He Blends July 08

8/11/2019 He Blends July 08

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Hydrous Ethanol – reducing costs andenergy use

HYDROUS



Outline

• Where does the idea originate from?

• Technical understandings

• Tests / Studies

• Advantages

• Conclusion



Experimental work

Key idea:

Investigating means of improvingprocess technologies used forethanol dehydration



If we can’t get the water out, then let’s see if we canleave it in! The origin of the idea in a nutshell

A provisional patent that PDC filed in May, 2005 at USPTO.• In principle a liquid-liquid extraction column can be used to extract

ethanol from an ethanol-water mixture into a gasoline stream. Thispresumes that the two liquids can be totally separated, but

researchers found this was not the case with hydrous ethanol. In thetop of the extractor, the densities of the two liquids were similar andtook a long time to completely disengage, which led to prohibitivelylarge extractor volumes that were operationally too expensive.

• The further investigation that followed revealed previouslyundocumented aspects of ethanol-water-gasoline fuel blendingproperties, and unrealized potential to advance ethanol productionand use.



HE’s International Patent



Technical understandings – Conventionalwisdom in blending

• Gasoline and water do not mix (2-liquid-phase system).• Ethanol has to be free of water to be blended in gasoline – when

blended in small quantities.• Blends of dry ethanol with gasoline can pick-up water, e.g. from air

humidity.

Quality specifications: water content in Fuel Ethanol• Ethanol used in Europe contains max 0.2% water• USA, ethanol with max. 1% water• HE Blends are based on 96% Ethanol containing 4% water



Technical understandings – Conventionalwisdom in blending

20%

40%

60%

80%

ETHANOL

WATER

20%

40%

60%

80%

GASOLINE 20%40%60%80%

Weight Percent Gasoline



What’s new in blending? – New patented insight

20%

40%

60%

80%

ETHANOL

WATER

20%

40%

60%

80%

GASOLINE 20%40%60%80%

Weight Percent Gasoline

Area ofinterest



Water tolerances in ethanol/gasoline blends

• E5-E6 almost the worst choice from a water tolerance perspective• E10 and higher blends are far better

• Hydrous ethanol can be used for blending in place of anhydrousethanol, when a minimum ethanol percentage and proper fuelformulation practices are maintained

• Existing test methods for water tolerance need to be revisited• ASTM withdrew them already!• Add water + ethanol instead of water separately



What’s new in blending - summary

• HE Blends has patented:• Up to 50% ethanol• From 1 to 10% water

Confirmation example: research lab Major Oil Company • Straight gasoline: haziness observed at -5ºC• Straight gasoline + 5% hE: haziness observed at -34ºC• 10, 15 and 20% hE blends: haziness not detected at -60ºC

Phase separation is not observed in any of the above blends!



Completed Tests

• Hydrous E15 in a standard VW Golf 5 FSI meets EU4 exhaustemission limits, without engine optimization (tested by SGS DriveTechnology Center, Austria & TNO Automotive, The Netherlands)

•

Tested temperature range (ºC): -20, -7, +20, +35

• Lower fuel consumption – first indication



Observations & tests fuel consumption

160%

140%

120%

100%

80%

60% Area of interest

Euro95



Test Observations hE15

Observations by VW distributor, hE15 test car, 32 kkm over 1 year• Cleaner engine interior, no engine deposits• No damage to seals, gaskets, fuel system or whatsoever

• Note: Test car is not modified or optimized, just a

standard VW Golf V as could be bought at your localcar distributor! 072008: successful 50kkm



Study Compares Use of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol

Comparative testing by engineers at Orbital Corporation of hydrous(E93h, E87h, E80h) and anhydrous (E100) ethanol fuels on a directinjection multi-cylinder turbocharged engine found that the engine

may be operated at high load with the same output and efficiency , witheither hydrous or anhydrous ethanol .

Orbital published its results in an SAE paper

presented at Congresso SAE Brasil in

November, 2007.



E-20 Test Results - State of Minnesota

• Results of drivability and compatibility tests by the State ofMinnesota have found that motor vehicles operating on a 20-percent blend of ethanol fuel will perform as well as thoserunning on 10-percent ethanol or gasoline .

• The tests also found that using the higher E-20 ethanol blendsdid not cause significant problems for a wide range of materials,including metals, plastics, rubbers and fuel pumps used invehicle fuel systems.

• The study used nationally recognized standards and protocolsto ensure research quality. It was conducted at Minnesota StateUniversity Mankato and the University of Minnesota.

http://www.mda.state.mn.us/renewable/ethanol/default.htm



Current Tests and Activities

• Joint research project between German and Dutch governments onoptimal percentage of ethanol and water in gasoline @ FEV.

• Market introduction of various HE blends, via Dutch licensee• July ’08: hE15 biosuper introduced in Netherlands market by

Minister of Environmental affairs and Ambassador of Brazil• Project with Province of Noord-Brabant• BEST-Europe project – Rotterdam area

• Marketing and testing programs in a.o. African countries, Indonesia

• North and South American in introductory stage



Current tests and activities



Advantages of Hydrous Ethanol

• Save Capex & Opex• Lower production cost• Less energy use in production

•

Less GHG production well-to-wheel

• Higher Ethanol Production Facility Productivity• Increases throughput volume• Reduces processing complexity and time (“debottlenecking”?)

• Ethanol/Gasoline Fuel Distribution System Benefits• Lower handling costs• Fewer water uptake issues• Helps facilitate pipeline transport



Thank you, for your attentionWe invite you to discuss your ideas and vision with us

He Blends July 08

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