Hazards of E-Waste

8/2/2019 Hazards of E-Waste

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Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken orunwanted electrical or electronic application.

E-waste includes computers, entertainmentelectronics, mobile phones and other items



Understand the chemical and physical properties of E- waste elements and compounds

Comprehend the benefits and hazards e-wastecomponents



Heavy metals – mostly considered hazardous

Trace elements – some precious metals

Other elements – some valuable



Lead Cadmium

Mercury

Chromium

Plastics including PVCs

Brominated Fire Retardants

Barium

Beryllium Toners

Phosphor and Additives



CRT glass Landfill leaching

Acute effects on humans, plants, animals

Banned in Gasoline, Paint…



Batteries, boards, plastics

Absorbed through respiration

Toxic and carcinogenic



Components, batteries

Contaminates water, fish

Brain damage



Corrosion protection

Toxic leaching from landfills

Cannot incinerate



CRT radiation protection

Affects animals

Human effects unknown



Toners

Phosphors

Plastics

PVC Brominated Chemicals



1.~14lbs/computer

2. billion lbs/yr3.PVC hazards



Durable

Lightweight

Flexible

Cost-effective Corrosion-resistant

Excellent insulation properties



Factors responsible:o Changes in regulatory classification:Change

over from 18 waste categories with annualthreshold limits to 36 processes and

corresponding waste streamsEmphasis on waste minimisation-zerodischarge(Tanneries,textiles)

o Fly-ash,gypsum sludge excluded

o Units closed/New Units



An Indian perception



TREATMENT, STORAGE & DISPOSAL FACILITIES



STATE-WISE COMPARATIVE HW GENERATING UNITS AS

PER HWM RULES, 1989 & 2003

309

47

116133

183 163

57

271

889

575

423

753

257207

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800900

1000

C h a n d

i g a r h

H a r y a n a

H i m a c h a l

K e r a l a

M P

O r i s s a

J & K

STATE

N o .

o f H W

g e n e r a t i n g U n i t s

HW generating Units as per HWM RULES, 1989

HW generating Units as per HWM RULES, 2003

Comparative HW generating Units as



501

1532

2984

6052

454

1589

3953

4571

700

14481100

2177

1036

1633

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

A P

G u j a r a t

K

a r n a t a k a

M a h

a r a s h t r a

P u n j a b

T N

U P

State

Comparative HW generating Units as

perHWM Rules, 1989 and 2003

No. of HW units as per HWM Rules, 1989

No. of HW units as per 2003



166

4 117

103 92

155

84

9

30

146

82

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

A s s a m

D e l h i

K a r n a t a k a

K e r a l a

P o n d i c h e r r y

U P

Name of the State

Comparative HW genertion as per HWM

Rules, 1989 and 2003 in ' ooo Tonnes

HW generation as per Rules, 1989

HW generation as per Rules, 2003

HWs - Landfillable Recyclable



650

410

147

230

264

126

626

628

154

56 109

0

200

400

600

800

1000

12001400

1600

G

u j a

r a t

A P

M a

h a r a s

h t r

O r i s s a

State

HWs - Landfillable, Recyclable,Incinerable as per HWM Rules, 2003

Landfillable Recyclable Incinerable

http://hulk.bu.edu/cgi-bin/imagemap/india



http://hulk.bu.edu/cgi-bin/imagemap/india



Financial Viability of TSDFs

Viability to be ensured at reasonable user charges

Central / State Support

Waste Assurance ( Zonation & Enforcement)Maharashtra-zonationGujarat-left to market forces

User Charges- Charges fixed at tendering stage-Maharashtra- Fixation - Tripartite consultation – A.P

- Market forces to determine-Gujarat- Escalation in line with WPI

Scale of Operation and operating area- determineuser charges



S.No. Total HW

generation in

‘000 TPA

No. of TSDF inoperation/underconstruction

No. of sites

notified

No. of sites

identified

1. AP 507 01 02 022. Assam 4 - - -

3. Chandigarh 8 - - -

4. Delhi 17 Nil Nil 03

6 Goa - Nil Nil Nil

7. Gujarat 1207 07 16 22

8. Haryana 15 - 01 01

9. Himachal - - 02

10. Karnataka 92 Nil 02 02

11. Kerala 84 Nil 01 01

12. Maharashtra 1407 02 02 06

13. MP - Nil Nil 03

14. Orissa 75 Nil 01 01

15. Pondicherry 30Nil

Nil Nil

16. Punjab 16 Nil 01 01

17. Rajasthan 184 Nil 01 08

18. Tamilnadu 182 Nil 01 03

19. Uttarpradesh 82 Nil 03 05

20. West Bengal 1



Flexibility for Industries located on Inter State Border

Problem facing smaller States/UTs

Incinerable waste – Min. Scale of oration about 1.0 ton perhour

Practical Difficulties: Delhi, Chandigarh, Daman, Goa



Recyclable Wastes for which State of Art Facilities areneeded

• Mercury Bearing wastes.

• Nickel Cadmium Batteries

• Spent Catalyst

E- Waste:

Guidance document under preparation covering i ) Informal sector ii ) leaded glass

Hazards of E-Waste

Documents

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