DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH &. HUMAN SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH HUMAN
HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · 3 2016 HHD EXAM Question 2 – continued ... , health education,...
Transcript of HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · 3 2016 HHD EXAM Question 2 – continued ... , health education,...
HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTWritten examination
Thursday 3 November 2016 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of bookNumber of questions
Number of questions to be answered
Number of marks
15 15 100
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof20pages.• Additionalspaceisavailableattheendofthebookifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.
Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2016
SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2016
STUDENT NUMBER
Letter
2016HHDEXAM 2
Question 1 (6marks)a. ListoneservicethatiscoveredbyMedicareandexplainhowthisservicecanimprovethe
healthstatusofAustralians. 2marks
b. SelecttwovaluesoftheAustralianhealthcaresystemandexplainhoweachvalueisshowninthefundingand/oradministrationofpublichospitals. 4marks
Value1
Explanation
Value2
Explanation
InstructionsAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.
3 2016HHDEXAM
Question 2–continuedTURN OVER
Question 2 (8marks)ThefollowingdatarelatestothehealthstatusofIndigenousandnon-IndigenousAustralians.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus(age-standardised
per cent)*
Incidence of type 1 diabetes
(per 100 000)†
Mortality with diabetes as
underlying cause(per 100 000)*
Indigenous 15 7 89.4
Non-Indigenous 4.7 10 15.6
Data:*AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare,The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2015,cat.no.IHW147,AIHW,Canberra,2015;
†AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare,Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Australia 2000–2013,‘Diabetes’seriesno.23,cat.no.CVD69,AIHW,Canberra,2015
a. UsedatafromthetabletocomparethehealthstatusofIndigenousandnon-IndigenousAustralians. 2marks
b. Identifyonenutrientthatcanactasariskfactorfortype2diabetes.Listonemajorfoodsourceofthisnutrientandoutlinethenutrient’sfunctionasadeterminantofhealth. 3marks
Nutrient
Major food source
Function as a determinant of health
2016HHDEXAM 4
c. DescribeoneprogramthathasbeenimplementedtoaddresstheNationalHealthPriorityArea(NHPA)‘Diabetesmellitus’. 3marks
Question 3 (3marks)Outlineonefunctionofeachofthefollowingnutrientsasadeterminantofhealth.
• Protein
• Calcium
• VitaminD
5 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVER
Question 4 (4marks)ThefederalgovernmentdevelopedtheAustralianDietaryGuidelines.NutritionAustraliahasusedtheseguidelinesasthebasisforthedevelopmentoftheHealthyEatingPyramid.
ChoosetwooftheAustralianDietaryGuidelinesandexplainhoweachisreflectedintheHealthyEatingPyramid.
1.
2.
2016HHDEXAM 6
Question 5 (2marks)ConsiderthefollowinginformationregardingthehealthstatusofAustraliaandotherdevelopedcountries.
Indicators of health status for a range of countries (2013)
Country Adult mortality rate(deaths per 1000)
Infant mortality rate
(deaths per 1000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth
Incidence of tuberculosis(per 100 000
per year)Male Female
Australia 78 45 3.4 83 6.2
Iceland 61 37 1.6 82 3.6
Japan 81 42 2.1 84 18
Data:WorldHealthOrganization,‘PartII.GlobalHealthIndicators’,World Health Statistics 2015
Usingdatafromthetable,describethehealthstatusofAustraliacomparedtoIcelandandJapan.
7 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVER
Question 6 (6marks)
Source:JerrilRechter,‘OurSportswomenShiningWorldwide’,Herald Sun,11August2015
a. IdentifyoneVicHealthstrategicpriorityinthe‘ChangingtheGame’programdescribedabove. 1mark
b. OutlinethepotentialmentalandsocialhealthoutcomesofVicHealth’s‘ChangingtheGame’program. 2marks
c. Oneoftheprinciplesofthesocialmodelofhealthisthatit‘addressesthebroaderdeterminantsofhealth’.
ExplainthisprincipleandprovideanexampleofhowitisevidentinVicHealth’s‘ChangingtheGame’program. 3marks
Due to copyright restrictions, this material is not supplied.
2016HHDEXAM 8
Question 7 (8marks)InjuriesareasignificantcosttothehealthcaresysteminAustralia.‘Injurypreventionandcontrol’wasdeclaredanNHPAin1996.
a. Providetworeasons,otherthancost,why‘Injurypreventionandcontrol’wasincludedasanNHPA. 2marks
1.
2.
b. Provideoneexampleeachofanindirectcosttotheindividualandtothecommunityassociatedwith‘Injurypreventionandcontrol’. 2marks
Indirectcosttotheindividual
Indirectcosttothecommunity
c. ExplainhowtwoactionareasoftheOttawaCharterforHealthPromotioncouldbeusedtoaddresstheNHPA‘Injurypreventionandcontrol’. 4marks
1.
2.
9 2016HHDEXAM
Question 8–continuedTURN OVER
Question 8 (12marks)
Cardiovascular disease death rates, by remoteness and sex, 2009–2011
300
250
200
150
100
50
0major cities inner regional outer regional remote and
very remote
deaths per100000
population
males females
Source:AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare,Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease – Australian Facts: Mortality,‘Cardiovascular,DiabetesandChronicKidneyDisease’
seriesno.1,cat.no.CDK1,AIHW,Canberra,2014
a. Identifyonetrendinthegraphabove. 1mark
b. Identifyonebiologicalandonesocialdeterminantofhealthandexplainhoweachcouldcontributetothetrendidentifiedinpart a. 4marks
Biological
Social
2016HHDEXAM 10
c. Cardiovasculardiseasescontributeto14%ofthetotalburdenofdiseaseinAustraliaandNewZealand.
i. Whatismeantby‘burdenofdisease’? 2marks
ii. Howisburdenofdiseasemeasured? 1mark
d. Explainhowboththebiomedicalandsocialmodelsofhealthcouldbeusedtoreducetheburdenofdiseaseassociatedwithcardiovasculardisease. 4marks
11 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVER
Question 9 (10marks)Goal16oftheUnitedNations’(UN’s)SustainableDevelopmentGoalsaimstopromotepeace,justiceandstronginstitutions.
a. DescribeGoal16. 2marks
b. ExplaintworeasonswhyGoal16isimportant. 4marks
1.
2.
c. Goal16reflectstheUN’sareaofaction‘worldpeaceandsecurity’.
IdentifyanotherareaofactionoftheUNandexplainhowitpromotessustainablehumandevelopment. 4marks
Areaofaction
Explanation
2016HHDEXAM 12
Question 10–continued
Question 10 (9marks)ThefollowinginformationrelatestoanHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolprogramdeliveredbyWorldVisioninTashkent,Uzbekistan.TheprogramwasaimedatreducingtheHIVinfectionrate.
Theprogramaimedtopromotebehaviouralchangeamongyouthandmostatriskpopulations(MARPs).MARPsincludeinjectingdrugusers,sexworkersandmenwhohavesexwithmen.Theprogramcoveredawiderangeofactivitiesincluding:needleexchange,condomdistribution,healtheducation,counselling,HIV/STIhealthreferrals,outreachwork,stafftraining,andtheestablishmentofaninformationwebsite.TherewerealsoadvocacyinitiativesfocusedaroundWorldAidsDay(2004).Over24monthsatotalof24000visitorsusedthefacility:32%fortheneedleexchangeprogram,26%forcounsellingactivities,21%forHIVand/orSTItests,21%forotherservices.
Source:WorldVisionAustralia,Basic Health and HIV,policybrief,November2007,p.3;©WorldVisionAustralia2007;allrightsreserved;usedbypermission;www.worldvision.com.au
a. IdentifythetypeofaidrepresentedintheHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolprogramabove. 1mark
b. Usingtwoelementsofsustainability,evaluatetheHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolprogram. 4marks
c. ExplainhowtheHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolprogramcouldbringaboutimprovementsinhealth. 2marks
13 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVER
d. Healthandhumandevelopmentareinterrelated.Thatis,healthinfluenceshumandevelopmentand,inreturn,humandevelopmentinfluenceshealth.
UseoneexamplefromtheHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolprogramtoillustratehowhealthandhumandevelopmentareinterrelated. 2marks
Question 11 (6marks)TheAustralianaidprogramfocusesontheIndo-Pacificregion.
a. EducationandhealthformonepriorityofAustralia’saidprogram.
IdentifyanotherpriorityofAustralia’saidprogram. 1mark
b. DescribeoneliteracyprogramthatmaybeimplementedintheIndo-Pacificregiontoincreaseeducationlevels. 3marks
c. Outlinehowtheliteracyprogramdescribedinpart b.couldimprovehumandevelopmentintheIndo-Pacificregion. 2marks
2016HHDEXAM 14
Question 12 (8marks)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)ispartoftheUNandwasestablishedin1948.Itworkstopromoteglobalhealthandsustainablehumandevelopment.OneWHOinitiativeisthedevelopmentoftheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl.Thisframeworkseekstoreducesmokingratesworldwide.
a. IdentifyaWHOprioritythatisreflectedintheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlinitiative. 1mark
b. SelectoneoftheUN’sSustainableDevelopmentGoalsanddiscusshowtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlcouldhelpachievethisgoalby2030. 3marks
Goal
Discussion
c. Define‘globalhealth’. 2marks
d. ExplainhowtheachievementoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoalselectedinpart b.couldcontributetopromotingglobalhealth. 2marks
15 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVER
Question 13 (9marks)a. Describeanimmunisationprogramthatcouldbeimplementedinadevelopingcountry. 3marks
b. Usingexamplesfromtheprogramdescribedinpart a.,describetheinterrelationshipsbetweenhealth,humandevelopmentandsustainability. 6marks
2016HHDEXAM 16
Question 14 (5marks)Obesityisplacingaheavyburdenontheworld’spopulationinbothrichandpoorcountries.Almost30percentofpeoplegloballyarenoweitherobeseoroverweight.Two-thirdsoftheobesepopulationnowliveindevelopingcountries,whichalsoexperiencehighratesofundernutrition.
a. Explainhowglobalmarketinghascontributedtotheincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewhoareoverweightorobese. 2marks
b. UndernutritionismuchmoreprevalentindevelopingcountriesthaninAustralia.
Selectoneexampleofthephysicalenvironmentandexplainhowitcouldcontributetothisvariation. 3marks
Example
Explanation
17 2016HHDEXAM
TURN OVEREND OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Question 15 (4marks)ThefollowinggraphcomparestheincomeandHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)ofChileandEquatorialGuinea.
Chile
EquatorialGuinea
similar income, different HDI value
25
20
15
10
5
0
.900
.800
.700
.600
.500
.400
income(GNI per capita,
thousands)
HDI
Source:UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme,Human Development Report 2015: Work for Human
Development,UNDP,NewYork,2015,p.57
a. Explainhowtwocountriescanhaveasimilarincome(GNIpercapita)butaquitedifferentHDI. 2marks
b. WHOclassifiescountriesaccordingtotheirmortalitystrata.ChileisclassifiedasbeinginstrataBwhileEquatorialGuineaisclassifiedasbeinginstrataD.
WhywouldChilebeclassifiedasmortalitystrataBandEquatorialGuineabeclassifiedasmortalitystrataD? 2marks