HCI CHAPTER !

8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !

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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP


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What is? Its about designing computer systems that support

people so that they can carry out their activitiesproductively and safety

Role in design and development of all kind ofsystem (useable, safety, functional, office system,entertainment, production, etc)

Goal to develop or improve the safety, utility,effectiveness, efficiency, and us ilityof the systemthat include computer.


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Adapted from Figure 1 of the ACM SIGCHI Curricula for

Human-Computer Interaction.


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A set of processes, dialogues, and actionthrough which a human user employs andinteracts with computer (Beacker and Buxton,1987).

A discipline concerned with the design,evaluation and implementation of interactivecomputing systems for human use and with thestudy of major phenomena surrounding them

(ACM SIGCHI, 1992)


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How to keep abreast of changes intechnology

How to ensure that their design offer goodHCI as well as harnessing the potentialfunctionality of the new technology


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The most basic functionality of a video

recorder, playing a tape, is easy to use.

However, anything more advanced, suchas programming a recording, can become

rather difficult.

Some of the buttons on a VCRremote control are easy to

understand, but others are

unfathomable without the

instruction manual.


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Can you see where the toilet paper is in this hotel bathroom?



The toilet paper is well-hidden under the ledge,and is impossible to find without the sign.



An example of ambiguous affordances in door design. The vertical handles mounted

on both sides of the door suggest grasping and pulling. Unfortunately, from one side,

the door has to be pushed! Note the signs above the handles.



How do you open the toothpaste

Design Suggestionprovide the type of sealed cap used on many soft-drink bottles,where unscrewing the cap breaks the seal

include directions on the tube for piercing the sealThe directions should be illustrated graphically so they could beunderstood by speakers of any language



Trap between the door

Design suggestioninstall (swinging) doors that can beopened by both pushing and pulling

install appropriate door handles

Flat push-bar handles would be installedon the sides of the doors to be pushed;the pull-type handles like those shownhere would be installed on the sides ofthe doors to be pulled



How do you open the refrigerator

Design suggestion

It would be best to put ahandle on the front of arefrigerator door so that itcan be easily seen

There should not be visible

handles on both sides



What wrong with this intersection?

Design suggestion

This problem might be fixedby making the green turnarrow more salient.

The arrow might be madelarger and brighter. Another

green arrow might be addedto the overhead traffic light



Where should be looking?

Design suggestion???



Can you use all the function of your: Digital watch ?

Mobile phone ?

Microwave ?

Video recorder ? Washing machine ?

Calculator ?

Software/Application???



Organizational Factors Training, job design, politics, rles, work

organization

Environmental Factors Noise, heating, lighting, ventilation

Health and Safety Factor Stress, headache, musculo-skeletal,disorder

The User Motivation, enjoyment, satisfaction, personality,

experience level



Comfort Factors Seating, equipment, layout

User Interface Factors

Input device, output displays, dialogue structures,use of color, icons, commands, graphics, naturallanguage, 3D, user support materials, multimedia

Task Factor

Easy, complex, novel, task alloction, repetitive,monitoing, skills, components



Constraints Cost, timescales, budgets, staff, equiment, skills,

components

System Functionality Hardware, software, application

Productivity Factor Increase output, increase quality, decrease cost,

decrease errors, decrease labour requirements,decrease production time, increase creative andinnovative idea leading to new products



Cognitive

psychologyComputer

Science

ArtificialIntelligent

Linguistics

Social and

Organizational

psychologyErgonomics and

Human factors

Engineering

Design

Anthropology

Sociology

Philosophy

HCI

Reference : Jenny Preece, et al, 1994. Human Computer Interaction, Addison Wesley



What is HCI design and how does it differfrom the software engineering waterfallmodel?

Who gets involved in design?

What is creative design?



Computers are used by wide variety of differentkinds of people and not just technicalspecialists as in the past, so it is important todesign HCI that supports the needs, knowledgeand skills of the intended users

A user interface is those aspect of the systemthat the user comes in contact with (Moran,1981)

Usability is a key concept in HCI. It isconcerned with making system safe, easy tolearn and easy to use.



HCI is concerned with understanding,designing, evaluating and implementinginteractive computing system for human use

The goals of HCI are to develop or improve the

safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, andusability of system for human use

The importance of HCI is demonstrated byevidence of increases productivity and improve

safety


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Organizational issues that need to be takeninto account include the way different peoplesactivities interrelate within an organization andhow technology impacts upon these activities

The introduction of, or change in a technicalsystem can influence peoples job content,working practices and job satisfaction,personnel policies, power and influence andalso physical aspects of the working

environment such as space.


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HCI is concerned with designing computersystem to match the needs of people

HCI draw from the knowledge and methods ofmany different disciplines, chiefly computer

science, cognitive psychology, social scienceand ergonomics or human factors. Computer science provides knowledge about

technology and a wide assortment of softwaretools and methods for facilitating design anddevelopment


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Cognitive psychology provides knowledgeabout the capabilities and limitations of user.Recent work on distributed cognition aims tomodel the way groups of user interact withthe artefacts that they use and each other in

their natural environment Social psychology helps to explain thestructure and the functions of organizationsthrough the use of technique likeenthnomethodology

Ergonomic and human factors knowledgeensure that the hardware and software isdesigned so that it does not damage userphysiologically


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HCI can be viewed as a model in whichpeople, activities (often concerned withwork), technology and the environment

(social, organization and physical) areclosed interrelated

HCI design should be user-centered,integrated knowledge from different

disciplines and be highly iterative.


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Dialogue the exchange of instructions andinformation that takes place between a userand a computer.

Ventilation exposure to air

Salient - significant

HCI CHAPTER !

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