Hazardous Waste Policy in the EU- the example of electronic waste -

November 2005India Brussels

Marianne KlingbeilEuropean Commission

Environment Directorate-GeneralSustainable Development and Integration

The European Waste

Strategy

Reduce the amount of waste

Reduce the hazardousness of waste

Reduce the impacts on theenvironment

Community Waste Strategy

(COM(96)399, 30.7.96

Waste framework Directives (Dir. 75/442/EEC)

Waste streams

Waste treatment operations

Landfill (99/31/EC)

Waste oils(Dir 75/439/EEC)

Sewage sludge(Dir. 86/278/EEC)

Batteries and accumulators(Dir. 91/157/EEC

& 93/86/EEC)

Packaging (Dir. 94/62/EC)

PCBs(Dir. 96/59/EC)

End-of-life vehicles

(Dir 2000/53 EC)

Waste electric and electronic

equipment (under adoption)

Hazardous waste Directive(Dir. 91/689/EEC) Waste shipment Regulation

(Reg. (EEC) 259/93)

Framework legislation

Incineration

89/369 & 429 (MW) 94/67 (HW)

Replaced by 2000/76/EC

Treatment OperationsTreatment Operations

LANDFILL

(19 99/31/EC)

• Permitting system • Control procedures• Technical requirements • Reduction of landfill of biodegradable waste• Collection of methane and energy recovery• Internalisation of costs• Interdiction of co-disposal

INCINERATION

(2000/76/EC)

• Covers MW and HW

• Covers incineration and co-incineration

• Permitting

• Emission limit values (air, water)

• Management of residues

• Recovery of energy

Waste FlowsWaste Flows

Sewage sludge

(Dir. 86/278/EEC)

• Use in agriculture

• Concentration limits for heavy metals

• Control of pathogens

Batteries and accumulators

(Dir. 91/157/EEC & 93/86/EEC)

• Scope

• Marketing limits

• Selective collection

Packaging(Dir. 94/62/EC)

• All packaging

• Recycling and recovery rates

• Management systems

• Essential requirements

• Data bases

PCBs and PCTs(Dir. 96/59/EC)

• Concentration thresholds • Inventories•Non-inventoried equipment

• Destruction by 2010

End-of-life vehicles(Dir. 2000/53/EC)

• Certificate of destruction

• De-registration

• Reduction of heavy metals

• Reuse and recycling, and recovery rates

• Producer responsibility

Waste electric and electronic equipment(under adoption)

• Industrial and consumer equipment

• Selective collection

• Reuse and recycling, and recovery rates

• Producer responsibility

Waste oils(Dir 75/439/EEC)

• Collection

• Priority to regeneration

• Controlled disposal

Electronic wasteElectronic wasteEnvironmental problemEnvironmental problem

• Around 14 kg per inhabitant/year in the EU

• Around 5 million tonnes/year in the EU

• Fastest growing waste stream (3 times faster average municipal waste)

• 90% of WEEE is landfilled, incinerated or recovered without pre-treatment

W E E EW E E E

Targets 31.12.05 by weight:•large household appliances:

- recovery 80%; reuse/recycling 75%

•small and consumer appliances, tools, toys:

- recovery 60%; reuse/recycling 50%

•IT and telecoms equipment:

- recovery 75%; reuse/recycling 65%

•gas discharge lamps:

- reuse/recycling 80%

•cathode ray tubes:

- recovery 75%; reuse/recycling 70%

Treatment according to minimum requirements Removal and separate treatment of components

which could cause problems to recycling Minimum requirements for treatment installations

Exported equipment can only count for the fulfillment of targets if done

under conditions equivalent to the directive proof must be provided by exporters

WEEE - Treatment obligationsWEEE - Treatment obligations

WEEE WEEE Financing obligations - householdsFinancing obligations - households

• “New” waste (from products put on the market after 13/08 2005)

Producers responsible for financing waste from own products

Producers can choose to fulfil obligation either individually or by joining a collective scheme

Financial guarantees

• “Historical” waste (from products put on the market before 13/08/2005)

• Collective system• 1:1 take back in shops at purchase of a new product

W E E EW E E E

Financing obligations - sources other than Financing obligations - sources other than householdshouseholds

The producer is responsible for own waste

WEEE - ROHSWEEE - ROHS

• In spite of these measures, however, significant parts of WEEE will continue to be found in the current disposal routes. Even if WEEE were collected separately and submitted to recycling processes, its content of mercury, cadmium, lead, chromiumVI, PBB and PBDE would be likely to pose risks to health or the environment

RoHSRoHS Directive Directive

Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment

Member States shall ensure … from 1 July 2006

new EEE-equipment put on the market does not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalnet chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)

End-of-Life Vehicles End-of-Life Vehicles Directive - TargetsDirective - Targets

Banning lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium (with certain exemptions)

By January 2006 for average ELV weight:

-reuse/recovery 85%

-reuse/recycling 80%

By January 2015 by average ELV weight:

-reuse/recovery 95%

-reuse/recycling 85%

Re-examination of 2015 targets under preparation

Packaging and Packaging WastePackaging and Packaging WasteTargetsTargets

Recovery and recycling: by June 2001 between:50-65% PW by weight recovered; and

25-45% PW by weight recycled with min. of 15% for each packaging material

Proposed revision : by June 2006 between: 60-75% PW by weight recovered55-70% PW by weight recycledMin. recycling targets:60% glass;55% paper/card; 50% metals, and 20% plastics

Concentration levels for heavy metals

BatteriesBatteries- - currently draft proposal -

Future Directive will contain:• Obligatory collection and recycling

requirements;• Restriction on the use of cadmium in

batteries.Main issues under discussion:• Level of collect targets;• Scope of cadmium ban.

Waste and resources

Strategy on resource management

Emphasis on integrated product policy

Recycling strategy

new actions on waste streams

Sustainable product design

Stimulate re-use

Awareness raising, targets,Indicators

Thank you for your attention