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• 1) What are the traditional eating habits of your country? What are the effects of these nutrition habits on your health?

• 2) What is the importance of nutrition during pregnancy? • 3) How do your government and doctors inform mothers

about healthy nutrition and its effect on their babies? • 4) What is the ratio of obesity in your country? In which age

group it is most common (–children, teenagers, adults, old people- ? )

• 5) At what age do people start to use alcohol and drugs? Why?

• 6) What kind of precautions has been taken in your school/country to prevent drug habits?

CONVERGENCE OF THREE

CONTINENTS

ASIA

AFRICA

EUROPE

The alimentary habits in the mediterranean area called the atention as consequence of the verification that in the mediterranean countries of coronary diseases were less important than in others countries of north of Europe.

Use of olive oil as fat.Consumption of fruit, vegetables and nuts.Bread ,pasta and rice and their wholemeal products are also very important.Fresh food,home-made and no precooked products are the most valuable in this diet.Everyday consumption of dairy products such as yoghurt and cheese.

Red meat should be used with moderation and whenever possible, it should be cooked in stews and similar types of recipes.

Lots of fish should be included in the diet and eggs with moderation.

Fresh fruit must be the habitual dessert and sometimes, sweets, cakes, and dairy products.

The water is the most important drink in the Mediterranean diet. Wine with moderation and always with meals.

Everyday exercice and practice of some sports.

LOWINCIDENCE OF

CORONARY DISEASES

REDUCE THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL

IN BLOOD

HAVE BLUE FISH

RICH IN ω-3

HAVE OLIVE OILRICH IN FATTY

MONOUNSATURATEDACIDS

Due to the changes experienced by the woman during the periods of gestation, it’s necessary to have a suitable ingestion of nutrients. It doesn’t mean that she should eat for two in an exaggerated way, although they must be fed to assure both the nutrition of the mother and the baby.

SALTPOSSIBLE RETENTIONS

OFLIQUIDS

SPECIALLYIN THE LAST

TERM

INDUSTRIALCAKESAND

PASTRY

SATURATEDFATS

CALORICCONTRIBUTION

WATER

DIURETIC

AVOIDS

CONSTIPATION

REDUCESILLNESSES ELEMINATES

THE SODIUMIN EXCESS

PREVENTSURINARY

INFECTIONS

ALCOHOLICDRINKS

FOETAL MALFORMATIONS

EXCESS OF SEAFOOD

ALLERGIC REACTIONS

CAN

GREENVEGETABLES

FOLICACID

SPINA BIFIDA

LIVER

brewer's yeast

EGG

AESANThe Spanish Agency of Nutritional Security is an organization which is joined to the Health and Consumption Ministry. Its obectives are:Decrease the risk of illnesses which are transmitted by food.Guarantee the effectiveness of the system of food control.Promote the consumption of healthy food.Plan, coordinate and develop strategies and behaviours which foster a healthy nutrition.

AESANThe Health and Consumption Ministry has presented a programme to promote healthy eating habits and the practice of sports among Spanish students in six regions:

Canarias, Andalucía, Murcia, Castilla y León, Galicia y Extremadura and cities from Ceuta and Melilla.

The government has decided that they have to work at schools, where students learn from the beginning life and eating habits. Because of all that, it’s the most appropriate place to develop programmes of healthy food.

AESAN

**These long-life and chronic illnesses are the main cause of death and incapacitation in developed countries. Obesity can reduce the life of a man or a woman in ten years.

Unhealthy nutrition Obese child = Obese man/woman

-Diabetes-Heart problems-Some kinds of cancer

PERSEO

The Ministry of Health and Consumption, the one of Social policies and Sports together with the government of six regions have created the Programme PERSEO on a trial basis. This programme is against obesity, working on sport and healthy eating habits at schools.

Obesityfactors

- Technological progress- Social conditions- Modern life

Sedentary

PERSEOThis programme consists of an amount of some easy interventions among the different schools; schools which promote a healthy daily life among students, and also work with their families. This programme acts at the same time on the canteen, school refectories and on the school life in general, trying to help students to choose healthier ways of eating.

Which Independent Communities take part in this programme?Nowadays, the PRESEO Programme includes interventions of sixty-seven different schools from Andalucía, Canarias, Castilla and León, Extremadura, Galicia, Murcia and other Spanish cities which are not in the Iberian peninsula, such as Ceuta and Melilla.

Murcia Vs. Obesity

Certainly, Murcia has one of the higher levels of children’s obesity and, because of that, it’s taking part in a programme, which is starting now, against obesity among children.This programme, joined to another one called “Plan to teach about Health Education at Schools” are a perfect mixture to solve this problem which is increasing in a worrying way.

Professionals of the Youth Attention will do a clinic survey and they will be following a group of children from the start of the programme to the end of it.

By: The Health Ministry.

This programme is going to be focused on Primary Education, particularly on children between six and ten years and their families. There will be courses, teaching resources, informative speeches… and all that made by a group of experts on Pedagogy and Nutritional teaching:

GoalsGoals

-Improve the way of mixing types of food in our daily life: we have to eat a bit of everything.- Not to have a light breakfast. - Decrease the quantity of fat and sugar.-Increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables and water. - Promote any sporty activity. - Reduce the time in front of the TV, the computer, and so on.

FROM

Nowadays in Spain those advertisements which are done by FROM (Organization for the Regulation of the Fishing and Sea Market) have become really popular. They show us about how important sea products are and that fish have to be big enough to be eaten and also how important fish and shellfish are in a balanced diet.

Apart from those advertisements and commercials, they also organize lectures in which an expert shows us the main aspects of a balanced diet in an easy way.

Another important question: do parents really know what a “healthy

diet” is?There are courses and workshops which clarify parents´doubts about their

diet and help plan a healthy weekly menu. Those courses are done by The Campaign Against Children’s Obesity.

Courses such as “Be healthy eating healthily” or “Advertising and Food” teach some basic ideas about how to eat and about problems with obesity

and, what is more important, they try to re-educate parents about incorrect concepts and beliefs.

Obesity affects 16% of adults and 13% of children in Spain.

Nearly 16% of adult population in Spain has obesity and 13% of children too. This information has been provided by the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity(SEEDO) and the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN).

Spain is already the tenth most obese country in the world. Following the data from OCDE, 13% of population over 15 years overpasses the number of 30 corporal mass. We discover, then, that we are behind USA (more than 30%), Mexico, United Kingdom, Australia(20-25%), Hungary, New Zealand, Canada(15-20%), Ireland and Germany (more than 13%).

Doctors say that the probability of suffering a coronary ilness increases a hundred percent in obese people.

What is more, it has been found out that obesity causes in our country about 30.000 premature deaths every year, so, because of that figure, the prevention has become the best way to face this problem.

Recent studies show that 50% of Spanish adults have overweight and about 16% are obese.

The direct and indirect consequences of these diseases reach the 7% of the total health expenditure, this means about 3.000 millions of euros per year.

Childhood ObesityObesity in Spain is becoming a very important health problem, specially among children, because in the last 20 years obesity in children between 6 and 12 years has increased from 5% to 16%.

Childhood Obesity in la Región de Murcia

The average number of obese children exceeds 4 points in la Región de Murcia. Whereas the national average is 14 obese adults per every 100 children, in Murcia it is 18 .Furthermore, nowadays the increase in the childhood obesity increases twice more than it used to increase in the 80’s.

The number of obese people will increase by 2015, when the number in adults will be 2.300 million, according to OMG.

AGES AT WHICH TEENAGERS START TAKING DRUGS

The data of that presentation are taken both from a survey about drugs, carried out in Spain (between november 2005 – April 2006) and a state survey on drug use in students of secondary school (scholastic survey 2006-2007).

GENERAL CONCEPTS

TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL ARE THE MOST CONSUMED PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS . DRUGS OF ILLEGAL COMMERCE ARE THOSE TAKEN FROM CANNABIS, COCAINE AND ECSTASY. WITHOUT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TRANQUILIzZzZERS OR SEDATIVES, THERE ARE MORE MEN ADDICTIVE TO DRUGS THAN WOMEN.

AGES

STARTING AGES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF:

• TOBACCO (16.4 YEARS) • SPIRITS (16.7 YEARS) • CANNABIS (18.3 YEARS)• COCAINE (20,6 YEARS) • ECSTASY (20.1) • HALLUCINOGENS (19.0)• AMPHETAMINES (19.2)

ESTUDES

58,1 58,0

24,8

30,6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Alcohol Tabaco

Hombres Mujeres

22,3

18,0

3,11,6 2,1

0,72,0

0,7

0

5

10

15

20

25

Cánnabis Cocaína Éxtasis Alucinógenos

Hombres Mujeres

PERCENTAGE OF CONSUMERS FROM 14 TO 18 YEARS OLD

ESTUDES

79,6

74,975,1

68,165,6

58,0

82,0

76,678,0

86,084,284,1

83,882,482,781,0

75,677,3

56,0

66,7

60,2

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Alguna vez Últimos 12 meses Últimos 30 días

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AMONG 14-18 YEAR-OLDS.

ESTUDES

60,4

46,1

14,8

60,664,4 63,4 61,8

59,8

21,623,7 23,1 23,0

21,0 21,5

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Alguna vez en la vida Diariamente en últimos 30 días

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO AMONG 14-18 YEAR-OLDS.

ESTUDES

36,2

18,2

29,8

20,1

42,7

20,9

26,4

29,5

33,2

37,5

23,4

25,7

28,8

32,8

36,6

25,1

22,5

17,215,7

12,4

20,8

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Alguna vez en la vida Últimos 12 meses Últimos 30 días

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF CANNABIS AMONG 14-18 YEAR-OLDS.

CONCLUSIONS

THERE HAS BEEN A DECREASE IN THE AVAILABILITY OF ALL THE DRUGS, REDUCTION THAT APPEARS FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER A CONTINUING INCREASE SINCE 1994.

The most shared belief among the different groups of people

it has to do with the association between the alcohol consumption and " the positive consequences" that it provides.

• The alcohol provides people with a series of effects or positive consequences

• these are thought to be

beneficial.

• being the main reason for consumption

• This positive consideration towards the alcohol

it causes that we do not see it like a drug

its consumption is not considered to be

like a gateway towards addiction to other drugs.

On the other hand, there are some studies which prove that it is not

very frequent to consume

cocaine heroine without having

tryed before cannabis, alcohol or tabacco.

Among the reasons for Among the reasons for consumption they emphasize:consumption they emphasize:

An increase of the pshyco-physical activity (joy, euphoria, improvement of one´s mood)

Possibility of enjoyment and integration within your group of friends where the majority consumes. Lack of inhibition,

overcoming shame.

Social pressure, sometimes produced

from mass media

• Some people say that they consume them because the others also do it and

to amuse themselves within the group.

• Others take them by simple curiosity, to see

how they feel.

• Some use them to avoid difficult situations that can arise in the university, at

work, with a family or friends.

Also there are people who consume them because they are addictive and they cannot stop consuming them.

there are Even

people who use drugs attracted by myths:

The extended mistaken idea that its occasional use is not harmful for health.

• Its use makes be more self confident• It allows to work during more hours• It makes you feel less tired• It improves the sexual life of the individual

•The prevention of drug consumption.

A high worry in our society

To make young people be aware of them and avoid their consumption

A thing that cannot be renounced.

The prevention wants basically to achieve the following aims

- To be aware and to movilize the society to generate a culture of rejection by encouraging their own values and resources

- To inform and to educate all sorts of people for the positive development of healthy and autonomous life styles.

They should workCoherently

In an integrated way

•Administrations

•Social organisations

•Parents

•Educators

•Media

Society

The actions and programmes to be implementes are applied in the following areas :

• At school

• In the different communities

• Mass media

School prevention

School prevention has grown

It has programmes in different schools with the help of the National Health Service.

1.Programme “In a vegetable garden with my friends”

Fairy book with images and a resource book with activities to be used in the classroom.

2.Programme “The adventure of life”

Album in which the children will stick their 36 stickers related to self-esteem, drugs and healthy habits.

Family prevention•Parents’ workshops, lectures, distribution of materials, counselling services and not very demanding courses are the most frequent types of prevention at this level.

• Their main contents are the development of communication between parents and children and the abilities with their children to fight against drugs´ addiction in general .

Community prevention

• It is focused on young people.

• Most of the programmes are carried out in public places, in the evenings and at night during holidays or at weekends.

• The activities which are organised are funny and they are mainly sports activities, whereas the cultural ones are not so popular.

Prevention in the mass media

• Advertising (tv or cinema)

•Distribution of information

•Leaflets and brochures

• DVDs

• Programmes about drugs on the radio and TV’s

BIBLIOGRAPHYMinisterio de Sanidad y Consumo

Ministerio de Educación, Política Social y Deporte

Murcia Salud. Centro de salud

laquincena.es

marianoaroca.es/ampa

http://www.pnsd.msc.es

Libro informativo plan municipal de acción sobre drogodependencias.Cartagena

http://www.fdmed.org/