What is HDTV?

HDTV- is high-resolution digital television with Dolby Digital surround sound.

HDTV-is the highest digital television there is.

This allows HDTV to have extraordinary images with stunning sound

This requires new production and transmission equipment at the HDTV

stations.

Why High Definition TV?

HDTV-is one of the most talked about topics today

HDTV is one of the advance technology in TV systems.

It is with higher advancement and greater ability.

To Overcome Limitations

of Analog Television

Noise free pictures

Higher resolution images

Widescreen / HDTV

No Ghosting

Enhanced Sound Services

Other Data services.

Analog vs. Digital

10100110001011011

Analog

An analog signal is one that continuously varies and the strength of the signal carries the information.

Digital

A digital signal is one that contains coded information that carries the information.

What the Signals Look Like

Analog

Records Film (movies, and photos)

Most VCRs

Most TVs (except the new ones)

Waves (sound, radio, light, water… nobody’s sure about light)

All hearing aids, until about 10 years ago

Digital

DVDs

CDs

Digital Photos

Computers

The Internet

New TVs

Satellite Radios

All CIs and Almost all Hearing Aids

Some Examples

Digital TV

Displays as Pixels

Signal is just a bunch of bits

Define color and intensity of each point on the screen

Bit stream is heavily compressed

Captions are also digital

Type Of HDTV

Impact of HDTV

• Broadcasters & consumers spend more $

• Increased visual clarity has forced designers to spend

considerably more money on sets, set dressings

• Blu-Ray vs HD-DVD

3D TV

History

The stereoscope was first invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838. It showed that when two pictures are viewed stereoscopically, they are combined by the brain to produce 3D depth perception. The stereoscope was improved by Louis Jules Duboscq, and a famous picture of Queen Victoria was displayed at The Great Exhibition in 1851. In 1855 the Kinematoscope was invented. In the late 1890s, the British film pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D movie process. On 10 June 1915, former Edison Studios chief director Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell presented tests in red-green anaglyph to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York City and in 1922 the first public 3D movie The Power of Love was displayed.

Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on 10 August 1928, by John Logie Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro-mechanical and cathode-ray tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced it 1935. By the Second World War, stereoscopic 3D still cameras for personal use were already fairly common. In the 1950s, when TV became popular in the United States, many 3D movies were produced for cinema. The first such movie was Bwana Devil from United Artists that could be seen all across the US in 1952. One year later, in 1953, came the 3D movie House of Wax which also featured stereophonic sound. Alfred Hitchcock produced his film Dial M for Murder in 3D, but for the purpose of maximizing profits the movie was released in 2D because not all cinemas were able to display 3D films. In 1946 the Soviet Union also developed 3D films, withRobinzon Kruzo being its first full-length 3D movie.

3D Television

Three-dimensional TV 3D Television is expected to be the next revolution

in the TV history. They implemented a 3D TV prototype system with real-

time acquisition transmission, & 3D display of dynamic scenes. They

developed a distributed scalable architecture to manage the high

computation & bandwidth demands. 3D displayshows high-resolution

stereoscopic color images for multiple viewpoints without special glasses.

This is first real time end-to-end 3D TV system with enough views &

resolution to provide a truly immersive 3D experience.Japan plans to make

this futuristic television a commercial reality by 2020as part of abroad

national project that will bring together researchers from the government,

technology companies and academia. The targeted "virtual reality"

television would allow people to view high definitionimages in 3D from any

angle, in addition to being able to touch and smell the objects being

projected upwards from a screen to the floor .

Why 3D Television

The evolution of visual media such as cinema and television is one of the

major hallmarks of our modern civilization. In many ways, these visual

media now define our modern life style. Many of us are curious: what is our

life style going to be in a few years? What kind of films and television are

we going to see? Although cinema and television both evolved over

decades, there were stages, which, in fact, were once seen as revolutions:

1) at first, films were silent, then sound was added;

2) cinema and television were initially black-and-white, then color was

introduced;

3) computer imaging and digital special effects have been the latest major

novelty.

3D DISPLAY

This is a brief explanation that we hope sorts out some of the confusion

about the many 3D display options that are available today. We'll tell you

how they work, and what the relative tradeoffs of each technique are.

Those of you that are just interested in comparing different Liquid Crystal

Shutter glasses techniques can skip to the section at the end. Of course,

we are always happy to answer your questions personally, and point you to

other leading experts in the field. They use 16 NEC LT-170 projectors with

1024'768 native output resolution. This is less that the resolution of

acquired & transmitted video, which has 1300'1030 pixels. However, HDTV

projectors are much more expensive than commodity projectors.

Commodity projector is a compact form factor. Out of eight consumer PCs

one is dedicated as the controller. The consumers are identical to the

producers except for a dual-output graphics card that is connected to two

projectors. The graphic card is used only as an output device. For real-

projection system as shown in the figure, two lenticular sheets are mounted

back-to-back with optical diffuser material in the center. The front projection

system uses only one lenticular sheet with a retro reflective front projection

screen material from flexible fabric mounted on the back. Photographs

show the rear and front projection.

The projection-side lenticular sheet of the rear-projection display acts as a

light multiplexer, focusing the projected light as thin vertical stripes onto the

diffuser. Close up of the lenticular sheet is shown in the figure 6.

Considering each lenticel to be an ideal Pinhole camera, the stripes

capture the view-dependent radiance of a threedimensional light field. The

viewer side lenticular sheet acts as a light de-multiplexer & projects the

view-dependent radiance back to the viewer. The single lenticular sheet of

the front-projection screen both multiplexes & demultiplexes the light. The

two key parameters of lenticular sheets are the field-of-view (FOV) & the

number of lenticules per inch (LPI). Here it is used 72" ' 48" lenticular

sheets with 30 degrees FOV & 15 LPI. The optical design of the lenticules

is optimized for multiview 3D display. The number of viewing zones of a

lenticular display is related to its FOV. For example, if the FOV is 30

degrees, leading to 180/30 = 6 viewing zones

This system is the first to provide enough view points and enough pixels

per view points to produce an immersive and convincing 3D experience.

Another area of future research is to improve the optical characteristic of

the 3D display computationally. This concept is computational display.

Another area of future research is precise color reproduction of natural

scenes on multiview display.

Advantages of 3D TV Even when not being used for their 3D capabilities, 3D TVs provide remarkable picture

quality. However, it should be noted that the picture is most impressive when displaying

high-definition, 1080p images in 3D. You’ll notice even better quality in the most high-

end varieties, with their less expensive counterparts sometimes displaying double

imaging and ghosting rather than a crisp, sharp image. But, if you’re wowed by the

three-dimensional experience and have sufficient access to 3D programming, it may be

worth your while to invest in this technology.

Disadvantages of 3D TV Though there has been talk of technology on the horizon that allows 3D images to be viewed without special glasses,

for now, they are a necessity. Many find this accessory cumbersome, and if you have a large number of people in

your household and have to purchase multiple pairs of glasses, the cost can add up. If you’re adverse to donning

glasses to view your television’s best feature, 3D TV might not be for you.

Another disadvantage is the amount of 3D programming available. If your desire to purchase one is based on wanting

to view things in 3D quality, you may be hard pressed to find a wide variety of options. There are an emerging

number of 3D Blu-ray disc options available however, and the more 3D TVs grow in popularity over the years, the

more content will become available.

OLED

An exciting technology has been available in many small devices

such as cell phones and digital camera displays for the last 13

years. Soon it may available for use in larger standard office and

home entertainment displays. The technology is organic light

emitting diode (OLED). It is possible that in the next 2-3 years you

may see an 80” OLED in your living room or board room that only

requires 10 or less volts of power to operate. OLED display

devices use organic carbon-based films, sandwiched together

between two charged electrodes. One is a metallic cathode and

the other a transparent anode, which is usually glass. Online

encyclopedia, Wikipedia, defines an organic compound as “any

member of a large class of chemical compounds whose

molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides,

carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon.” The

basic components of an OLED are:

• Substrate. This is support for the OLED.

• Anode. The anode removes electrons when a current flows

through the device.

• Organic layers. These layers are made of organic molecules or

polymers. - Conducting layer. This layer is made of organic plastic

molecules that send electrons out from the anode. - Emissive

layer. This layer is made of organic plastic mol- ecules (different

ones from the conducting layer) that trans- port electrons from the

cathode; this is where light is made.

• Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type

of OLED). The cathode injects electrons when a current flows

through the device. Applying the organic layers to the substrate

can be accomplished in three ways:

1. Vacuum Deposition or Vacuum Thermal Evaporation (VTE). In

a vacuum chamber, the organic molecules are evaporated

through a slow heat process and then allowed to condense as

thin films onto a cooled substrate. This is a very inefficient and

expensive process.

2. Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD). This process

employs an inert carrier gas (such as nitrogen) to precisely

transfer films of organic material onto a cooled substrate in a hot-

walled, low-pressure chamber. The precise transfer and ability to

better control film thickness translates to lower material cost and

higher production throughput.

3. Inkjet Printing. OLEDs are sprayed onto the substrate the same

way our desktop inkjet printer sprays ink onto paper. This greatly

reduces the cost of manufacturing OLEDs and allows for printing

on very large films. This allows for a much lower cost and larger

home displays and PIPD products. One of the major benefits of

OLEDs is their low power consumption when compared to

traditional LEDs or LCDs. OLEDs also do not require backlighting

to function, which in addition to using less power, also lowers

manufacturing costs. Even with all the layers that make up an

OLED, this is an emissive technology – meaning it generates its

own light. An OLED display is very thin and compact, typically has

a viewing angle of 160 degrees and will operate on as little as 2

volts. Imagine today’s typical 60” flat-screen display, but instead

of an 8-in. thick, 250-lb. plasma display or a 65-lb. LCD, your 60”

OLED display is only 1/2” thick and weighs roughly 30 lbs.!

How do OLEDs work?

As previously mentioned, OLEDs are an emissive technology, which means they emits light

instead of diffusing or reflecting a secondary source, as LCDs and LEDs currently do. Below is a

graphic explanation of how the technology works.

Types of OLEDs There currently are six types of OLED screens, each designed for a different

type of use. The types are:

1. Passive Matrix OLEDs (PMOLEDs) have strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of

anode. The anode strips are arranged perpendicular to the cathode strips. The intersections of

the cathode and anode make up the pixels where light is emitted. External circuitry applies

current to selected strips of anode and cathode, determining which pixels get turned on and

which pixels remain off. Again, the brightness of each pixel is proportional to the amount of

applied current. PMOLEDs are easy to make, but they consume more power than other types of

OLED, mainly due to the power needed for the external circuitry. PMOLEDs are most efficient

for text and icons and are best suited for small screens (2- to 3-inch diagonal) such as those

you find in cell phones, PDAs and MP3 players. Even with the external circuitry, PMOLEDs

consume less battery power than the LCDs that are currently used in these devices.

2. Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode,

but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix. The TFT array

itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned on to form an image. AMOLEDs

consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires less power than external

circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays. AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates

suitable for video. The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer monitors, large-screen TVs and

electronic signs or billboards.

3. Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and anode) and,

when turned off, are up to 85% as transparent as their substrate. When a transparent OLED

display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be

either active- or passive-matrix. This technology can be used for heads-up displays.

4. Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective. They are best suited

to active-matrix design. Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays in smart cards.

5. Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. Foldable

OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs

can reduce breakage, a major cause for return or repair. Potentially, foldable OLED displays

can be sewn into fabrics for “smart” clothing, such as outdoor survival clothing with an

integrated computer chip, cell phone, GPS receiver and OLED display sewn into it. 6. White

OLEDs emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient than that emitted

by fluorescent lights. White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of incandescent lighting.

Because OLEDs can be made in large sheets, they can replace fluorescent lights that are

currently used in homes and buildings. Their use could potentially reduce energy costs for

lighting.

OLED Advantages:

The LCD is currently the display of choice in small devices and is also popular in large-screen

TVs. Regular LEDs often form the digits on digital clocks and other electronic devices. OLEDs

offer many advantages over both LCDs and LEDs, including:

• The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the

crystalline layers in an LED or LCD.

• Because the light-emitting layers of an OLED are lighter, the substrate of an OLED can be

flexible instead of rigid. OLED substrates can be plastic rather than the glass used for LEDs and

LCDs.

• OLEDs are brighter than LEDs. Because the organic layers of an OLED are much thinner than

the corresponding inorgan- ic crystal layers of an LED, the conductive and emissive layers of an

OLED can be multi-layered. Also, LEDs and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs

some light. OLEDs do not require glass.

• OLEDs do not require backlighting like LCDs. LCDs work by selectively blocking areas of the

backlight to make the im- ages that you see, while OLEDs generate light themselves. Because

OLEDs do not require backlighting, they consume much less power than LCDs (most of the

LCD power goes to the backlighting). This is especially important for battery-op- erated devices

such as cell phones.

• OLEDs are easier to produce and can be made to larger sizes. Because OLEDs are

essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets. It is much more difficult to grow

and lay down so many liquid crystals.

• OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees. Because LCDs work by blocking light,

they have an inherent viewing obstacle from certain angles. OLEDs produce their own light, so

they have a much wider viewing range.

OLED Disadvantages:

OLED seem to be the perfect technology for all types of displays, however, they do have some

problems, including:

• Lifetime. While red and green OLED films have long lifetimes (10,000 to 40,000 hours), blue

organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (only about 1000 hours).

• Manufacturing. Processes are expensive right now.

• Water. Water can easily damage OLEDs.

OLED Applications:

OLED technology was invented by Eastman Kodak in the early 1980s and, currently, OLEDs

are used in small-screen devices such as cell phones, PDAs and digital cameras. In March

2003, the company introduced the world’s first digital camera with an OLED display. In

September 2004, Sony Corporation announced that it was beginning mass production of OLED

screens for its CLIE PEG-VZ90 model of personal-entertainment handhelds. Several companies

have already built prototype computer monitors and large-screen TVs. In May 2005, Samsung

Electronics announced that it had developed the first 40” OLED-based, ultraslim TV. OLED

Research and development is moving forward at a rapid pace and may soon lead to

applications in heads-up displays (HUD), automotive dashboards, billboard-type displays, home

and office lighting, and flexible displays. OLEDs refresh approximately 1000 times faster than

LCDs. Although a device with an OLED display could change information in real time, the eye

cannot perceive changes to video faster than about 13ms. Refresh rate is also not the end-all in

display products. Many of the highend monitors take advantage of advanced engineering in

scalers and other components to make the view more pleasing to the eye.