HBM,Neuro, Post

7/29/2019 HBM,Neuro, Post

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8:30-8:55 Psychosomatic Medicine

8:55-9:00 Break

9:00-9:50 Pain

9:50-10:00 Break10:00-10:25 Behavioral Neuroanatomy

10:25-10:30 Break

10:30-10:55 Cultural Diversity

Afternoon Blackboard Video Exercise #3


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Behavioral Neuroanatomy

Anna DePold Hohler, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology


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Learning Objectives

Match the regions/divisions of the cerebralcortex to their major functions

Identify the four structural components ofthe basal ganglia

Discuss the hemispheric specialization in

terms of function


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http://02a53ed.netsolhost.com/eyedocksblog/neuroplasticity-teaching-

an-old-brain-new-tricks


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Divisions of the brain and their

function: Frontal Lobes Four Major Subdivisions:

Motor strip

Supplemental Motor Area

Brocas area- language function, dominanthemisphere (left for most right handed

people) Prefrontal Cortex


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function: Prefrontal cortex

The story of Phineas Gage.

Orbitofrontal cortex is involved in controlover biological drives

If damaged it can result in inappropriate

behavior, poor judgment, and lack ofremorse

Involved in reward circuit and activatedin drug addicts

Dorsolateral convexity is involved inplanning for future action

If damaged it can cause decreasedmotivation, attention and mooddisturbances


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function: Frontal Lobes Medial cortex is involved in control of

movement

If damaged it can result in apathy, decreasedspontaneous movement, and walkingproblems with incontinence

Schizophrenia and obsessive compulsivedisorders are both associated with decreasedbilateral prefrontal cortical activity asmeasured by functional MRI and PET.


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function: Frontal Lobes Decreased activity in the left prefrontal

regions can result in depression, activation

of this region can result in a positive mood Decreased activity in the right prefrontal

regions can manifest with elevated mood,

and activation in this region can result instress.


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function: Temporal Lobes Help with memory, learning, emotion and

auditory processing

Damage can result in impaired memory,aggressive behavior, and inability tounderstand language (Wernickes aphasia

with a left sided lesion)


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http://www.themarketoracle.biz/Article2659.html


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function: Limbic Lobes Amygdala is involved in coordination of emotion

(anger and aggression) If damaged it can lead to Kluver Bucy syndrome

(decreased aggression, increased sexuality, andhyperorality), or a decreased conditioned fearresponse, or an inability to recognized facial and vocalexpressions of anger in others

Hippocampus is involved in memory storage If damaged it can lead to poor new learning

The volume of limbic structures like the amygdala andthe hippocampus are reduced in patients withschizophrenia.


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http://www.sofiatopia.org/equiaeon/henotheism.htm

Papez Circuit


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function: Parietal Lobes The parietal lobes are responsible for

sensation and body image

Damage to the parietal lobes can lead toimpaired intelligence, impaired possessing ofvisual information

Gerstmanns syndrome can result from a leftparietal lobe lesion and produce fingeragnosia, alexia, agraphia, right left confusion,and acalculia.


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http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-

z-of-medical-conditions/stroke/specific-nps-stroke.shtml


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function: Occipital Lobes Responsible for vision and visual

processing

If the occipital lobes are damaged visualhallucinations, illusions or blindness canresult.


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The basal ganglia Receive information from the

cerebral cortex and project it to thefrontal lobes via the thalamus. Striatum (caudate nucleus and the

putamen)

Pallidum (globus pallidus)

Substantia nigra

Subthalamic nucleus

Translate the desire to executemovement into actual movements.


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The basal ganglia

Parkinsons symptoms can be produced byoveractivity of the striatum or damage to thesubstantia nigra

Huntingtons disease can be produced byunderactivity of the striatum and shrinkage ofthe caudate nucleus

Tourettes syndrome is associated with damageto the caudate

Hemiballismus or flailing movements can becaused by damage to the subthalamic nucleus


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Hemispheric specialization

The right hemisphere is involved in spatialrelations, body image, recognition of faces andmusic, puzzle solving, map reading, and musicaland artistic abilities.

The left hemisphere is involved in language(speech, writing, reading). The left hemisphereis dominant in right handed and most lefthanded individuals.

The connection between the hemisphere is thecorpus callosum and the commissures.


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Summary of Learning Objectives

Match the regions/divisions of the cerebralcortex to their major functions

Identify the four structural components ofthe basal ganglia

Discuss the hemispheric specialization in

terms of function


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Questions


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8:30-8:55 Psychosomatic Medicine

8:55-9:00 Break

9:00-9:50 Pain

9:50-10:00 Break10:00-10:25 Behavioral Neuroanatomy

10:25-10:30 Break

10:30-10:55 Cultural Diversity

Afternoon Blackboard Video Exercise #3

HBM,Neuro, Post

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