HAZMAT AWARENESS
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First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
UNIT 1 - “Preparation”
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Unit ObjectivesUnit Objectives
• Identify OSHA and EPA training requirements
• Identify the role of the Awareness Level First Responder
• Identify the roles of the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
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Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials
• Defined in numerous ways– U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
– U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• Simplified Definition
• Extremely Hazardous Substances
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Hazardous Materials IncidentsHazardous Materials Incidents
“Haz-Mat” incidents are unique incidents. They require specialized protective measures not normally
available to first responders ANDthey demand a different operational
approach!
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Mechanisms of HarmMechanisms of Harm
T.E.A.M. C.P.R.Thermal Chemical
Etiological Psychological
Asphyxiation Radiological
Mechanical
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Public Safety “Duty to Act”Public Safety “Duty to Act”
• Public safety responders have a “Duty to Act”.
• Your level of involvement is defined by your employer’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP).
• The actions you are expected to take should be in Standard Operating Procedure format.
• NEVER exceed your level of training and protection!
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Awareness Level Response GoalsAwareness Level Response Goals
Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
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North American Emergency Response Guidebook
North American Emergency Response Guidebook
• Your tool for success.
• Every emergency vehicle should have a copy.
• Purpose:– An aid for identification of the material involved.
– Outlines basic initial actions.
– Recommends protective action areas.
– Serves as an initial incident safety plan.
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Legal MandatesLegal Mandates
• Superfund Amendments and Re-Authorization Act of 1986 (SARA 1986).
• SARA Title I, Section 126 mandated OSHA to develop safety regulations for responders.
• SARA Title III requires local communities and facilities to plan and prepare for hazardous materials emergencies.
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Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)
• OSHA and EPA’s safety standard which was developed in accordance with the mandate of SARA Title I, Section 126.
• Codified as OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR 311.
• Enforced in Florida by the Florida Department of Labor and Employment Security as well as OSHA and EPA.
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Five Levels of TrainingFive Levels of Training
• First Responder Awareness Level
• First Responder Operational Level
• Hazardous Materials Technician• Hazardous Materials Specialist• Hazardous Materials Incident Commander
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Operational ModesOperational Modes
• Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions.
• Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions.
• The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.
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Unit SummaryUnit Summary
• Definition and difference
• T.E.A.M. C.P.R. lists the potential hazards
• Duty to Act
• Four roles for awareness responders R.I.P. NOT!
• Employer’s Emergency Response Plan
• Five levels of training
• Two operational modes
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First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
Unit 2 - “Hazard Identification”
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Unit 2 - Hazard IdentificationUnit 2 - Hazard Identification
Unit Objectives:- Identify the six clues to the presence
of hazardous materials.
- Identify the various hazard classes of hazardous materials.
- Describe ways in which you can determine the specific identity of a hazardous material.
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Remember your four goals!Remember your four goals!
Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
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Six Basic Clues to RecognitionSix Basic Clues to Recognition
1 - Occupancy and location2 - Container shape and size3 - Placards and labels4 - Shipping papers/facility
documents5 - Markings and colors6 - Human senses
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Clue # 1 - Occupancy and LocationClue # 1 - Occupancy and Location
• Specific occupancy or general area
• Fixed facilities• Five modes of hazardous
materials transportation– Rail, air, marine, highway and
pipeline
• Drug lab considerations
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Clue # 2 - Container Shape and SizeClue # 2 - Container Shape and Size
• Classifications– Portable, fixed or transportation
• Pressure– Non-pressurized, low or high pressure
• Vapor Pressure and Storage– The higher the pressure, the greater the
potential for catastrophic failure
– BLEVE
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Clue # 3 - Placards and LabelsClue # 3 - Placards and Labels
• Placards and their limitations– Not always required
– The 1000 pound rule
• Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class
• Nine Hazard Classes– Subdivided into divisions
– Refer to page 11 of 1996 ERG
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Hazard Class 1 - ExplosivesHazard Class 1 - Explosives
• Subdivided into 6 divisions1.1 - Mass explosion hazard
1.2 - Projectile hazard
1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile
1.4 - Minor explosion
1.5 - Very insensitive explosives
1.6 - Extremely insensitive
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• Pressurized or liquified– Compressed nitrogen and liquified petroleum
gases (LPG) are examples
• Product and container present hazards
• Three Subdivisions – 2.1 - Flammable gases
– 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous
– 2.3 - Poisonous Gases
Hazard Class 2 - GasesHazard Class 2 - Gases
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Hazard Class 3 -Flammable/Combustible Liquids
Hazard Class 3 -Flammable/Combustible Liquids
• Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature
• Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite
• Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources
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Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids
Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids
• Three subdivisions4.1 - Flammable Solids
4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible
4.3 - Dangerous when wet
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Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
• Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn
• With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violentcombustion
• Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable
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Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances
Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances
• Poisonous to human– Can include severely irritating
substances
– “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride
• Infectious Substances– Potential to cause diseases in
humans
– Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids
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Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials
Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials
• Ionizing radiation hazard
• Exposure does not always result in contamination
• Safety Rules:– Time, Distance and Shielding
• Shipped in specialized containers
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Hazard Class 8 - CorrosivesHazard Class 8 - Corrosives
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Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
• ORM A - Dry Ice
• ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic mercury
• ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts
• ORM D - Consumer commodities
• ORM E - Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes
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Pesticide LabelsPesticide Labels
• Product name
• Active ingredients
• Signal word– Caution
– Warning
– Danger (Poison)
• Precautionary statements
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Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents
Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility DocumentsM O D E C A L L E D L O C A T IO N
R a il W a yb ill a n dC o s is t
W ith c re w
H ig h w a y B ill o f L a d d in g D r iv e r / o n s e a to r d o o r p o c k e t
A ir A irb ill P ilo t
P ip e lin e M a rk e r A t c ro s s w itho th e r m o d e o ftra n s p o rt
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Required to be maintained by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and The Florida Right-to-Know Law
• Found at fixed facilities
• Provides a variety of information
• Emergency Response Plans (ERP)
• Emergency Action Plans (EAP)
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Clue # 5 - Markings and ColorsClue # 5 - Markings and Colors
• Container colors are not always standardized
• UN/NA identification numbers
• NFPA 704 Diamond
• Military markings
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Clue # 6 - Human SensesClue # 6 - Human Senses
RISK LEVEL
High
Low
TASTETOUCHSMELLSIGHTSOUND
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Methods of IdentificationMethods of Identification
• Once you recognize, try to identify
• Location of material name– Shipping papers
– MSDSs (fixed facilities)
– Facility Pre-Plans
– Employees and bystanders
• If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class
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Unit SummaryUnit Summary• Goals of recognition and identification
– Recognize, Classify, Identify
• Six clues to the presence of hazardous materials– Occupancy and location, container shape and size,
placards and labels, shipping papers and facility documents, markings and colors, the human senses
• There are nine general classes of hazardous materials
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First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
Unit 3 - “Taking Control”
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ObjectivesObjectives
• Identify the procedures for initiating your Emergency Response Plan.
• Identify the proper procedures for implementing protective action distances.
• Take actions necessary to properly isolate the incident.
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NA-ERGNA-ERG
• North American Emergency Response Guidebook
• Origin
• Goal
• Purpose & Limitations
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Steps for Proper Use of the ERGSteps for Proper Use of the ERG
• Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials– Name
– Four digit ID number
– Placard description
• Look up the guide page number
• Take basic protective actions according to the guide page
• Initiate isolation and evacuation according to protective action distances
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Basic Protective ActionsBasic Protective Actions
• Your approach
• Your main objectives– Isolate
– Protectby preventing contamination
– Initiate your Emergency Response Plan (Notify)
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Proper Guide Page UseProper Guide Page Use
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Table of Protective Action DistancesTable of Protective Action Distances
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Protective Action OptionsProtective Action Options
• Shelter in-place– Short duration incidents
– Greater hazard to attempt to move
– Impractical to evacuate
• Evacuation– Potential for massive fire or
explosion
– Long duration incidents
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Emergency Response InformationEmergency Response Information
• Firefighting– Definition of “Haz-Mat Fire”
– Defensive Vs. Offensive
– Role of the awareness responder
• Spill / Leak Control– Not an awareness level role
• First Aid– Remember to prevent secondary contamination
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SummarySummary
• ERG provides guidelines
• You can find a guide page by:– Name, ID number or placard comparison
• Basic instructions - page 1
• Two indexes
• Orange guide pages
• Green protective action pages
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First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
Unit 4 - “Termination”
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ObjectivesObjectives
• Identify the three actions necessary for proper termination
• Identify the information that should be received by responders duringonscene debriefing
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Reasons for TerminationReasons for Termination• Required by OSHA
• Relates important information to the responders
• Insures exposures are documented
• Insures that we improve our future responses
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Steps to Proper TerminationSteps to Proper Termination
• On-scene debriefing
• Incident critique
• After action analysis