HCC Ethics Training - Weebly€¦ · training program. The Ethics eLearning Program designed for...

HCC Ethics Training Final Bid Proposal

SUBMITTED ON:

7/23/2010

Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities, because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which, fulfilled, can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength for our nation. --John F. Kennedy

http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/john-f-kennedy/index.htm

|HCC Final Bid Proposal 2

Table of Contents

CUSTOM SOLUTIONS ________________________________________________________________ 4

SCENARIO-BASED TRAINING ___________________________________________________________ 4

WHY COLLABORATIVE LEARNING? _____________________________________________________ 5

SYNCHRONOUS ELEARNING ___________________________________________________________ 5

ASYNCHRONOUS ELEARNING __________________________________________________________ 5

DEFINING SUCCESS __________________________________________________________________ 6

WHY ELEARNING? ___________________________________________________________________ 6

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ____________________________________________________________ 6

LEARNING OBJECTIVES _______________________________________________________________ 6

THE FIVE FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES ________________________________________________________ 7

EMPLOYEE PERSONAL CONDUCT ____________________________________________________________ 7

APPROPRIATE USE OF COMPANY ASSETS ______________________________________________________ 7

PROGRAM OUTLINE ________________________________________________________________ 7

TRAINING SCHEDULE _____________________________________________________________ 8

PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN _________________________________________________________ 9

LEVEL ONE: STUDENTS’ REACTION _____________________________________________________ 9

LEVEL TWO: LEARNING RESULTS _______________________________________________________ 9

LEVEL THREE: BEHAVIOR IN THE WORKPLACE ____________________________________________ 9

LEVEL FOUR: BUSINESS RESULTS _____________________________________________________ 10

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS __________________________________________________________ 10

QUALITY ASSURANCE ____________________________________________________________ 10

CONTENT QUALITY ____________________________________________________________________ 10

DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEMS TESTING ______________________________________________________ 11

DEVELOPMENT TESTING _________________________________________________________________ 11

SYSTEMS TESTING _____________________________________________________________________ 11

LMS TESTING ________________________________________________________________________ 11

CLIENT APPROVAL PROCEDURES ___________________________________________________ 11


RISK ANALYSIS __________________________________________________________________ 12

COST PROPOSAL __________________________________________________________________ 14

STAFFING DESIGN _________________________________________________________________ 15

KEY PERSONNEL ___________________________________________________________________ 15

HCC STAFF REQUIRED FOR TRAINING IMPLEMENTATION __________________________________________ 15

REFERENCES ____________________________________________________________________ 17


4th Dimension Learning Solutions ♦ 123 Main Street Denver, Colorado 80205 ♦ (800)838-5000 Fax (720)838-5001

Thank you for considering 4th Dimension Learning Solutions for your ethics training needs. 4th Dimension Learning has been in business since 1992, coming to you with over 20 years combined experience in eLearning, Instructional Design, Instructional Technology and Website Production. Starting out as a small one-stop shop in Denver, Colorado, we provided eLearning solutions for individuals and small companies looking for a training solution that worked within a tight budget or timeframe. We were dedicated to providing a high level of customer service back then because we knew that even as we grew our business, it was our customer relationships that were the most important to our success. While we expand, our commitment to our customer and our core values still remain the same. We are confident that you will be completely satisfied with the services that we can offer your company. Not only have we had a 100 percent success rate with all of our clients, we are also able to produce high-level training under budget and within a competitive timeframe. We are familiar with all the latest technologies and are able to produce cutting edge multimedia simulations and presentations in order to provide you with the highest level of Instructional Design and eLearning needs.

Custom Solutions As an alternative to traditional, expensive, off-site meetings, we would like to present an alternative solution. Our solution consists of a collaborative, engaging, online learning experience (eLearning). It’s important to us to preserve the best elements from the previous training program, the annual ethics training, while streamlining training practices. With our program, peers will continue to collaborate and discuss problems in the company in either, asynchronous or synchronous discussions throughout the program. Although our proposed training program is designed for senior and mid-level managers, we are confident that the learning needs of the entire HCC company can be served through an online training program. The Ethics eLearning Program designed for HCC will include:

Scenario-based Training

“Do the right thing in all business and personal situations.” This company motto communicates to us what should be the core of the ethics training program. This calls for a scenario-based learning program where employees will not only be able to identify the key concepts within the program but also apply them to real-world situations within the HCC context. Researchers at Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL) have identified nine instructional strategies that are most likely to improve student achievement across all content areas. Well-designed inquiry learning produces knowledge formation that can be widely applied is one of the most effective strategies used for learning (McREL, 2010). Courses are designed so that participants make connections to previous knowledge, bring their own questions to learning, investigate to satisfy their own questions and design ways to try out their ideas.


When students are provided with opportunities to interact with each other, their learning is enhanced (Marzano, 2010). The diverse and positive outcomes that simultaneously result from cooperative efforts make it one of the most remarkable and fertile areas of theory, research, and practice of learning. (Johnson, Johnson, & Stanne, 2000) HCC Scenario-based Training Consisting of multifaceted learning activities and structured around difficult ethics challenges and concerns, the scenario based training will engage the participants in rich interaction. This unique type of learning provides professionals with real world examples and solutions, stimulates new ideas and perspectives, and creates a professional collaborative environment.

Why Collaborative Learning

Research shows that students who learn through collaborative methods develop better critical thinking skills than those who learn individually (Gokhale, 1995). Developing these critical thinking skills will empower your employees with the ability to not only know about the ethical concepts but also to assess ethical situations and use the concepts to solve problems in these situations. In this program, learners will use collaborative tools both synchronously and asynchronously to address ethical issues that apply to the HCC context. You indicated that collaboration among the participants has been a key part of ethics training. Managers not only need to be able to “discuss specific problems that surface in the company from time to time” but also share best practices on how to provide the best support possible to their teams. We would like to preserve this tradition and propose a more effective collaborative learning strategy that will foster an in-depth understanding of the concepts and reinforce a cooperative team spirit.

Synchronous eLearning

In the synchronous learning part of the program, Adobe Connect web conferencing software will be

used to facilitate group discussions where learners can discuss the ethical concepts from the training

and share their own experiences where those concepts surfaced in the workplace. The facilitator will

use audio and video within the web conference to present the learners with their group problem-solving

project and thoroughly explain the directions of the task. After working on their projects

asynchronously through group discussion threads, learners will collaborate using Adobe Connect

breakout groups to finalize their presentations and finally present and discuss their ethical solutions

with the class.

Asynchronous eLearning

Research shows that asynchronous learning allows students to spend more time reflecting on and

responding to course materials than in a traditional classroom setting (Shea, Pickett, & Pelz, 2003).

Learners will engage each other in group discussions within the LMS that focus on their assigned group

project. By allowing learners time to asynchronously reflect on and discuss their projects, they will be

able to use the synchronous eLearning time for coordinating their projects and engaging their peers in

real-time discussions.


Defining Success

Your feedback indicated to us that you are open to suggestions on how we should measure success of the ethics training. Our aim is to provide you with a clear framework on how to do so. Because our approach focuses on building the intellectual capital of the management team and their respective subordinates, we believe that the framework should take a holistic approach that focuses on the entire company rather than just the management team.

Why eLearning?

eLearning enables unique forms of education that fits within the existing paradigms of face to face and distance education. There are several distinct advantages of participating in eLearning centered training programs.

Extendibility, Accessibility, and Suitability

Training courses are customized for your business needs and developed in a recursive design process.

Exploratory learning environments.

The curriculum and instruction are based on integrated, cooperative tasks and activities that engage learners in forms of pragmatic social action that have real value in the world.

Cross Platform

We can deliver your training course to any machine over the Internet or company intranet without having to develop a different course for each unique platform.

Inexpensive worldwide distribution

No separate or distinct distribution mechanism is needed (i.e., distributing CD-ROMs for CBT training). eLearning can be accessed from any computer anywhere in the world.

Ease of content update Changes made to any of your content are immediately available to your employees across the world.

Travel cost and time savings Learning is delivered directly to the learner.

Web browsers and Internet connections are widely available

Installation options on private networks for security or greater bandwidth. If you opt for intranet delivery, you have more control over plug-ins and bandwidth.

Access is controllable HCC can direct and monitor who receives web training - when, how many times, and in what sequence.

Worldwide collaboration Industry professionals can discuss relevant issues through online forums and blogs created specifically for HCC.

Program Description

Learning objectives

By the end of our program, participants will be able to:


Identify appropriate and inappropriate employee personal conduct.

Identify appropriate and inappropriate use of company assets.

Apply the concepts to realist situations on the job.

Demonstrate proper facilitation techniques of HCC ethics training.

The Five Foundational Principles

Reviewing the general ethics policies and procedures with eLearning technologies will bring training closer to your employees. The new delivery methods, which include computer-based and interactive distance learning technologies, will increase the availability and effectiveness of the training provided.

Employee Personal Conduct

Managers will explore multiple ethics topics in depth and identify the concepts through various situations within the HCC context. This training presents an opportunity for employees to engage in rich interaction activities and collaboration while bridging the gap between the training process and real world applications.

Appropriate Use of Company Assets

Projects require and benefit from group activities to plan, decide, analyze, and extract high-quality information in a compressed amount of time. This training will dramatically increase productivity of HCC meetings, group projects, and within departmental teams. Managers will acquire coaching techniques that guide your employees and teams to develop clear deliverables, solve challenges and make consensus-based decisions.

Program Outline

Course Title Content Outline Objectives Activities


Lesson 1: Ethics -Defined: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) -Benefits -Impact Lesson 2: HCC Policy -Accountability—all employees will be answerable for their conduct and choices -Honesty—truth is the only acceptable answer in all business and personal dealings -Integrity—We will do what we say and say what we will do -Openness—All employees will be forthright in their responses regardless of the question -Respect—All employees are valued and treated with dignity and thoughtfulness

Recognize the five principals. Analyzing how to apply the principals in the work place. Understanding how a principal can be violated.

Introduction Presentations Presentations – Examples of each principal Discussion – asynchronous Quiz - evaluation of content and verification of understanding.


Lesson 3: Global Ethics -Updates and current trends -Resources


Lesson 1: HCC Policies -Harassment and discrimination -Confidentiality -Conflicts of Interest -Safety -Competing ethically Lesson 2: Violations -Reporting -Appropriate conduct -Consequences

Promoting a positive work environment. Respecting others in the workplace.

Introduction 5 Scenario Based Activities Synchronous discussion after each scenario Presentation Survey – evaluation of program and verification of understanding.


Lesson 1: Review HCC policies -Email -Internet -Documentation and records -Confidentiality Lesson 2: Misuse -Consequences -Protection

Recognizing company assets. Understanding how to protect company assets.

Introduction Group Project – breakout session in Adobe Connect Discussions

Training Schedule Activities


Introduction (eLearning) Day 1 80 min

eLearning 20 min

ILT 60 min


Simulation Training-Harassment and discrimination Day 2 80 min

eLearning 20 min

ILT 60 min

Simulation Training-Confidentiality Day 2 80 min

eLearning 20 min

ILT 60 min

Simulation Training-Conflicts of Interest Day 3 80 min

eLearning 20 min

ILT 60 min

Simulation Training-Safety Day 4 80 min

eLearning 20 min


ILT 60 min

Simulation Training-Competing ethically Day 5 80 min

eLearning 20 min

ILT 60 min


Group Projects Day 6-10 190 min

Group Project Kick off Activities Day 6 60 min

Group Project Asynchronous Discussions Day 6-9 N/A

Group Project Synchronous Discussions Day 10 120 min

Evaluations Day 10 30 min

Total Training Time 680 min

Program Evaluation Plan

4th Dimension Learning Solutions is dedicated to creating effective learning and making sure the quality of your completed training is of the highest standard. We would like to finalize the process by making sure that your initial stated goals as well as the business needs of your company have been clearly met. We would like to evaluate the completed training by using The Kirkpatrick Model for Summative Evaluation. In this method there are four levels of evaluation. We will be looking closely at these four areas of learning as we try to access any areas that may need to be revised or modified post training:

Level One: Reaction

Level Two: Learning

Level Three: Behavior

Level Four: Results After completing these four levels of evaluation, we would like to meet with you at your convenience to discuss any areas where the training may need to be improved or revised. We would like to plan this meeting at approximately 18 months after the fourth level has been completed.

Level One: Students’ Reaction

This level is used to measure if students enjoyed the training and if the thought the training was effective and or useful. In order to complete this level we will be using an online questionnaire. Once these results are gathered we will make any needed adjustments to the training and continue on to Level Two.

Level Two: Learning Results

This level focuses on the actual results of the training. We will be looking at whether or not the student “learned” anything from the training. We will use a pre-test and post test exam to evaluate this portion of the training as a way to compare and contrast results.

Level Three: Behavior in the Workplace

In this level of evaluation we will measure how much information a student has actually retained from the training. Are the new skills and knowledge that was “learned” being implemented in the workplace? In order to complete this evaluation portion we will be using a survey tool at approximately 6-8 months after initial


training has taken place. Managers will also be tasked to meet with employees to discuss outcomes and evaluate if the training has indeed been effective.

Level Four: Business Results

In this final level of evaluation we will start to look at actual business results and outcomes. In this portion of the evaluation process we will need to collect data from your sales, marketing and training teams to see how effective the training has been for your company. We will plan on completing this portion of the evaluation at approximately 12-18 months post training. We will also be using two control groups consisting of both personal that have been trained versus those that have not. We will use these control groups as a way to compare and contrast each against each other. Has there been an increase in revenue with those employees that have had the training? After completing these four levels of evaluation we would like to meet with you at your convenience to discuss any areas where the training may need to be improved or revised. We would like to plan this meeting at approximately 18 months after the fourth level has been completed.

Technical Requirements

Online Training Program

IBM-PC compatible personal computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems (Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7)

Standard Internet browsers (suggested: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome) with various browser plug-ins (Windows Media Player, Flash, Java, etc.)

Microsoft Office suite of products (Access, Word, Excel, PowerPoint) We highly recommend that you use the most recent version of your browser for best compatibility with most Internet applications. You may want to update your Internet Browser, or add a new browser to see which one you like best. There are a number of Internet browsers that are compatible with our training programs.

Quality Assurance We adhere to a strict quality assurance policy to ensure that you receive a quality training program in terms of content, design, and functionality. We have divided our quality staff to address quality assurance in two categories:

Content Quality

Our quality assurance (QA) specialist is responsible for reviewing all eLearning and instructor-led training content and ensuring quality in terms of instructional design, format and language. The QA specialist partners with the instructional designer and the media development team to complete the following tasks:

Review all instructor-led training documents created by the instructional designer to ensure the design and content is ready for client approval.

Review all eLearning documents created by the instructional designer to ensure the design and content is ready for media development.


Review all eLearning media builds created by the media development team to ensure the instructional design and content is ready for client approval

Development and Systems Testing

Our development and systems tester is responsible for ensuring that all eLearning is functional within your operational environment. The tester works with the media development team and your IT department to complete the following tasks:

Development testing

Our eLearning goes through an extensive quality assurance process before it ever reaches the LMS. Once the QA specialist has conducted the final review of the media built, the tester will run a series of tests to make sure the web content is SCORM compliant and all interactions are fully functional.

Systems Testing

Learning Management System (LMS) testing – Upon completion of LMS configuration, we thoroughly test functionality, accessibility and security within the LMS.

Hardware testing – We make sure that the eLearning program runs smoothly on HCC computers.

Systems Compatibility testing – We make sure that the eLearning program runs smoothly on HCC systems and does not interfere with other critical applications.

Browser testing – We make sure that your internet browsers work properly with the LMS

LMS Testing

Our team will perform the following tasks to make sure that the LMS is fully operational upon program implementation: Define the following conventions and set them up for the pilot training wave:

User IDs

Passwords

Courses

Classes

Course categories

Hierarchy levels o Customize reporting functions for program needs o Set up a catalog management system o Brand the LMS for HCC look and feel o Set up collaborative learning functions o Ensure that the LMS interface will work with existing HCC corporate systems

Client Approval Procedures To ensure that you are fully satisfied with the program, we have included regular approval checkpoints throughout the project plan. During the kick off meeting between FDLS and HCC teams, we will identify the following HCC resources to serve as subject matter experts (SME):


HCC Ethics Training SME – Provides FDLS with feedback on the instructional content throughout the design process and gives the final approval to move forward.

IT SME - Works with our tester to ensure full functionality of the eLearning technology components.

Risk Analysis 4th Dimension has an extensive history with prior clients and has successfully managed Risk analysis and mitigation by using the following method: 1. We Define Risk Prior to Each New Project We define risk analysis criteria and brief personal prior to project start. Some types of risks we like to consider: - Staffing and or Personal Risks (plan for personal leave, sickness or unforeseen events if needed) - Vendor or supplier Risks (research supply and demand) - Facility and or Resource Risks (update in-house requirements such as software etc.) 2. We Anticipate “Risk” Before it Occurs: - What is the probability of this issue occurring, has it happened to us in the past? - What’s the severity of this occurrence and what is the fall-out, how do we resolve it? - What can we do to mitigate the “fall-out” of this particular event? 3. We “Scope Out” Risk We factor risk and mitigation into the project plan for our customer and adjust budget and timeline constraints in order to meet the needs of all of our customers. - Problems with software, hardware, estimation errors, outsourcing delays, funding issues and legal issues etc. 4. We develop a solid “game plan” in order to respond to and mitigate issues as they surface we make sure we have all the necessary resources in place prior to each new project. - How can the team successfully handle this event? - What has 4th Dimension experienced in the past? - How have we managed risks and resolved issues? - What is our “back-up” plan? Given the newness of ethics training program from a change management and technology perspective, we have identified a list of project management risks and steps to mitigate them throughout the project. Below is a list of risked that have been ranked according to probability.

Risk Source Category

Description Probability Steps to Mitigate Risk


Change Impact

Target learners may be resistant to the new approach to training.

Support staff may be resistant to the new approach to training.

High Work with HCC communications staff to determine the most effective way to promote the new program. Communications will promote the importance of the program and the benefits for the company and its employees for an eLearning solution.

Create an interactive job aid that introduces users to the new system.

Set up meetings with essential HCC staff to answer any questions and address any concerns regarding the new program.

FDLS will work with organizational leaders to determine the most effective ways to facilitate communicate with concerned HCC employees.

Team

Can’t find the desired resources (eLearning software and systems tester)

FDLS and HCC teams lack of experience working together.

High Outsource this position to a preferred vendor.

Use the kickoff meetings to introduce our team with the necessary HCC support staff. Any team conflicts will be discussed through the project manager and handled accordingly.

Technology

Use of non-standard technology

High Indentify client IT SMEs in the kickoff meetings and engage them throughout the development and implementation process. Our test will work with HCC IT staff for each testing phase (see testing tasks) to ensure functionality of the eLearning components.

Stakeholder involvement

Key stakeholders not fully engaged

HCC stakeholder needs not completely identified

Low During the initial kick-off meeting, the project manager will elicit essential contacts of those who will need to be engaged throughout the project.

Include several checkpoints in the project where client approval is necessary to precede. We will work with our client SMEs on a frequent basis to ensure that the program content is relevant and that the instructional


design supports stakeholder needs.

Schedule

Proposed training schedule is not suitable to the client business needs.

Low Submit our proposed curriculum schedule for client approval at the beginning of the project. We will engage SME feedback from SMEs in the HCC training department to determine the best possible schedule.

Cost Proposal Resource Work hours Cost/hr Total

Instructional Designer 286.23 $52.60 $15,055.70

Project Manager 28 $90.00 $2,520.00

Instructional Technologist 148 $50.00 $7,400.00

Media Specialist 298 $60.00 $17,880.00

QA Specialist 102 $55.00 $5,610.00

Tester 100 $45.00 $4,500.00

Total Human Resources $52,965.70

Adobe Connect $540

Stock Images $600

Learning Management System $32,000

Total Costs and Materials $33,140

Total Program Budget $86,105.70

A complete resource and cost breakdown were calculated using Microsoft Project. The Microsoft Project

Report includes a breakdown of all tasks, the person assigned to the task, the cost of the learning

management system (LMS), and any additional costs to consider. The personnel were then assigned an

hourly rate based on data collected from professional experience and web resources.

Personnel included are Project Manager, Instructional Designer, Instructional Technologist, Multimedia

Specialist, QA Specialist, and a Tester. Most personnel are located in-house while others will be

contracted to complete the project and provide a quality product for the client.

The level of effort activities was based on a 2080 hour labor year. Tasks will be completed within a

regular business week, Monday through Friday and based on a 40 hour work week. The completion time

for each task was determined by professional experiences.

Management requirements on the clients end are minimal due to the role of the project manager, who

is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the project and delegating duties as needed. The cost of the

LMS will need to be included in the overhead costs, due to the needs of the development team.


Other risks associated with the cost could include underestimating the cost of external resources and

the allocated time to complete each task. The estimated cost for outsourced personnel such as the QA

Specialist and the LMS Tester was based on industry experience and external resources. The estimated

time to complete each task was also based on industry experience. The migration for potential cost

overruns will include padding extra time for each task and estimating the cost for external resources on

the higher end of the spectrum.

Staffing Design

Key personnel

Amber Olson, Multimedia Specialist Amber comes to us with an extensive background in Flash, Audio, Video and Web Design. With over 8 years combined experience, Amber is responsible for creating our cutting edge multimedia simulations. Her creativity and unique style makes her top notch in her industry. The multimedia specialist is responsible for handling all multimedia associated with each course including audio, video, and presentations.

Christina Gille, Instructional Technologist Christina has over 12 years experience which includes working with small start-up companies to large corporations. She has worked as an Instructional Technologist for well over 4 years. Christina has an extensive graphic communication background and the uncanny ability to “think outside the box.” Christina has a strong technological base and keen understanding of how an LMS works and how to update and maintain our client’s needs. The instructional technologist is responsible for formatting the content into the LMS and maintaining all content.

Greg Mason, Project Manager Greg comes to us with an extensive background in project management. A proven leader Greg has over 6 years of combined experience in multimedia communications, adult education and eLearning technologies. Greg’s innovative spirit has been instrumental in growing our company to the high level of creativity and professionalism that it is today. The project manager is responsible for scoping out all aspect of the project and meeting deadlines for the project’s completion.

Lisa Puckett, Instructional Designer Lisa has over 7 years combined experience in eLearning, education, sales and marketing. Lisa has the ability to jump right into a project and follow through with our clients from start to finish. Lisa is a top notch Instructional Designer who has a passion for the industry and is able to create viable Instructional materials. The instructional designer is responsible for collecting all content from subject matter experts, editing, and organization of content.

HCC Staff Required for Training Implementation

Once the program is ready for implementation, we will require the following HCC resources:

Training Coordinator - Coordinates training schedules and assigns training within the LMS. This role is essential to ensure the pilot and subsequent training waves are properly organized.

Webinar Facilitator – Facilitates synchronous instructor led training (The FDLS lead instructional designer will facilitate the training for the pilot wave. This person will then conduct a train-the-trainer session with the HCC training staff that trained the previous ethics training program.)


The entire FDLS Instructional Design Team will work closely with the HCC training team at all stages of development and implementation. During that time we will continuously monitor and adjust the training program to customize HCC specific training requirements.

Contract personnel as required In the past, 4th Dimension has been able to complete almost all of the client work in-house utilizing our current employee resources. We usually work on no more than two large scale client projects simultaneously. We do this so as to provide the highest quality product and excellent customer service to our clients. If needed however, we have been able to outsource work successfully to the following agencies with a 100% success rate: Company: Arrow, Design Consulting 57 Fairview Ave. Denver, Co 80678 Arrow has worked extensively with 4th Dimension in the past to provide cutting edge design, instructional design, course builds and multimedia simulations. Company: Juniper Instructional Services, Inc. 2911 South Olathe Way. Aurora, Co 80113 Jupiter has an extensive pool of contractors at hand which can provide editorial, copyediting and specialty SME work if required. Company: Limewire Contracting Services 3480 North Buckley Way. Westminster, Co 80323 Limewire has successfully been able to introduce high quality Instructional design, graphics and multimedia presentations.


References

Gokhale, A. (1995). Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking.Journal of Technology Education, 7

(1) , Retrieved October 15, 2008, from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/jte-v7n1/gokhale.jte-

v7n1.html

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Stanne, M. B. (2000). Cooperative Learning Methods: A Meta-Analysis.

Minneapolis, Minnesota: Univerisity of Minnesota: The Cooperative Learning Center.

Marzano, R. (2010, July 14). Research Reports. Retrieved Spring, 2009 from Marzano Research

Labratory: http://www.marzanoresearch.com/site/default.aspx

McREL. (2010, July 14). McREL Home. From Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL):

http://www.mcrel.org/

Shea, P. J., Pickett, A. M., & Pelz, W. E. (2003). A follow-up investigation of "teaching presence" in the

SUNY Learning Network. Journal for Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7, 61-80.

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/jte-v7n1/gokhale.jte-v7n1.html

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/jte-v7n1/gokhale.jte-v7n1.html

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