

Soooooo… knowing our lifestyle choices have a big influence on our health,

#1 Motor Vehicle #1 Motor Vehicle AccidentsAccidents

In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the US aged 15–19 were killed and  more

than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor

vehicle crashes.1,2  

MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19

(out of all unintentional injuries 42%)

Did you know…

Factors that often lead to car crashes are

SPEEDING, AGGRESSIVENESS & IMPAIRED DRIVING

But the factor that contributes most often to automobile accidents is…

Driver BehaviorDriver Behavior

What do you think are some of the most

common driver behaviors

that lead to crashes?

One of the biggest growing problems is

What are some things you can do to help avoid being in an accident?

• Don’t drive under the influence.• Avoid driving while tired.• Leave room between you and the car in

front of you, especially if the weather is bad.

• Drive the speed limit.• Wear your seat belt.• Be courteous to other drivers.• Be aware of road conditions.

With automobile accidents being the leading cause of death among

teenagers, it brings up the subject of organ donation.

What are your thoughts about

organ donation?

Organ Donation◦One Donor Can:

Save the lives of 8 people Enhance the lives of more than 50 people

◦Fast Facts: More than 110,000 people are waiting for a transplant

More than 10,000 of those people are from Texas

Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the waiting list

Donating Organs:•When you get your driver’s license, you have the choice of being an organ donor or not.•Even if a teenager signs the back of his or her driver’s license to indicate organ donor status, the family still has to give permission in the event of a tragedy.•Anyone can go online and register to be an organ donor at www.donatelifetexas.org/register

Myths and facts about organ donation:

MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor, the doctors will not try to save my life. Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death has been legally declared.

MYTH: I am not the right age for organ or tissue donation. TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation.

Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top of the list when they need a donor organ. Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority when it comes to allocating organs. It may seem that way because of the amount of publicity generated when celebrities receive a transplant, but they are treated no differently from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity and financial status are not considered in organ allocation.

The other leading causes of death among teenagers:

# 2 Homicide~MAKES UP 17% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#3 Suicide~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#4 Cancer~MAKES UP 6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#5 Heart Disease~MAKES UP 3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19

While unintentionalinjury is listed as the #1 cause of death with 4,807 deaths, of those deaths, 3,242 are frommotor vehicle accidentsso we consider motor vehicle accidents as the #1 cause of death among 15 – 19 yr. olds.

Cause of Death # of Deaths Percent

Unintentional injury 4,807 42%Motor Vehicle Traffi c 3,242 67.40%Poisoning 715 14.90%Drowning 279 5.80%Other Transportation 203 4.20%Suffocation 61 1.30%Fall 58 1.20%Fire/Burn 56 1.20%All Other 193 4%

CDC 2009

Soooooo ……what are Soooooo ……what are some types of some types of

unintentional injury?unintentional injury?

A fatal injury A fatal injury caused by caused by electricity electricity entering the entering the body and body and destroying vital destroying vital tissues.tissues.

A fatal injury caused A fatal injury caused by an inability to by an inability to breathe when the breathe when the nose and mouth are nose and mouth are blocked blocked or when the body or when the body becomes oxygen-becomes oxygen-deficient.deficient.

FallsExplosions

Toxic hazards

ElectrocutionFires

The most common types of unintentional injuries in the workplace are

What is the government agency that was created to help prevent work-related injuries, illness and death?

OccupationalSafetyHealthAdministration

RULES OF GUN RULES OF GUN SAFETYSAFETY

• Assume every gun is loaded until you have checked yourself.

• Open the action when you pick up a gun.

• Open the action before passing the gun to another person.

OTHER RULES OF GUN OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETYSAFETY

• Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water.

• Never drink or take drugs before or while shooting.

• Always be sure your action and barrel are clear of obstructions.

• Store hunting arms under lock and in a separate location from the ammunition.

• Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle.

What role do health care What role do health care professionals and/or agencies professionals and/or agencies have in promoting a healthy have in promoting a healthy community?community?

Do you know Do you know what some of what some of

the health care the health care agencies are in agencies are in

our our community? community?

Preventative Preventative OptionsOptions

PROVIDER WHO WHATCommunity Unity Care Clinic

AdultsChildrenHomelessWalk Ins

• Adult Primary Care • Pediatric Care• Women’s Health• Behavioral Health• Dental Health• HIV• ARCH-Healthcare for

the Homeless• Hospital care• Pharmacy• Family Planning

Preventative Preventative OptionsOptions

PROVIDER WHO WHATPeople’s Clinic

AdultsChildren(By appointment only)

• Adult Medicine• Reproductive Health• Prenatal Care• Pediatrics• Breastfeeding Counseling• Adolescent Health• Social Work Services

• Chronic Disease Management

• Integrated Behavioral Health

• Tandem Teen Prenatal & Parenting Program

Preventative Preventative OptionsOptions

PROVIDER WHO WHATPrimary Care Physician

AdultsChildren

• Any basic medical care• Immunizations

After Hours Clinics

AdultsChildren

• Any basic medical care• Immunizations

Urgent Care Clinics

AdultsChildren

• Any basic medical care• Immunizations

Treatment Treatment OptionsOptions

PROVIDER WHO WHATAny place listed on previous slides as well

as…Emergency Rooms

Adults ChildrenUninsured

• Any emergency health concern

• Any InjuryHospitals Adults

ChildrenUninsured

• Any emergency health concern

• Any Injury• Surgery

What measures do you take to prevent anything going wrong with your body?

If you were an expensive, one-of-a- kind car, what measures would you take to make sure you stayed in tip-top condition?