HAZARDOUS WASTE MANUAL - sfasu.edu€¦ · Hazardous Waste Program and describes the proper...
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Stephen F. Austin State University Hazardous Waste Program Manual Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department Box 6113, SFA Station Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-6113 Original January 2010 Edited August 2017
Transcript of HAZARDOUS WASTE MANUAL - sfasu.edu€¦ · Hazardous Waste Program and describes the proper...
Stephen F. Austin State University
Hazardous Waste Program Manual
Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department
Box 6113, SFA Station
Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-6113
Original January 2010
Edited August 2017
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Table of Contents 1. Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Contact Information .................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Training Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 7
5. Waste Identification .................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Characteristic Hazardous Waste ........................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Listed Hazardous Waste ......................................................................................................................12
5.3 Class І Wastes......................................................................................................................................15
6.1 Satellite Accumulation Areas ..............................................................................................................16
6.3 Storage Guidelines ...............................................................................................................................17
6.3.1 Examples of Incompatible Chemicals ..........................................................................................19
6.3.3 Disposal Procedures for Regulated Wastes ..................................................................................25
7. Biological Wastes ......................................................................................................................................28
7.1 Disposal of Biological Waste ..............................................................................................................30
8. Waste Minimization ..................................................................................................................................32
9. Onsite Treatment and Disposal ..................................................................................................................33
10. Radioactive Waste ...................................................................................................................................34
10.1 Responsibilities of the Departments ..................................................................................................34
10.2 Segregation of Radioactive Waste .....................................................................................................35
10.3 Disposal of Radioactive Waste ..........................................................................................................39
11. Non Hazardous Waste .............................................................................................................................40
11.1 Non Contaminated Glass ...................................................................................................................41
12. Unknown Waste ......................................................................................................................................42
13. MOU Glassware ......................................................................................................................................42
14. Empty Container:.....................................................................................................................................43
16. Emergency Response to Waste Spills ......................................................................................................45
16.1 Chemical Spill Procedures .................................................................................................................46
16.1.1 Chemical Emergency Steps ........................................................................................................46
16.1.2 Spill Prevention and Control: Standard Operating Procedure ....................................................47
16.1.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Counter Measures ......................................................................49
16.1.4 Spill Kit-General Spill Control Techniques ................................................................................50
16.1.5 Types of Spill Responses ............................................................................................................52
16.1.6 Disposal ......................................................................................................................................54
16.2 Biological Spill Procedures ...............................................................................................................56
16.3 Radiation Spill, Accident, Decontamination and Emergency Procedures .........................................59
16.3.1 Spill ............................................................................................................................................59
16.3.2 Accident ......................................................................................................................................59
16.3.3 Decontamination .........................................................................................................................60
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16.3.4 Emergency ..................................................................................................................................61
16.4 Decontamination: Standard Operating Procedure .............................................................................63
16.5 Equipment..........................................................................................................................................63
16.6 Medical Treatment/First Aid .............................................................................................................64
16.7 Emergency Response Procedures ......................................................................................................65
16.8 Documentation ..................................................................................................................................68
APPENDIX I .................................................................................................................................................70
APPENDIX II ................................................................................................................................................76
APPENDIX III ..............................................................................................................................................91
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1. Preface
Environmental awareness and protection of our natural resources has become a national
priority. As a nation, we have come to recognize that hazardous agents of all types have
entered our environment through improper use and disposal. In response to the national
concern for proper management of waste materials, Congress passed the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976. Under this act, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility for regulating hazardous chemical
wastes. In Texas, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) controls
hazardous chemical wastes, while the Texas Department of Health (TDH) regulates
radioactive and bio-hazardous wastes.
Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) produces a small amount of hazardous
waste in performing its functions of service, teaching, and research. Since the university
generates less than 220 pounds of hazardous chemical waste per month, it is classified by
the Environmental Protection Agency as a “conditionally exempt small quantity
generator". In addition, we are subject to regulations promulgated for the control of
biological and radioactive wastes.
The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department is charged with
the responsibility of ensuring that hazardous waste generated on campus is disposed of in
accordance with all applicable regulations. The function of the Environmental Health,
Safety, and Risk Management Department is to assist faculty, staff and students with
their responsibility of managing all wastes properly and cost-effectively. The
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department also coordinates all
hazardous waste efforts for the university, which includes enforcing proper storage,
keeping records, and making sure waste is disposed of properly through environmentally
and financially sound waste contractors.
Stephen F. Austin State University requires that all members of the campus who use
hazardous materials are trained in the procedures for proper handling of these wastes. The
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department offers a hazardous
materials training class to assist departments with the Hazmat training requirements.
This manual explains the requirements of the Stephen F. Austin State University
Hazardous Waste Program and describes the proper procedures for preparing hazardous
waste for storage as regulated under the law.
Please contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department for
additional information and help regarding your hazardous waste (468-4532/468-6034).
The cooperation of every member of the Stephen F. Austin State University community
is essential.
The Stephen F. Austin State University Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk
Management Department would like to thank the University of Houston for allowing us
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to use their Manual. Of particular note, we acknowledge the core content and
organization of this manual, which was generously provided by Colorado State
University. Without the help of their model manual, development of this manual in its
present form would not have been possible.
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2. Contact Information
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department
o (936) 468-4514
o Fax: (936) 468-7312
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department hours:
o Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
University Health Center
o (936) 468-4008
Stephen F. Austin State University Police Department
o Non Emergency – (936) 468-2608
o Emergency - 911
In the event of an after hour chemical, biological, or radioactive materials emergency:
Contact the Stephen F. Austin State University Police Department at 936-468-2068.
The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department maintains an on-
call mechanism to provide assistance in the event of an after-hours situation.
For All Emergencies: Call 911
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3. Responsibilities
Each college and department within the University must assure that personnel
who generate hazardous wastes have received training in the use of the Stephen F.
Austin State University Hazardous Waste Program and are complying with
University policy and procedure regarding environmental, health and safety.
Training is typically provided by the individual colleges/departments, but special
college/departmental specific sessions will be provided by the Environmental,
Health, Safety and Risk Management Department if requested.
Each department that includes laboratory facilities for teaching or research must
also assure that a mechanism is in place for terminal hazardous waste disposal
from lab facilities when faculty or staff complete their work and leave the
University. In such cases, it is the college/department's responsibility to see that
waste is properly identified and disposed of by a legal disposal company with the
assistance of Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Department.
The department of EHSRM or the University does not pay for disposal of any
waste.
It is the sole responsibility of the department to pay for the waste they generate.
It is against University policy to dispose any waste without the knowledge of
Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.
COMPLIANCE CAUTION
FEDERAL AND TEXAS LAW STIPULATES THAT EACH INDIVIDUAL WHO
GENERATES HAZARDOUS WASTE IS PERSONALLY LIABLE AND IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSURING COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS AND
PROPER HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT.
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4. Training Requirements
All individuals who may generate hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive waste
must receive documented training, according to Stephen F. Austin State University’s
Hazardous Waste Program Manual, the EPA's Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality (TCEQ). It is the responsibility of each department to make sure
this training is completed. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management
Department can provide the means to satisfy the training requirements, if requested. All
new employees (faculty, staff, students, etc.), either full or part time, who will use
hazardous materials and in so doing generate waste are required to receive General
Hazardous Waste and Hazard Communication training. This training must be received
before the employee is assigned to use or handle hazardous chemicals.
The General Hazardous Waste training referenced above provides general information,
but the supervisor must provide information specific to the employee’s particular work
area. Supervisors will train every employee who works with or may be exposed to
hazardous chemicals on the safe use of those substances and the Texas Hazard
Communication Act. The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management
Department also recommend that individuals periodically attend subsequent training
seminars to be aware of changes in regulations.
All Hazardous Waste Training shall be documented on the Hazardous Waste Training
Roster (available in the Appendix A), which shall be forwarded to the Environmental
Health Safety and Risk Management Department prior to December 31st of each year. To
meet regulatory requirements and as a service to departments, faculty and staff, the
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department keeps training records
on all individuals who have attended our training seminars. See the Appendix for a copy
of a training roster. If you have a question with regards to your training record, please
contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.
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5. Waste Identification
The first step in the management of hazardous waste is to determine whether a material is
a waste. A waste is generally defined as a material, which is discarded, including
materials that are either spent or intended to be thrown away. Materials that are being
used for their intended purpose or are otherwise still reusable are not considered waste.
A waste can be a solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material.
Apart from the above definition, below are a few general steps to identify if a
chemical/substance is waste:
Spent material.
Unusable because it does not meet its required specifications.
Past its expiration date.
Unlabeled, and has been unlabeled for more than 30 days.
Abandoned.
A container that once held chemicals.
Unwanted and intended to be discarded or recycled.
A regulated chemical waste is defined as a waste which, due to its quantity,
concentration, or physical and chemical characteristics may
Cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in
serious or incapacitating illness; or
Pose a substantial present or potential threat to human health or the environment
when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.
The disposal of regulated waste and other unwanted chemicals has become increasingly
complicated. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality (TCEQ) regulate the treatment and disposal of chemical wastes in
Texas. The purpose of this section is to help you better understand exactly what is and is
not a regulated chemical waste. In doing so, we hope that you may be able to design
experiments with waste minimization in mind, and dispose of chemical waste generated
in your laboratory in a manner consistent with legal requirements.
After a material is identified as waste, the person responsible for generating the waste
must determine if the waste is a hazardous waste. If assistance is needed to determine the
hazardous nature of a waste, contact the Environmental Health, Safety & Risk
Management Department at 468-6034/468-4532.
A hazardous waste is a waste:
Which exhibits any of four hazardous waste characteristics and/or
Falls into any of the four specific listing descriptions
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5.1 Characteristic Hazardous Waste
In the code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 261.20 – 261.24), the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines the four fundamental characteristics of regulated
waste as:
Ignitability:
Any liquid waste or liquid waste mixture having a flashpoint of 140º F (60º C) or
lower. Examples include most spent non-halogenated solvents such as methanol,
ethanol, acetone, xylene, toluene, benzene, and gasoline. Spent halogenated
solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and dichlorobenzene, generally
have a flashpoint above 140º F and, therefore, are not ignitable.
Any solid waste that is capable of causing fire through friction or absorption of
moisture or can undergo spontaneous chemical change resulting in persistent
burning. Solids such as sodium or potassium metals, solid naphthalene, and
nitrocellulose also fall into this category.
Flammable compressed gases, including those that form flammable mixtures with
air.
Oxidizers that stimulate combustion of organic materials.
Ignitable wastes should always be isolated from ignition sources.
Ignitable materials include most common organic solvents, gases such as
hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and certain nitrate salts.
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Corrosivity:
Any waste liquids or waste liquid mixture having a pH less than or equal to 2 or
greater than or equal to 12.5. Examples include hydrochloric acid, phosphoric
acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and corrosive cleaning agents.
Liquid substances which corrode steel at a rate greater than 6.35 millimeters
(0.250 inches) per year at a test temperature of 55ºC (130º C).
Dilution of acids or bases with water is not an acceptable practice. Acids and
bases can be neutralized as part of an experiment, but that process must be a
written step in the experimental procedure.
In addition, liquids or liquid mixtures having a pH less than 5.5 or greater than
11.5 are not permitted to be disposed of via sink drains or other wastewater
conveyances. Disposal of such liquids is specifically prohibited by the
University’s wastewater discharge permit.
Reactivity:
Unstable materials capable of undergoing violent chemical change (without
detonating).
Materials which react violently with water.
Materials which form potentially explosive mixtures with water.
Materials which, when mixed with water, generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes
in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.
Cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes which, when exposed to pH conditions between
2 and 12.5, will generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to
present a danger to human health or the environment.
Materials capable of detonation or explosive reaction when subjected to a strong
initiating source or if heated in confinement.
Materials which are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at standard
temperature and pressure.
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Toxicity:
Any waste which contains concentrations of certain constituents in excess of
regulatory limits is a toxic hazardous waste.
According to EPA, the 40 constituents that must be considered when evaluating a
waste for potential toxic concentrations include eight heavy metals, six pesticides
and 26 solvents and other organics.
Pesticides Metals Organics
Endrin Arsenic Chloroform Methyl ethyl ketone
Lindane Barium o-Cresol Nitrobenzene
Methoxychlor Cadmium m-Cresol Pentachlorophenol
Toxaphene Chromium p-Cresol Pyridine
2,4-D Lead Cresol (total) Tetrachloroethylene
2,4,5 TP
Silvex
Mercury 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Benzene
Selenium 1,2-Dichloroethane Trichloroethylene
Silver 1,1-Dichloroethylene Carbon Tetrachloride
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4,5-
Trichlorophenol
Heptachlor Chlordane
Hexachlrobenzene 2,4,6-
Trichlorophenol
Hexachlorobutadiene Chlorobenzene
Hezachloroethane Vinyl Chloride
The levels at which these chemicals are regulated in mixtures varies from 0.2 ppm
to 400 ppm. For example, solutions that contain mercury at levels above 0.2 ppm
are hazardous waste. These levels are very low, so if a waste contains one or more
of these components it should be considered a hazardous waste.
Note that the eight metals and other constituents listed here are regulated in both
their pure forms and as compounds.
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5.2 Listed Hazardous Waste
The four lists of hazardous waste include the following which in total includes over 800
different substances.
The wastes regulated as listed chemical wastes are listed in 40 CFR sections 261.31 (F
list), 261.32 (K list), 261.33 (P and U lists). Refer to the Appendix for a detail list of
these wastes.
The F List addresses wastes from nonspecific sources (e.g., spent solvents) and is broken
down into several subcategories (or codes). Five codes that are commonly applicable to
laboratory wastes are:
F001 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends used for degreasing
which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of
the following halogenated solvents:
tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene
methylene chloride 1,1,1-trichloroethane
carbon tetrachloride chlorinated fluorocarbons
F002 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained,
before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following
halogenated solvents:
tetrachloroethylene methylene chloride
trichloroethylene 1,1,1-trichloroethane
chlorobenzene 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
ortho-dichlorobenzene trichlorofluoromethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
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F003 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained,
before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following
non-halogenated solvents:
xylene acetone
ethyl acetate ethyl benzene
ethyl ether methyl isobutyl ketone
n-butyl alcohol cyclohexanone
methanol
F004 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained,
before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following
non-halogenated solvents:
cresols and cresylic acid nitrobenzene
F005 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained,
before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following
non-halogenated solvents:
toluene methyl ethyl ketone
carbon disulfide isobutanol
pyridine benzene
2-ethoxyethanol 2-nitropropane
The K List addresses waste from specific sources (e.g., pink/red water from TNT
operations - K047) and is generally not applicable to wastes generated in research
laboratories.
The P List addresses unused acutely hazardous materials (e.g., laboratory chemicals
having an LD50 of less than 50 mg/kg (oral; rat)). It is applicable to many surplus
chemicals that are disposed of by research laboratories. Some examples are nickel
tetracarbonyl, phosphine, and osmium tetroxide.
The U List addresses unused hazardous materials (e.g., toxic laboratory chemicals). Like
the P list, this is applicable to many surplus chemicals that are disposed of by research
laboratories. Some examples are aniline, benzene, and acetone.
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F-LISTED
Waste originating from non-specific sources.
P-LISTED
Waste that is acutelytoxic.
K-LISTED
Waste originating from specific sources.
U-LISTED
Waste that is toxic.
LISTED HAZARDOUS
WASTE
The Hazardous Waste Universe
If your waste falls into either the listed or characteristic categories it must be
treated as hazardous waste.
Hazardous Waste cannot be disposed of by pouring down a drain or by
throwing in the general trash.
There are significant fines and penalties involved when hazardous waste is
disposed of illegally. In addition to the legal ramifications please realize that
toxic wastes disposed down the sink or in the trash may cause environmental
harm and can also create an unacceptable risk to human health.
NOTHING BUT RAIN GOES DOWN THE DRAIN
TOXIC CORROSIVE
REACTIVE IGNITABLE
CHARACTERISTIC HAZARDOUS
WASTE
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5.3 Class І Wastes
Class І wastes are wastes, which are regulated by the TCEQ. They are not considered
hazardous by the EPA definition, but must be disposed of at a permitted landfill due to
Texas regulations. Examples of wastes which fall under the Class І definition are soils
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, sandblasting sand with leachable lead
concentrations between 1.5 and 5.0 ppm, used oil, and solids that when mixed with an
equal weight form a corrosive solution.
The following are the guidelines for Class І wastes:
1. Regulated asbestos containing material.
2. Materials containing specific toxic chemical constituents, which exceed regulated
concentration levels, although not enough to be considered hazardous.
3. Liquids, which are ignitable at levels above 150 degrees F, or are solids and semi-
solids and contain chemicals considered to be ignitable under certain conditions
incidental to storage, disposal or treatment.
4. Semi-solids and solids which when combined with water exhibit corrosive
properties.
5. Empty containers, which held hazardous substances or a Class 1, waste, unless the
residue has been completely removed through certain processes.
6. Waste containing more than 50 parts-per-million of total polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs).
7. Waste associated with exploration, development and production of crude oil,
natural gas or geothermal energy, which contain more than 1,500 parts per million
total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).
8. All non-hazardous industrial solid waste generated outside Texas and transported
into or through Texas for storage, processing or disposal.
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6. Waste Accumulation and Storage Areas
The University’s Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department is the
only department authorized to store, transport and send hazardous waste for disposal
from the University’s central hazardous waste storage area. The central hazardous waste
storage area is located within the premises of Environmental Health, Safety and Risk
Management near the intersection of Raguet and Austin St. The University has a
standing contract with SET Environmental Inc. to dispose all hazardous waste generated
from University properties. Stephen F. Austin State University is designated as a
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG). Any person or department
responsible for the loss of university waste status due to violations in waste management
policies will be responsible for the fines and costs thereby incurred. This does not include
any change in status resulting from an increased waste generation from the department or
individual. However, every individual or department is responsible for their own waste
disposal costs.
6.1 Satellite Accumulation Areas
These areas are individual research, teaching laboratories, classrooms or other
rooms on the main campus in which hazardous waste generation occurs. The
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) considers each room or
laboratory on campus where hazardous wastes are stored as a Satellite
Accumulation Area.
The hazardous waste containers in a Satellite Accumulation Area must always
remain at or near the point of generation (i.e., within the room itself) and must be
under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste at all times
until they are ready for pick up by personnel of the EHSRM.
For the purpose of this manual, every laboratory must have a designated Satellite
Accumulation Area. The location of this area must be reported to the
Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Department.
Satellite Accumulation Areas must be under control of the operator of the process
generating waste at all times until they are ready for pick up by the EHSRM.
At no time may more than 55 gallons of hazardous waste or 1 quart of acute
hazardous waste (i.e., “P-Listed) accumulate in a Satellite Accumulation Area
prior to pick-up by EHSRM personnel or movement of the waste container to a
proper storage area.
Any waste in excess of the 55-gallons or 1 quart limits must be removed from the
Satellite Accumulation Area within 3 calendar days. If the threshold is reached,
the waste container must be moved to the accepted storage area in your
department. If the department does not have a designated waste storage area,
contact EHSRM immediately.
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6.2 Central Accumulation Areas
Every department/college is required to have a designated waste storage area to
move the waste from satellite accumulation areas. The Environmental Health,
Safety and Risk Management Department must be notified of the location of this
central storage area. It is only from this area that the EHSRM picks up waste to be
moved to the University central waste storage area.
Waste in the designated department/college central storage area cannot be stored
for more than 90 days.
Weekly inspections, specific storage requirements, emergency procedure availability,
training, and recordkeeping are required for both the satellite accumulation and central
storage areas.
6.3 Storage Guidelines
Follow the storage limit and time frame guidelines for satellite accumulation areas
and central storage areas as stated above.
Wastes must be in containers made of materials compatible with the contents.
The best containers for hazardous waste are the ones the original materials came
in. If the original container cannot be used then a compatible container in good
condition is acceptable. Containers such as 5-gallon plastic jugs and 4-liter glass
bottles are acceptable if the container and any residue left inside are compatible
with new waste material.
Larger containers are better if they can be filled within a reasonable time and does
not present a storage hazard at your location. Please fill the containers to within 1
or 2 inches from the top before requesting disposal. This will aid the University in
reducing waste, cutting costs and also speeding up removal of wastes from your
location.
All containers must have a secure, tight fitting, non-leaking lid. Containers with
cracked or leaking lids sealed with parafilm are a deviation from storage
requirements and will not be picked up.
Lids must be secure on containers at all times unless waste is physically being
added to the container.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD A FUNNEL EVER BE LEFT IN
AN UNATTENDED CONTAINER. Funnels in containers, improper labeling
and waste containers with no lids are the three most common laboratory waste
violations and will lead to costly fines.
Examples of Improper Container Capping
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Hazardous waste should never be stored in or around drains or sinks.
For Satellite Accumulation Areas, waste must be stored in a secure place, near the
point of generation and always under control of trained personnel.
Waste must never be left in a hallway or any other area where it could endanger
personnel, facility safety or the environment. This area should be kept clean and
inspected for spills on a daily basis.
The central storage areas must be secured to prevent inadvertent access; that is,
doors to waste areas should be kept locked when unattended.
Wastes must be compatible with other wastes and hazardous materials in the area.
When wastes are separated properly, disposal options remain clearer and more
cost effective.
Never mix incompatible wastes or other materials in the same container or place
wastes in an unwashed container that previously held an incompatible waste or
material. However, if separation is not practical, collect waste in compatible
containers and try to keep it segregated into the following categories:
1. Miscellaneous solids, e.g., grossly contaminated gloves, rags or towels, and
other grossly contaminated lab equipment should be collected separately from
liquid wastes.
2. Halogenated solvents, e.g., methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride.
3. Note: Disposal of non-halogenated solvents contaminated with halogens costs
4-5 times as much as non-halogenated solvents.
4. Non-halogenated solvents, e.g., xylene, toluene, alcohols.
5. Waste oil must be kept as uncontaminated as possible in order to be recycled.
You should keep oils separate from other chemicals, particularly solvents,
pesticides, and PCB's.
6. Acids.
7. Bases.
8. Metal-bearing waste whether dry, flammable, corrosive or other. Specific
metals of concern are arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury,
nickel, selenium, silver, and thallium.
9. Accumulate waste that is both flammable and corrosive separately from waste
that is either flammable or corrosive.
10. Special wastes, e.g., cyanide, sulfide, pesticides, oxidizers, organic acids,
explosives and peroxides, should be collected individually whenever possible.
Examples of Improper Container Locations
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11. Mercury and mercury containing compounds. All mixtures containing
mercury in any form must be disposed of as mercury contaminated waste.
6.3.1 Examples of Incompatible Chemicals
Chemical Incompatible with
acetic acid chromic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates
acetic anhydride Hydroxyl-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol and
perchloric acid
acetylene chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury
acetone concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures
alkali and
alkaline earth
metals
water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon
dioxide, halogens
ammonia
(anhydrous)
mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine,
hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)
ammonium
nitrate
acids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrates, sulfur,
finely divided organic or combustible materials
aniline nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide
arsenical
materials
any reducing agent
azides acids
bromine see chlorine
calcium oxide water
carbon
(activated)
calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents
carbon
tetrachloride
sodium
chlorates ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided
organic or combustible materials
chromic acid
and chromium
trioxide
acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable
liquids in general
chlorine ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane or other
petroleum gases, hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided
metals, turpentine
chlorine dioxide ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide
copper acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
cumene
hydroperoxide
acids (organic and inorganic)
cyanides acids
flammable
liquids
ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid,
sodium peroxide, halogens
fluorine everything
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Chemical Incompatible with
hydrazine hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, any other oxidant
hydrocarbons
(e.g., propane,
butane,
benzene)
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide
hydrocyanic
acid
nitric acid, alkali
hydrofluoric
acid (aqueous or
anhydrous)
ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous)
hydrogen
peroxide
copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone,
organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, combustible materials
hydrogen
sulfide
fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases
hypochlorites acids, activated carbon
iodine acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen
mercury acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia
nitrates sulfuric acid
nitric acid
(concentrated)
acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide,
flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals
nitrites acids
nitroparaffins inorganic bases, amines
oxalic acid silver, mercury
oxygen oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids, or gases
perchloric acid acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood,
grease, oils
peroxides,
organic
acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold
phosphorus
(white)
air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents
phosphorus
pentoxide
alcohols, strong bases, water
potassium carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
potassium
chlorate
sulfuric and other acids
potassium
perchlorate
(also see
chlorates)
sulfuric and other acids
potassium
permanganate
glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid
selenides reducing agents
silver and silver
salts
acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic
acid
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Chemical Incompatible With
sodium carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
sodium nitrite ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts
sodium
peroxide
ethanol and methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride,
benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl
acetate, methyl acetate, furfural
sulfides acids
sulfuric acid potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate
(and similar compounds of light metals such as sodium, lithium)
tellurides reducing agents
22
6.3.2 Labeling and Dating of Waste Containers
LABELS ARE DIFFERENT FROM WASTE TAGS
Waste tags are not a substitute for container labels.
Each and every hazardous waste container must be labeled “HAZARDOUS
WASTE” when the first drop of waste is poured into the container. These labels
along with waste tags will be supplied for free by EHSRM. Each department is
responsible for proper labeling of the waste containers.
The chemical names of substances in the container must be listed on the
container.
When labeling the waste be specific (i.e., “Xylene”, “Acetone”, etc.) instead of
using generalities such as “Non-Halogenated Solvents”.
Do not use abbreviations, chemical formulas or trade names.
Proper labeling will eliminate the problem of identifying unknown chemicals and
wastes. Identification and analysis costs of unknown substances will be the
responsibility of the department alone.
6.3.2.1 How to fill out the label
1) Accumulation Start Date:
The accumulation date tracks compliance with regulations on disposal time limits.
Fill in the month, day and year. This is the date that a new container receives a
drop of a waste.
2) Accumulation End Date:
This is the date the container is full and ready for pick up by EHSRM.
3) Generator Info:
This section defines the person who produced waste material. The information
you provide can be used to track the waste back to you from a disposal site if
there are problems with it later. You must provide the exact location where the
waste was generated. Please include the department, building, room number, and
phone information. Do not use the location of your office unless the waste is
generated in your office.
4) Chemical Name:
a. In the first line, list the chemical name of each constituent; write the name
in full, do not use formulas or abbreviations. List all known constituents,
including water if the waste is aqueous. If the mixture contains non-
hazardous constituents, they do still need to be listed for full compliance.
b. In the second line, list “% conc. or ppm,” or indicate by some means the
relative concentrations of the listed constituents. There are many ways to
meet the requirements of this section of the label. All methods must fully
detail 100% of the constituents in the container.
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Given below are three approaches you may use to track the contents of your waste
container while it is being filled. You can also develop your own method for describing
the waste mixture. The below approaches are for suggestive information only. They are
not standard.
I. Approach 1
When the primary container holds only one waste mixture, simply
estimate the concentration of the constituents and put it right on the
label.
II. Approach 2
If you place various waste mixtures into one container, you may be
able to accurately estimate the concentration of the final mixture
simply by tracking which constituents are added to the container. To
ensure that the estimation is reasonably accurate (to within a few
percent) you should consider factors such as the number of researchers
adding waste to the container, the length of time it takes to fill the
container and the number of chemicals added to the container. Make a
list of all the chemicals that you might add to the container. Place a
copy of this list on the container when you put a hazardous waste label
(with information on accumulation date, generator, chemical name,
physical state and hazard category) on it. As you add waste to the
container, place a check mark next to the names of the chemicals that
you are adding. When the container is full or nearing the end of
accumulation time, someone from the research group will have to
estimate the final % concentration of the checked constituents and
enter it onto the label.
III. Approach 3
When approaches 1 and 2 will not accurately describe the waste, you
can track the volume and percentages of each waste that is added to
the container on a separate list, then use this information to complete
the label. Attach a blank piece of paper to the container when you
place a hazardous waste label (with information on accumulation date,
generator, chemical name, physical state and hazard category) on it.
Each time you add waste to the container, write on the sheet the mass
or volume and quantitative description of the waste. For example, an
entry might read “400 ml of 60% chloroform / 40% methylene
chloride” (example given in Appendix D). When the container is full
or nearing the end of accumulation time, the research group will be
able to calculate the concentration or volume of each constituent and
enter it onto the hazardous waste label. Be sure to complete the
attachment sheet each time waste is added; remember, an inspector
will cite you for not completing the label if it is obvious that the
volume of waste on the attachment sheet is less than in the container!
Regardless of the approach you use to track the contents of the
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container, there are several acceptable ways of expressing the waste
concentration of the final mixture.
The chart below gives examples of 3 different ways to describe one waste. You may
come up with your own method as long as you indicate 100% of the constituents in the
container.
EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DESCRIBE CHEMICAL NAMES ON A LABEL
C CHEMICAL NAME % CONC OR PPM
Example #1
Chloroform/Methylene Chloride (60/40) 400 ml.
Acetonitrile/water (90/10) 800 ml.
Zinc/water (50 ppm) 600 ml.
80% Methanol water remainder 2,200 ml.
Example #2
Chloroform/Methylene Chloride (60/40) 10%
Acetonitrile/water (90/10) 20%
Zinc/water (50 ppm) 600 ml.
80% Methanol water remainder 55%
Example #3
Chloroform 6%
Methylene Chloride 4%
Acetonitrile 18%
Zinc 7.5 ppm
Methanol 44%
Water 28%
5) Physical State/Physical Property
Check only one. Information on physical state is legally required. The labels and
forms need to be explicitly marked. Check both solid and liquid if the waste has
two phases.
6) Hazard Category
Check only one. For mixtures, check the one that is the most hazardous, also
known as the primary hazard. Use a Material Safety Data Sheet to decide hazard
category. If no hazard can be clearly identified, check toxic.
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7) Reactivity
Clearly indicate if it reacts with water or air. If there are additional instructions,
please list them on the label so that it will help others who might accidentally add
waste to the container.
6.3.3 Disposal Procedures for Regulated Wastes
Each department at Stephen F. Austin State University is responsible for the disposal of
their hazardous waste and should budget appropriately. All SFASU departments should
report any waste to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.
SET Environmental Inc. has a standing contract to dispose all the hazardous waste
generated from Stephen F. Austin State University. The Environmental Health, Safety,
and Risk Management Department will assist all departments with the removal and
disposal process of departmental hazardous waste and should always be contacted
whenever hazardous waste is being generated. Each department should follow the
removal and disposal guidelines outlined in this manual.
Step-By-Step Instructions
Before disposing of hazardous waste:
1. Determine if you can reuse or recycle this waste in your laboratory. If so, there is
no need to dispose of the material.
2. If you have unopened or uncontaminated containers in a usable form, you should
attempt to find another user. This will avoid the cost of disposal, the
environmental impact of disposal, and needless cost to another user incurred
through the purchase of new chemicals. The Environmental Health, Safety and
Risk Management Department can assist you in this process.
3. The following are some of the criteria to decide if a substance is waste: spent
material, unusable because it doesn’t meet its required specifications, past its
expiration date, unlabeled, has been unlabeled for more than 10 days, abandoned,
a container that once held chemicals, unwanted and intended to be discarded or
recycled.
4. Determine if a chemical is an “extremely hazardous” waste. Check the list of
known hazardous and extremely hazardous substances provided in the Appendix.
If the chemical is in the listed wastes, follow appropriate directions.
5. If a substance is not an extremely hazardous waste, determine if it is “hazardous
waste”. If you answer NO to all the questions below, your chemical waste is not a
hazardous waste. If you answer YES to any of the questions below, your chemical
is hazardous chemical waste. Follow the storage and disposal guidelines outlined
in this manual.
26
For empty containers that once held hazardous chemical wastes, read How to
Dispose of Empty Hazardous Materials Containers. Dispose of nonhazardous
waste according to its type:
o Solids can go in the regular trash. DO NOT attempt to dissolve
powders or salts and dispose of them in a drain.
o Liquids can be poured down a drain, but may first require
neutralizing or other conditioning.
Does the waste consist of solid reagent chemicals in a manufacturer's
container?
Is the waste ignitable?
o Is the flashpoint less than or equal to 140°F or 60°C?
o Can the waste cause fire at standard temperature and pressure
through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous
chemical changes?
o Is the waste an ignitable compressed gas?
o Is the waste an oxidizer?
o Will it release oxygen when reacting with another chemical?
o Will it react with organic materials such as oils, greases,
solvents, paper, cloth, wood, etc., to ignite?
Is the waste corrosive?
o Is it a liquid with pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or
equal to 12.5?
o Is it a solid with pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or
equal to 12.5 when mixed with an equal weight of water?
o Will it aggressively corrode steel?
o Will it destroy living tissue?
Is the waste reactive?
o Is it normally unstable or subject to violent change?
o Does it react violently with water by forming potentially
explosive mixtures or toxic gases, vapors, or fumes?
o Is it a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing waste that can create toxic
gases, vapors, or fumes when exposed to pH conditions
between 2 and 12.5?
o Can it detonate or explode when decomposing at standard
temperature and pressure, when subjected to a strong initiating
source, or when heated under confinement?
Is the waste toxic? (Toxicity measures apply to all species.)
o Does it have an acute oral LD50 less than 2,500 milligram per
kilogram?
o Does it have an acute dermal LD50 less than 4,300 mg/kg?
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o Does it have an acute inhalation LC50 less than 10,000 ppm as
a gas or vapor?
o Does it have an acute aquatic 96-hour LC50 less than 500
milligrams per liter?
o Has the material shown through experience or testing to pose a
hazard to human health or the environment because of its
carcinogenicity (carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen), acute
toxicity, chronic toxicity, bio-accumulative properties, or
persistence in the environment?
6. Many hazardous wastes are still hazardous at very low concentrations (less than
1%). Contact the EHSRM at 468-6034/468-4532 for assistance in determining if
your low-concentration waste is hazardous.
7. Separate solids and liquids. All liquids must be free of solid material and or
sludge to facilitate consolidation, recycling and proper disposal. If solids cannot
be separated from liquids, the identification and quantity of the solid component
must be listed on the container. Every effort should be made to separate solids
and liquids.
8. Consolidate similar wastes. Effort should be made by the waste generator to
consolidate same-type waste into as few containers as possible.
9. Make sure containers are compatible with the material inside and if not, perform a
transfer to a new container. Containers must be leak free, have a tight cap, and be
clean on the outside. Stoppers and corks are not acceptable. Containers must be
no more than 90% full.
10. Label all waste containers. Make sure containers are marked with:
a) the words "HAZARDOUS WASTE”,
b) use the guidelines described in the manual to fill out the label.
11. Segregate all the waste appropriately. Refer to the SFA Laboratory Manual and
SFA Waste Manual for proper information on compatibility between chemicals.
Contact EHSRM for further assistance at 468-6034/468-4532.
12. Fill out the hazardous materials tag appropriately. Tear off the bottom portion
and mail it to Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management. The address
is printed on the backside of every waste tag. Campus mail will take no more
than 2 days to deliver the waste tag. Fill out and mail the waste tag at least 3 days
before the container is full.
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7. Biological Wastes
The Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) has identified biological waste
as waste that requires special handling to protect human health or the environment. It is
further defined as a solid waste, which, if improperly treated or handled, may serve to
transmit an infectious disease(s). Biological waste is regulated by the TCEQ and the
TDSHS. This waste is comprised of the following:
A. Microbiological Waste
Microbiological waste includes:
Discarded cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biologicals.
Discarded cultures of specimens from medical, pathological, pharmaceutical,
research, clinical, commercial, and industrial laboratories.
Discarded live and attenuated vaccines, but excluding the empty containers
thereof.
Discarded, used disposable culture dishes.
Discarded, used disposable devices used to transfer, inoculate, or mix cultures.
Note: In vitro tissue cultures that have not been intentionally exposed to pathogens are
exempt from these regulations.
B. Animal Waste
Animal waste includes:
Carcasses of animals.
Body parts of animals.
Whole blood, serum, plasma, and/or other blood components from animals.
Bedding of animals intentionally exposed to pathogens.
C. Human Blood and Blood Products
Human blood and blood products include:
Human blood, serum, plasma, other blood components, and body fluids.
Disposable items contaminated with human blood or body fluids.
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D. Pathological Waste
Pathological waste includes but is not limited to:
Human materials removed during surgery, labor and delivery, autopsy,
embalming, or biopsy, including: body parts and tissues or fetuses.
Products of spontaneous or induced human abortions, regardless of the period of
gestation, including: body parts, tissues or fetuses, organs, and bulk blood and
body fluids.
Laboratory specimens of blood and tissue after completion of laboratory
examination.
Anatomical remains.
E. Sharps
Sharps include but are not limited to the following, regardless of contamination:
Hypodermic needles.
Hypodermic syringes with attached needles.
Scalpel blades.
Razor blades, disposable razors, and disposable scissors used in surgery or other
medical procedures.
Glass Pasteur pipettes.
Sharps include but are not limited to the following, when contaminated:
Glass pipettes.
Broken glassware.
Specimen tubes;
Blood culture bottles.
Microscope slides.
Contaminated is defined as the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood,
body fluids, or other infectious materials.
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7.1 Disposal of Biological Waste
To ensure safe and legal disposal, careful attention must be given to the disposal of
university generated bio-hazardous waste. All categories of bio-hazardous waste must be
packaged and handled in accordance with their associated requirements.
Regular Bio-hazardous Waste
All bio-hazardous waste not containing a cut/puncture hazard is to be considered regular
bio-hazardous waste. This material should be wrapped securely and then placed in an
approved biohazard bag (orange or red with official biohazard symbol).
If you treat your own waste in an approved method which does not need to be
regulated, you are still required to have a written protocol for the disposal method of
the particular waste. All written protocols and standard operating procedures for waste
disposal being used by any laboratory should be documented and a copy is to be
submitted to Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.
Sharps
All sharp, contaminated objects should be placed in an approved puncture resistant
"sharps" container. This container should have securely capped ends or a closable top or
lid.
Animal Carcasses
Animal carcasses containing known bio-hazardous agents should be placed in an
approved biohazard bag. See the section of this manual titled "Disposal of Radioactive
Wastes" for information on handling radioactively contaminated carcasses.
The above procedures apply only for bio-hazardous waste and not chemical or
radioactive wastes. If you have any questions about safe biohazard handling or proper
disposal, contact the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department at
468-6034/468-4532.
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COMPLIANCE CAUTION
THE CITY OF NACOGDOCHES MONITORS SEWER OUTFALLS FOR THE
PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN THE TRASH OR SEWER
CAN RESULT IN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF THE
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE.
1. The Nacogdoches sanitary system will be monitored for hazardous waste
constituents. Further, there are numerous sampling locations within the university
sewer system to monitor the source of pollutants disposed down the drain.
2. Labels: Proper labeling is necessary to comply with state and federal regulation, to
allow proper classification of the mixture, to ensure proper segregation, storage and
shipment, and to meet the requirements of your waste disposal contractor. Please
label and package your waste as thoroughly as possible.
3. Container Markings: Producers of hazardous waste must properly mark and date
containers of hazardous waste with the words "hazardous waste" and the starting and
ending dates of accumulation for the waste.
4. The accumulation date depends on the way the waste is generated. If you are
cleaning a storage area and decide to discard some old chemicals, the material
becomes a hazardous waste as soon as you decide to discard it.
5. The label on each container of waste must contain the words "Hazardous Waste", the
complete chemical composition of the waste including volume or percent of each
component, and the name of the responsible person.
6. Waste, which is routinely generated, may be collected over a period of time before it
is disposed of. For example, a researcher may repeatedly perform a simple
separation, which yields a few milliliters of waste solvent. The waste solvent is then
poured into a suitable container such as a one-gallon glass bottle or a five-gallon can.
The container must be no more than 90% full.
7. From the first time a waste is put into the container it must be labeled with the words
"Hazardous Waste", a complete itemized list of the contents (chemical name and
volume), the date the first amount of waste was placed in the container and the date
the container was considered full. It is critically important that waste being
accumulated in Satellite Accumulation Areas be labeled and stored properly.
8. Time Limits: No facility on campus is allowed to accumulate more than 55 gallons of
hazardous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste in a Satellite Accumulation
Area at one time. Laboratory areas are further restricted by the Fire Code as to the
maximum quantity of total "flammable/combustible" material that may be stored
there.
9. It is important to plan ahead for the disposal of hazardous waste.
FAILURE TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS COULD RESULT IN
PENALTIES AND FINES ASSESSED AGAINST THE UNIVERSITY AND
INDIVIDUAL WASTE GENERATOR(S).
32
8. Waste Minimization
Federal and state law requires all generators of hazardous waste to develop strategies
reducing both the volume and the toxicity of hazardous wastes. Please call EHSRM if
you have any ideas on this subject. Also as part of the University agreement with the
State of Texas, we must make significant efforts to minimize the amount of waste
produced.
Some general examples of waste minimization techniques are:
Substitution – The best way to minimize hazardous waste is to replace toxic or
other hazardous materials with less toxic or non-hazardous substances. An
example of substitution includes using Alconox instead of sulfuric/chromic acid
glass cleaner and replacing mercury thermometers with less hazardous alcohol
thermometers or those with plastic coatings less likely to break when dropped.
Recycling/Redistribution – Chemicals that are like new or unopened can often
be redistributed to other labs or work areas saving disposal costs for the
University and new product costs for the recipient. Reuse chemicals before
disposal if possible.
Ordering and Procurement Practices – Order only what you will need based on
the shelf life of chemical and quantities required. A significant percentage of
waste disposed by the University consists of old, unused reagent chemicals. You
can sometimes return unused chemicals to the vendor. Even if you are not
reimbursed for returning the chemicals, you save disposal costs. Purchase only as
much as you need. Bulk discounts may cost more due to eventual removal costs.
Micro Chemistry – Use small-scale chemistry instead of traditional methods to
reduce the amount of chemicals used in laboratory experiments.
Redistilling – Reclaim solvents through distillation processes in laboratories
using large quantities of solvents. This is a good way to cut lab costs and
drastically reduce the cost of purchasing new solvents. Keep in mind that the
residue generated from the re - distillation process is hazardous waste.
In-Laboratory Destruction – Some chemicals can be neutralized or made
exempt from hazardous waste regulations by treatment or alteration in the
laboratory. This must be done only as part of the experiment and in accordance
with published or recognized methods. Contact EHSRM prior to performing in-
laboratory destruction to confirm the process is safe and meets regulatory
requirements. An example would be neutralizing strong acids or bases as the last
step in an experiment. All such procedures should be written down as standard
laboratory protocols for the particular substance and must be submitted to the
EHSRM for approval.
33
Proper segregation will always save disposal costs. Different treatment
procedures have different costs. Proper segregation will allow some solvents to
be recycled and thus results in lesser disposal costs.
9. Onsite Treatment and Disposal
There is a general prohibition against onsite treatment and disposal of any hazardous
waste without a permit. Stephen F. Austin State University is not currently permitted for
on-site treatment or disposal of hazardous wastes. Departments cannot treat and dispose
hazardous waste without appropriate waste permit. Unauthorized treatment and disposal
of hazardous waste can lead to heavy penalties to the tune of hundreds of thousands of
dollars and the respective departments and individuals will be held responsible. If the
waste is regulated and the laboratory is using published or recognized methods, they are
still unauthorized to treat waste without appropriate permit.
34
10. Radioactive Waste
All radioactive waste generated by the use of radioactive materials at Stephen F. Austin
`State University shall be disposed of in such a way as to prevent the occurrence of a
hazard to the health of university staff, students, faculty and the general public.
Adherence to the requirements and recommendations stated in the following sections will
achieve these goals, as well as ensure compliance with the Texas Regulations for the
Control of Radiation.
10.1 Responsibilities of the Departments
Currently, SFASU has a standing contract with SET Environmental Inc for removal and
disposal of all hazardous and radioactive wastes. Each department should follow the
removal and disposal guidelines of the specific waste that they generate.
The following is required to implement effective radioactive waste management
procedures within the laboratory. Specifically, the department shall:
1. Provide adequate radioactive material labeled receptacles for each radioisotope and
type of radioactive waste generated.
2. Ensure that radioactive wastes are placed in these assigned receptacles, and are not
disposed of as ordinary wastes. You must report any such incidents of improper waste
disposal to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.
3. Maintain written records of the activity of all wastes.
4. Assure that radioactive waste is not allowed to be stockpiled in the lab, either in the
designated waste storage area, or in any other areas used for temporary storage.
5. Designate an area of the lab to be used as a waste area using the following guidelines:
Located away from heavy traffic or constantly used areas.
Large enough to allow for shielding if necessary. High-energy beta and gamma
emitters must be stored behind the appropriate shielding material to minimize the
external exposure to lab personnel.
Allows for containment of liquid waste in the event of a spill or container failure.
As the generator of radioactive waste material, laboratory personnel have firsthand
knowledge of waste content. Consequently, laboratory personnel have the full
responsibility of handling all requirements and documentation associated with it.
Do not, under any circumstance, place radioactive waste where it might be picked up by
housekeeping personnel and be disposed of as ordinary waste in the dumpster.
Accidental improper radioactive waste disposal must be reported immediately to the
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.
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10.2 Segregation of Radioactive Waste
All radioactive waste must be segregated according to isotope. Only Tritium (3H) and
Carbon-14 (14C) can be placed in the same container; all other isotopes must be placed in
separate containers.
In addition to segregation by isotope, radioactive waste must also be separated by
physical form. Ten (10) basic physical forms of radioactive waste are identified:
1. Solid
2. Glass
3. Sharps
4. Liquid
5. Liquid Scintillation Vials
6. Biological
7. Animal Remains
8. Source Vials
9. Lead Pigs
10. Sealed Sources
1. Radioactive Solids
It is comprised of most disposable items, as well as lab supplies that have been
contaminated with radioactive material.
Examples: Such items include, but are not necessarily restricted to absorbent work
surface coverings and/or other protective coverings; plastic/rubber gloves, tubing, and
syringes; unbroken glassware such as pipettes, beakers, flasks, columns, etc.
Containers for Disposal: Yellow Radioactive Materials bags. Do not use any other type
of plastic bag to collect the solid radioactive waste. The yellow radioactive material bags
must be placed in closeable waste receptacles (e.g. plastic foot operated trashcan) that
remains closed at all times. Departments must obtain their own receptacles and bags.
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
Exercise extreme care when handling radioactive wastes in any quantity.
Label all bags with the date, isotope, total activity and department’s name.
Deface or remove all radioactive labels and labware labels before placing waste into
the bags.
Inspect the plastic waste bag for leaks prior to removal from the lab. Use a second
yellow bag to contain the waste if necessary.
Do take care not to place anything in the bag in such a way that may tear it.
Do not use any other type of plastic bag to collect the radioactive material waste.
Do not, under any circumstances, place radioactive waste where it might be picked up
by housekeeping personnel and be disposed of as ordinary waste in the dumpsters.
Waste receptacles must remain covered at all times.
36
2. Radioactive Glass
Contaminated glassware and other unbroken glass should be packaged separately from
other solid radioactive waste.
Containers for Disposal: A strong cardboard box properly labeled and sealed is
adequate for disposal use.
3. Radioactive Sharps
Sharps are defined as anything that could tear the yellow radioactive materials bag.
Examples: Needles, broken glass, glass pipettes, razor blades, capillary tubes, etc.
Containers for Disposal: Puncture resistant plastic tubes. When full, securely
recap with orange/red top and properly label tube.
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
Care must be taken to not injure oneself during placement of sharps into container.
Do not attempt to overfill container.
Do make sure that all sharps are dry before placing into container.
When full, securely cap tube with orange/red top.
4. Radioactive Liquid
The category of radioactive liquid waste can be further divided into: (a) Aqueous, (b)
Organic, and (c) Other liquids.
Examples:
(a) Aqueous Liquids - Water-based liquids with a pH between 5.0-9.0, such as
saline and buffer solutions or washings from contaminated laboratory glassware,
weak acids or bases that contain no biological, pathogenic, or infectious materials.
(b) Organic Liquids - Organic laboratory solvents such as alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones, and organic acids. Note: This category does not include scintillation fluids.
(c) Other Liquids - Contaminated pump oil, etc.
Containers for Disposal: Specially designated containers (carboys). These carboys
are to be filled to approximately 80% of available container volume. Do not overfill
these containers.
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
While the container is in the laboratory, provide for double containment as a
precaution against leakage. This will control carboy failure, and is also necessary
because pouring is usually accompanied by drips, dribbles, and seeping. Carboys
should be placed in a tray or pan that will contain the liquid in the event of a spill of
the carboy. At a minimum, plastic backed absorbent paper shall be placed under all
liquid waste carboys.
37
Do not use glass containers for storage of radioactive liquid waste. If plastic-
incompatible contaminated organic solvents are required to be kept in glass
containers, the bottle must be doubled contained.
After emptying labware of radioactive liquid, the first three rinses of the labware must
also be placed in the radioactive liquid waste container. No radioactive liquid is to be
poured down the sink; sinks will be surveyed during routine audits of the laboratories.
Do not mix liquid waste types in the carboys (e.g. organic with aqueous).
Pipettes and other such items are not to be placed in the carboys.
All biological material in the carboys must be properly deactivated. Carboys should
be kept as free of contamination as possible.
5. Radioactive Liquid Scintillation Vials
Examples: Glass or plastic vials containing organic or aqueous based liquid
scintillation fluid.
Containers for Disposal: The waste is disposed of in the original cardboard trays
and placed in a yellow radioactive material bag or double bagged in a yellow
radioactive material bag for disposal. Glass vials not in the original trays must be
double bagged in yellow radioactive material bags and placed in a cardboard box.
Absorbent material must be placed in the cardboard box to absorb any leakage
from the vials. Empty vials are to be disposed of as dry and semi-solid radioactive
waste
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
Assure that all tops are on the vials tightly.
Do not empty used vials into plastic bags. Leaking or seeping scintillation fluid will
dissolve plastic.
Label each box of vials containing aqueous scintillation cocktail and segregate from
organic cocktail vials.
If the vials must be used again, pour the liquid waste into a carboy along with the first
rinse of the vial. Because most scintillation cocktail solutions are volatile and will
contain radioactive substances, the procedures of pouring out the solution should be
conducted in a properly ventilated fume hood.
6. Radioactive Biological Waste
This category includes radioactive waste containing biological, pathogenic, or infectious
material and the equipment used to handle such material.
Examples: By-product animal waste (i.e. serum, blood, excreta), contaminated
capillary tubes and other equipment contaminated with animal fluids, radioactive
material labeled culture media.
Container for Disposal: Yellow radioactive materials bags labeled with biological
waste stickers or red biological bags labeled with radioactive material stickers.
38
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
Liquids must be absorbed into another material such as paper towels, sponges, gauze,
etc. prior to placing into bags.
Pathogenic and infectious waste must be sterilized by chemical treatment or
autoclaving as appropriate. If autoclaved, the autoclave must be checked for
radioactive contamination after use.
7. Radioactive Animal Remains
Examples: Radioactive animal carcasses, animal bedding, and by-product animal
waste with the carcasses (i.e. viscera, serum, blood, excreta, tissue, etc.) and other
animal tissue containing radioactive materials.
Container for Disposal: Yellow Radioactive Materials bags.
Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are:
Animal remains containing radioactive material in any quantity are subject to
handling according to the guidelines.
A tag showing: the date, radioisotope, total activity, and the laboratory shall be tied to
the bag.
Bags not labeled cannot legally be disposed of, so an investigation will be performed to
identify the generator of the unlabeled waste. If the bag is placed in the freezer by
personnel from your lab, the same information must appear on the tag.
Do not allow animal remains containing radioactive materials to be disposed of in the
dumpsters, or otherwise disposed of as ordinary wastes.
Liquids surrounding carcasses must be absorbed into another material (e.g. paper
towels, sponges, gauze, etc.) prior to placing into yellow bags.
8. Source Vials
Examples: The original vials that the radioactive materials were shipped in from
the supplier. This includes full, partially full, and empty vials.
Containers for Disposal: Source vials must be separated from the dry and semi-solid
waste stream. Place the vials in a cardboard box for disposal.
Do not place lead pigs and/or plastic source vial containers into the dry and semi-
solid waste. Place these with the vials in the original cardboard shipping box for
disposal.
39
9. Lead Pigs
Examples: the original lead and lead impregnated shielding containers surrounding
source vials.
Lead is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of accordingly.
Do not place lead pigs and lead impregnated shielding containers into the solid
waste. Place these in the original cardboard shipping box for disposal.
10. All Sealed Sources
Examples: Calibration sources, check sources, quenched standard sets, electron
capture gas chromatograph detectors, etc.
Container for Disposal: Sealed sources must be separated from the solid waste. Place
the sources in a cardboard box for disposal.
Check for broken or crushed sources and handle these damaged sources with extreme
care.
All sources must be disposed of properly by a private contractor, even if decayed.
A final survey and/or leak test on all sources prior to disposal shall be done by the
department.
10.3 Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Radioactive wastes that are handled by departments are subject to the same time and
logistical constraints as the chemical and bio-hazardous waste streams.
When the waste containers are full:
1. Close and properly seal the containers. Bags are to be taped, carboys must have the lids
tightly in place, and sharps must have both end caps on.
2. Yellow-bagged dry and semi-solid waste must be removed from the waste bag
supporting container and taped shut to be considered ready for pickup.
3. Full waste containers that require shielding shall not be left outside of the shield while
awaiting pickup by private commercial vender.
4. Label the container with department's name, isotope, activity and date.
5. Currently, SFASU Departments contract individually with a commercial vendor for
removal and disposal of radioactive wastes. Each department should follow the
removal and disposal guidelines of their contractor for the disposal of their generated
hazardous waste.
SAFETY CAUTION
SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURES MAY RESULT FROM THE FAILURE TO
ADEQUATELY SHIELD WASTES AWAITING PICKUP.
40
11. Non Hazardous Waste
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SHOULD NOT BE PUT IN DUMPSTERS
Not all laboratory wastes are hazardous and so should not be entered into the
SFASU hazardous waste program. No wastes, which are defined as hazardous by
EPA may be placed in the dumpsters. Refer to hazardous waste section of this
manual for guidelines to identifying hazardous waste.
Liquid waste (i.e., bottles of unused or partially used solutions) may never be
disposed of in dumpsters, as liquid wastes are not permitted at the municipal
landfill.
Empty containers of waste commercial products or chemicals are acceptable if no
freestanding liquids remain in the containers and all disposal requirements noted
on the label are complied with.
Pesticide containers, or those which contained acutely hazardous materials, must
be triple rinsed and the rinse water collected for disposal as hazardous waste.
Empty containers must be perforated on both ends and/or crushed, and the
container labels defaced or otherwise marked to indicate the containers no longer
contain hazardous materials.
Animal wastes containing formaldehyde are not acceptable in dumpsters;
carcasses and the liquid (i.e. formalin) should be disposed of as hazardous waste.
Certain solid, non-hazardous chemicals are suitable for disposal to the sanitary
landfill. However, such chemicals should not be placed in laboratory trash
containers as custodial personnel have been instructed not to handle any chemical
wastes. Non-hazardous solids should be placed directly into the dumpsters.
The following types of solid laboratory wastes are generally considered non-
hazardous or of low toxicity and so may be put directly in the dumpsters. As
noted above, solutions of such wastes should not be put in the laboratory trash
containers. Check with ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, SAFETY, and RISK
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT for quantities greater than 5 pounds.
a. Organic chemicals:
Sugars and starches
Naturally occurring a-amino acids and salts
Citric acid and its Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH4 salts
Lactic acid and its Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH4 salts
b. Inorganic chemicals
Sulfates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4
Phosphates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4
Carbonates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4
Oxides: B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn
Chlorides: Na, K, Mg
Fluorides: Ca
Borates: Na, K, Mg, Ca
41
c. Laboratory materials not contaminated with hazardous chemicals:
Chromatographic absorbents
Filter paper, filter aids, and glassware
Rubber and plastic protective clothing
Non-hazardous gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, neon) may generally
be vented to the atmosphere via a certified and functioning laboratory fume hood.
Please check with EHSRM prior to such venting, particularly for large volumes.
While many such gases are not toxic, if vented at a rate greater than the removal
rate of the fume hood, an asphyxiant hazard could be created in the laboratory.
If there is any question as to whether a waste is acceptable for land filling, please
contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department
(468-4532).
11.1 Non Contaminated Glass
When a laboratory on campus wishes to dispose of glassware, empty bottles, glass
pipettes, test tubes etc., that is free of radiological, chemical or biological hazards, the
waste can be placed by the laboratory personnel into the dumpsters located outside most
of the buildings. Custodial Services will not pick up broken glass or empty chemical
containers of any kind.
1. All glass must be free of chemical, biological or radioactive contamination before
packaging of the material begins.
2. Contaminated materials must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible contamination on or
in the glassware. Pipettes cannot have appreciable amounts of liquid still inside them.
Chemically contaminated glassware must have been triple rinsed and the rinse
collected as hazardous waste. Biological contamination must have been sterilized or
sanitized to ensure all organisms, pathogens or viruses are dead. Radioactive
contaminated glassware should be sent out as radioactive waste and not packaged
with other glass waste.
3. After the generator has ensured that the glass is free of all hazardous contaminants,
the glass must be packaged in either the broken glass receptacles or packaged in thick
cardboard boxes.
4. Each container should be no more than 90% full and weigh less than 20 pounds.
5. The container must be marked with the words "Broken Glass" and be taped shut with
no protruding shards of glass or pipettes sticking out. Any container that is not taped
shut or has glass protruding will not be picked up.
6. The generator must ensure the material placed in these receptacles is dry. Wet
material will damage the bottoms of the receptacles causing the bottoms to become
weakened and difficult to pick up.
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12. Unknown Waste
If you have an unidentified chemical waste that you want to dispose of, attempt to
identify the contents by asking other researchers if they produced the material or know
who did. If the original researcher cannot be found, narrow the scope of potential
generators. If your efforts at identifying the waste are unsuccessful, the contents will
have to be analyzed at a significant cost. Please notify EHSRM as soon as an unknown
waste is discovered. You cannot move or dispose any unknown substance from your lab.
No possible price quote will be given for any analyzing costs that are incurred in the
process of identification of the unknown substance. The department or individual are
solely responsible to pay for any analyzing costs.
13. MOU Glassware
The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) and the Texas Higher Education
Coordinating Board (THECB) have developed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
as required by the Texas Safety and Health Code. Under the MOU, certain laboratory
apparatus are prohibited from being sold or transferred to any person or entity not holding
a DPS permit or waiver. Therefore, this laboratory apparatus cannot be sent to surplus
for sale to the public nor can it be given to anyone outside of the University. The
following items are identified by this MOU as controlled:
adapter tubes condensers
distilling apparatus distilling flasks
encapsulating machines Erlenmeyer, two-necked, single neck, round bottom,
thermometer, and filtering flasks
filter, buchner, and
separatory funnels
flask heaters
heating mantles Soxhlet extractors
tableting machines three-necked flasks
transformers vacuum dryers
To dispose of the above listed items, first try to find another lab group at the University
that can use them. If that is not possible, contact EHSRM at 468-6034.
43
14. Empty Container:
Did
s No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No Yes
No Yes
To properly use the empty container flow chart, the container must be truly empty. Not a
drop of liquid, or any solid residue that could be scraped out, may be present.
Did the container
previously hold a
hazardous material?
This container is
not regulated
Do you intend to reuse the
container in the future to
hold compatible waste?
Cross out the
original label
Is the volume of the
container greater than 5
gallons or less?
Did the container hold
an acutely or extremely
hazardous material?
Would trashing the
container pose a
hazard?
Remove the cap or lid
and place the container
in the trash
Will rinsing the
container remove the
hazard?
Rinse the container and
manage the rinsate as
hazardous waste
Put a hazardous
waste label on the
container.
The accumulation
date = the date the
container was
emptied.
The chemical name
is the chemical
composition of the
containers former
contents.
Fill in the rest of
the label as per
labeling standards
outlined in the
manual and request
a pick up.
An empty container has the
following characteristics:
Not one drop of
material can be
removed by tilting or
inverting the container.
Solid and semi-solid material cannot be
feasibly removed by
scrapping or chipping.
Aerosols – Contents
and propellant are used
to maximum extent
feasible under normal
use.
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15. Universal Waste
Federal and State agencies also regulate other wastes the University generates under less
stringent guidelines set up to encourage recycling and reduce illegal disposal. The
wastes falling under this category are noted as Universal Wastes and include batteries,
spent fluorescent lamps (lights), pesticides and certain mercury-containing equipment. If
you have questions concerning the proper handling, storage and management of any of
these wastes contact EHSRM at 468-6034. Please be reminded that it is illegal to dump
this waste in trash without following proper procedures.
Batteries: All spent batteries (AA, AAA, C, D, 9V, calculator batteries, etc.) are
classified as Universal Wastes and must be recycled.
Fluorescent Lamps: All spent fluorescent lamps, except those with green end
caps; contain mercury in such amounts that they exhibit a hazardous waste
toxicity characteristic. As with spent batteries, state and federal regulations allow
them to be managed as a Universal Waste and must be recycled. However, if the
lamps are broken during removal they must be managed as hazardous waste and
require labeling and containerization as appropriate. In the event of a broken
bulb, contact the Physical Plant or EHSRM. In addition to the hazardous
constituents in the fluorescent lamps, spent light ballasts also require special
consideration because they may contain PCBs. Leaking ballast must be kept
separate and containerized immediately. In the event of ballast malfunction or
leaking contact the Physical Plant.
Pesticides: Waste pesticides can also qualify as Universal Wastes if they have
been recalled or come from stocks of unused products gathered as part of a waste
pesticide collection program.
Mercury-Containing Equipment: This category includes devices, items, or
articles that contain varying amounts of elemental mercury integral to its function.
Some commonly recognized devices are thermostats, barometers, manometers,
temperature and pressure gauges and mercury switches, such as light switches in
automobiles.
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16. Emergency Response to Waste Spills
There are numerous different chemical, biological, and radioactive hazardous materials
used throughout Stephen F. Austin State University on a daily basis. These chemicals are
used in a variety of settings such as laboratories, research settings, building maintenance
operations, construction/renovation projects and so forth. The range of individuals using
chemical substances at the University also varies greatly from students, faculty, staff, and
contractors. Each hazardous material user should educate themselves with the specific
hazardous material that he/she plans to work with, and consider response options in case
of a spill or release beforehand. With the high level of chemical, biological, and
radioactivity (i.e. laboratory use, plant operations functions, etc.) around the campus there
is a high probability that a “spill” will occur. These general controls are designed to aid
the user in responding to spills in which the user has a thorough knowledge of the
hazardous substances and there is no immediate threat to the safety and health to the user
or others in the vicinity.
However in the event of a spill or release of any compound that the user cannot control,
or has any concerns about controlling, he/she should immediately call for assistance.
During regular business hours Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00 pm call the
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department directly at 468-4532.
Any other time call the SFASU Police at
Emergencies 911
Non-emergencies 468-2608
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16.1 Chemical Spill Procedures
It is the responsibility of each individual using a hazardous material to become familiar
with the emergency response procedures, if any, which govern his or her facility. The
Material Safety Data Sheet for the chemical is a good source for specific information.
The following general rules should be followed in the event of a major (i.e. greater than 5
gallons of a typical solvent; much less for more toxic materials) hazardous materials spill
or other emergency.
16.1.1 Chemical Emergency Steps
a. ACTIVATE EVACUATION (FIRE) ALARM, IF NECESSARY, FOR
THE BUILDING
Be familiar with the sound of the alarm system in your facility. If the incident
could threaten the health of individuals in the building activate the alarm.
b. CALL FOR HELP, AND CALL THE UNIVERSITY POLICE, IF
NECESSARY, AT 911
Get as much information as you can about the chemical. If possible, locate a
Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Be sure the SFASU Police have been accurately
informed as to the nature and location of the spill, and whether there are
injuries requiring the assistance of an ambulance. University Police will
contact the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.
c. ATTEND TO LIFE-THREATENING INJURIES
The primary concern in the event of an emergency is to protect the life and
health of others.
d. PREVENT ACCESS TO THE AREA
Barricades of some sort should be set up to prevent inadvertent access to the
area of the spill. This action may be necessary to prevent injury and to control
the spread of contamination.
e. CONTAIN THE SPILL TO PREVENT RELEASE TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
If the spill can be safely contained, prevent release to the sanitary sewer
system, the storm sewer, and/or the ground. Do not jeopardize your own safety.
f. INITIATE MATERIAL SPECIFIC CLEAN-UP PROCEDURES The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will
assist in spill clean-up. However, accountability for the spill and disposal of
spill residue belongs to the individual or department.
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16.1.2 Spill Prevention and Control: Standard Operating Procedure
This procedure provides information for spill prevention, control and cleanup at the
Stephen F. Austin State University.
Definitions:
a. Hazardous Chemical - Any chemical substance that presents a health or
physical hazard, and/or is listed in the following:
1. CERCLA – Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and
Liability Act. The Superfund for the cleanup of listed sites.
2. RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Environmental
Protection Administration (EPA) hazardous waste regulations.
b. Health Hazard - Human exposure to chemicals that are suspected carcinogens,
toxic agents, irritants, sensitizers, and agents that may damage human tissue.
c. Physical Hazard - Exposure to chemicals when any of the following hazards are
present: explosive, flammable, compressed gas, oxidizer, reactive, or corrosive.
d. Spill - Any unplanned release of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical.
e. A Release to the Environment - A spill or discharge that escapes beyond the
confines of the building or structure, such as when materials reach the soil,
surface water, or atmosphere.
Regulations
a. All departments shall take proactive steps to ensure the prevention of hazardous
chemical discharges into the environment.
b. All chemical spills released into the environment should be reported to and
evaluated by the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management
Department who will assist with the appropriate clean up response.
c. The user department should clean up a spill that is not a release to the
environment, small enough to be safely cleaned up and that might not require
specialized equipment. (i.e., spills that do not pose a hazard beyond that which the
users typically deal with should be cleaned by the user group). A spill that cannot
be safely cleaned up by the user department shall be reported to the
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.
* Note: If any quantity of hazardous material is spilled and makes its way to the
environment (i.e. soil, water, air or storm sewer) it must be reported immediately to the
48
Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-4532. The
EHSRM Department representative will contact the following agencies as necessary:
For all releases call:
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Austin
Environmental Release Hotline
1 (800) 832-8224
(512) 239-2507
(512) 463-7727
Questions 1(888) 777-3186
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Region 10, Nacogdoches County
3870 Eastex Fwy
Beaumont, TX 77703-1892
(409) 898-3838
Fax (409) 892-2119
City of Nacogdoches Emergency Numbers
Hazardous Material Incident 559-2541
Emergency Management Office 559-2541
after hours 559-2607
Fire Department 559-2541
Water Utilities 559-5046
Health Department 559-2556
Public Works 559-2583
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)
1 (800) 424-9300
* If there is a mercury spill of any type, it must be reported to the Environmental Health,
Safety, and Risk Management Department immediately. A special procedure must be
used to clean up this type of spill.
* Many acid/base spills require special clean up and neutralization procedures depending
on what type of acid or base was spilled. This type of spill must also be reported
immediately to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at
468-4532.
d. Each department should ensure that adequate proactive spill prevention and
control procedures are in place. Materials to contain and absorb potential spills
shall be provided where liquid chemicals are used or handled. The user will
develop a cleanup procedure for spills not released into the environment.
e. No employee will be assigned to work in an area where hazardous chemicals are
stored and/or used until proper safety protective equipment is provided and the
employee has been adequately trained.
49
f. New construction and facility modification plans shall include proactive spill
prevention and control provisions. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk
Management Department shall approve all plans that involve tanks or other bulk
liquid storage or usage facilities.
1. Storage tanks shall meet all facility and operational requirements established
by Stephen F. Austin State University.
2. Spill containment for tanks and piping shall meet the requirements of SFASU.
Preventive measures will be determined after a review of the chemical's
characteristics and risk to employees, the community, and the environment.
16.1.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Counter Measures
1. Departments should store all chemicals in a manner that will ensure that a
chemical spill does not occur through negligence or ignorance. All flammables
should be stored inside a flammables cabinet. All acids and bases should be
separated into their respective cabinets also. Reactive chemicals should be
separated into hazard class according to their specific hazards. For example: store
all pyrophorics together, all water reactives together etc.
2. Each area where hazardous chemicals are stored should have adequate lighting at
all times.
3. All employees who handle or transfer hazardous chemicals in any manner should
be trained in the proper handling and protection procedures for those specific
chemicals.
4. Each department should create a spill kit. This kit should contain chemical
absorbing wipes, acid and base neutralizers, mercury absorbent and mercury
indicator, pH paper. It should also contain personal protective gear such as
neoprene gloves, apron and face shield.
5. After a spill is reported to Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management
Department, a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) will be located on that specific chemical
so the hazards associated with it can be evaluated. The spill cleanup measures
will then be initiated from the SDS spill and leak procedures section. If the
chemical spilled is of an extremely hazardous nature, the Nacogdoches Fire
Department will be called to assist with the situation.
6. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will
establish a safe perimeter around a spill and control access.
7. Contain spills to limit contamination of surrounding areas.
8. Clean up spill when appropriate and decontaminate area. Provide disposal in
accordance with EPA procedures and statutes.
9. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will report
any impact that a building or facility will have on continued operations at Stephen
F. Austin State University.
50
16.1.4 Spill Kit-General Spill Control Techniques
16.1.4.1 Chemical Spill Response Kit Expectations
1. Departments are responsible for creating and purchasing their own spill kits.
2. Personnel are expected to handle single chemical spills of up to 5 gallons.
3. Kits are small personal kits for first responders.
4. Personnel will handle chemical spills with two chemicals only after consultation
with a chemist or the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management
Department.
5. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department or
Nacogdoches Fire Department will handle all chemical spills with three or more
chemicals involved.
6. If you do not understand how to use the kit or feel you need help, please contact
the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-
4532.
16.1.4.2 Recommended Chemical Spill Kit Contents Sheet
ITEM QUANTITY
5 Gallon Poly Pal 1
Sock/Boom, 3" x 4 ' 2
Spill Pillows, 2 liter 2
Disposal Bag 2
4H Gloves, Size 11 2 pair
Nitrile Gloves 2 pair
Tyvek QC Coveralls, XL 2
1 Quart Scoop 1
Scraper 1
4 lb. Citric Acid (for basic spills) 1
4 lb. Sodium Sesquicarbonate (for acidic spills) 1
5 lb. Vermiculite 1
Wipes 4
Litmus paper 1
Biohazard Bag 1
Biohazard Mask 2
Biohazard Gloves 4 pair
Biohazard Wipes 2
Hazardous Waste Label 2
Ziploc Bag 4
Safety Glasses 2
51
16.1.4.3 Helpful Hints When Using the Contents of a Chemical Spill Kit
Get help and bring your chemical spill kit to the site. This is a two-person
operation.
The responsibility of the second person is to stay clean and to hand the materials
in when necessary. This person is also to watch the area.
Ask someone other than your chemical spill partner to call the Environmental
Health, Safety and Risk Management Department if you do not feel comfortable
or feel you cannot handle the spill alone.
Put on Nitrile or 4-H gloves.
Put on safety goggles.
You may need to wear a respirator with special filters depending on what has
been spilled. Read the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) for the chemical spilled to see if
this is necessary. A respirator is not supplied with the spill kit. A chemical
resistant suit is for your protection when cleaning up a chemical spill.
16.1.4.4 Recommended Chemical Spill Kit Contents Sheet w/ Mercury Spill
ITEM QUANTITY
5 Gallon Poly Pal 1
Sock/Boom, 3" x 4 ' 2
Spill Pillows, 2 liter 2
Disposal Bag 2
4H Gloves, Size 11 2 pair
Nitrile Gloves 2 pair
Tyvek QC Coveralls, XL 2
1 Quart Scoop 1
Scraper 1
4 lb. Citric Acid (for basic spills) 1
4 lb. Sodium Sesquicarbonate (for acidic spills) 1
5 lb. Vermiculite 1
Wipes 4
Litmus paper 1
Biohazard Bag 1
Biohazard Mask 2
Biohazard Gloves 4 pair
Biohazard Wipes 2
Hazardous Waste Label 2
Ziploc Bag 4
Mercury Shaker 1
Mercury Sponge 1
Small Jar 1
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16.1.4.5 Helpful Hints When Using the Contents of a Mercury Spill Kit
Inside the spill kit there should be a box marked Hg Absorb Sponges. These
sponges are for small mercury spills only.
Use the Hg Absorb Sponges to remove small droplets of mercury from surface
areas.
Activate sponges before use by moistening with a small amount of water.
Place the sponge, rough side up, on a level surface. The rough side of the
sponge contains the active material which will amalgamate mercury forming a
silvery surface.
Caution: Excessive water may reduce the ability of the sponge to pick-up
mercury.
Spread the water evenly with a gloved finger. After 1 minute the sponge is
ready to use. Slowly move the sponge, activated side down, over the surface
to be cleaned. The capacity of the sponge can be increased with a small
amount of moistened Hg Absorb powder rubbed into the surface of the
activated sponge.
After finishing with the Hg Absorb Sponge, it should be stored in a plastic bag
and disposed of properly.
16.1.5 Types of Spill Responses
Flammable liquids / organic solvents
There are many different organic solvents, most of which are flammable to some extent,
used throughout the campus. If the spill is a flammable liquid or organic solvent:
Use material in the spill kit marked Vermiculite. (Brown absorbent)
Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the chemical spill.
Completely cover the chemical, and allow the vermiculite to soak up the chemical
completely.
If flammable, protect spill from spark and other sources of ignition.
Vermiculite can be used to contain (dike) a chemical spill and used to soak up flammable
liquids.
Acid / Base Spills
Typically, acid and caustic spills can be neutralized. Simple neutralization will reduce a
large portion of the hazardous materials incident into a nonhazardous state. This is the
simple element of neutralization. There may be a significant amount of heat generated
and gases released (e.g. carbon dioxide). The ideal process is to accomplish this in a
relatively controlled and anticipated environment. The adaptable concept described
below is for a small to medium size spill of one to five gallons. The format may be
53
enlarged to embrace larger spills by adding additional supplies, equipment and personnel.
Your unique situation may demand that you pre-plan how your department will react to
small chemical spills. We recommend that you try to keep the plan and process as simple
as you can. However, please note strong bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide and potassium
hydroxide) should not be used in the neutralization process of strong acid. Likewise,
strong acids (e.g, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) should not be used in the
neutralization process of strong bases.
The first step is to determine the pH of the spilled substance. This can be done by using
the pH paper in the chemical spill kit.
Using the pH paper
Tear off a strip (3 to 4 inches long)
Dip the pH paper into the liquid that has spilled
Check the color chart that is located on the pH paper tape dispenser
If pH paper is RED
Use material in the bag marked Sodium Sesquicarbonate.
Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the spill.
Cover the chemical completely.
Leave the immediate area and wait 10-15 minutes to allow complete neutralization.
Recheck the pH to see if neutralization has been reached. If not, repeat steps 1-4 until
neutralization is complete. You want a pH between 6-9.
If pH paper is BLUE
Use material in the bag marked Citric acid.
Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the spill.
Cover the chemical completely.
Leave the immediate area and wait 10-15 minutes to allow complete neutralization.
Recheck the pH to see if neutralization has been reached. If not, repeat steps 1-4
until neutralization is complete. You want a pH between 6-8.
During chemical neutralization, heat and fumes may be given off. Once the chemical has
started to react leave the immediate area for 15 minutes before returning.
54
Common Neutralization Reactions
Acidic Solutions
Add (sodium sesquicarbonate) to solutions whose pH is between 0-6.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium sesquicarbonate = heat + carbon dioxide + salt + water
Caustic or Alkaline Solutions
Add (citric acid) to solutions whose pH is between 8-14.
Sodium hydroxide + citric acid = heat + salt + water
16.1.6 Disposal
All Spilled Chemicals
Use the following instructions to clean up and dispose of any type of spilled chemicals.
Scoop the material up into a big zip-lock bag or container.
Dispose of all used gloves, chemical resistant suits, and other contaminated materials
into bag also.
Put red and white Hazardous Waste Label with contents and date on the disposal bag.
It is the responsibility of the department to properly dispose of the waste generated
due to the chemical spill.
If possible, have area mopped after clean up.
Fill out Chemical Incident Form located on the next page and attach this form to the
container of spilled material and mail a copy to the Environmental Health, Safety and
Risk Management Department (Box 6113).
55
CHEMICAL SPILL INCIDENT SHEET
Stephen F. Austin State University
TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________
DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________
EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________
(Be specific)
TYPE OF CHEMICAL: Hg ___________ Acid___________ Alkaline______________
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS __________ BIOHAZARD _________ OTHER__________
SIZE: QT ________ 5 GAL ________ 55 GAL __________ OTHER ______________
LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________
------- Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department Use Only--------
TCEQ WASTE CODE ________________DISPOSED OF _____________________
EPA WASTE CODES __________________MANIFEST #_______________________
56
16.2 Biological Spill Procedures
The following procedures are provided as a guideline to bio-hazardous spill cleanup. In
each of the following cases, depending on the size of the spill, notify everyone in the lab,
and call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department (468-
4532). If a spill contains BSL-2 or greater containment material, or if the spill is
considered too large or too dangerous for laboratory personnel to safely clean up, secure
the area--including the whole lab--and call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk
Management Department immediately for assistance.
Spills inside a Bio-safety Cabinet (BSC)
Wait at least five minutes to allow the BSC to contain aerosols.
Wear lab coat, safety glasses and gloves during cleanup.
Allow cabinet to run during cleanup.
Apply disinfectant and allow a minimum of 20 minutes contact time.
Wipe up spillage with disposable disinfectant-soaked paper towel.
Wipe the walls, work surface and any equipment in the cabinet with a disinfectant-
soaked paper towel.
Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste
disposal procedures (e.g., autoclave or bag for disposal).
Place contaminated reusable items in biohazard bags for proper disposal.
Expose non-autoclavable materials to disinfectant (20 minute contact time) before
removal from the BSC.
Remove protective clothing used during cleanup and place in a biohazard bag for
autoclaving.
Run cabinet 10 minutes after cleanup before resuming work or turning cabinet off.
Spills outside a BSC
Call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department if the
material is BSL-2 or greater containment.
Clear area of all personnel. Wait at least 15 minutes for aerosol to settle before
entering spill area.
Remove any contaminated clothing and place in biohazard bag to be disposed of
properly.
Put on a disposable gown, safety glasses and gloves.
Initiate cleanup with disinfectant as follows:
1. Place dry paper towels on spill (to absorb liquids); then layer a second set of
disinfectant soaked paper towels over the spill.
2. Encircle the spill with additional disinfectant being careful to minimize
aerosolization while assuring adequate contact.
3. Decontaminate all items within the spill area.
4. Allow 20 minutes contact time to ensure germicidal action of disinfectant.
5. Wipe equipment with appropriate disinfectant.
6. Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste
disposal procedures (e.g., autoclave or private contractor).
7. Disinfect reusable items.
57
Spill inside a Centrifuge
Clear area of all personnel.
Wait 30 minutes for aerosol to settle before attempting to clean up spill.
Wear a lab coat, safety glasses and gloves during cleanup.
Remove rotors and buckets to nearest biological safety cabinet for cleanup.
Thoroughly disinfect inside of centrifuge.
Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste
disposal procedures.
Spills outside the Lab, In Transit
Transport labeled bio-hazardous material in an unbreakable, well-sealed primary
container placed inside of a second unbreakable, lidded container (cooler, plastic pan
or pail) labeled with the biohazard symbol.
Should a spill occur in a public area, do not attempt to clean it up without appropriate
personal protective equipment.
Secure the area, keeping all people well clear of the spill.
Call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-
4532 to assist in cleanup.
Standby during spill response and cleanup activity and provide assistance only as
requested or as necessary.
See the Disposal of Biohazardous Wastes section for proper disposal of spill cleanup
material. All spills should be reported to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk
Management Department. A Biological Incident Form located on the next page should
be filled out and attached to the container of spilled material and a copy should be mailed
to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113).
58
BIOLOGICAL SPILL INCIDENT SHEET
Stephen F. Austin State University
TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________
DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________
EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________
(be specific)
TYPE OF BIOHAZARD _________
AMOUNT _________
LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________
59
16.3 Radiation Spill, Accident, Decontamination and Emergency Procedures
16.3.1 Spill
Notify all personnel in the room of the spill.
If personnel are contaminated, immediately proceed with personnel
decontamination using proper techniques.
Confine the spill as soon as possible.
Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety, and
Risk Management Department at 468-4532 immediately of significant personnel
contamination or large spills.
Decontaminate the area using personnel protective equipment and proper
techniques.
Perform surveys and wipe tests to verify that the area has been adequately
decontaminated.
Dispose of all radioactive waste properly.
16.3.2 Accident
Accident involving radioactive dust, mist, fume, organic vapor, or gas
Notify all personnel to vacate the room immediately.
Hold breath and vacate the room.
Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety and
Risk Management Department at once (468-4532).
Keep all access doors locked.
Do not re-enter the room until approval of the Radiation Safety Officer is
obtained.
Accident involving Personnel Injury
Call the SFASU Police at extension 911 if a physician is needed or for a life
threatening situation.
Proceed with personnel decontamination if possible.
All radiation accidents (wound, overexposure, ingestion, inhalation) must be
reported to the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety,
and Risk Management Department at 468-4532 as soon as possible.
No one involved in a radiation injury will be permitted to return to work without
the approval of the Radiation Safety Officer.
60
16.3.3 Decontamination
Area
Attend to the spill as soon as possible.
All persons not involved and not contaminated should leave the area.
Put on lab coat, protective eyewear, gloves and shoe covers if available before
entering the room or area.
Prevent liquids from spreading by placing any absorbing material over it.
Monitor the spill, equipment, and people involved to determine the radiation
exposure levels.
Wash the area with a minimum of soapy water or a standard radioactive
decontaminating agent. Using paper towels, start at the furthest end or the place
of least contamination and move inwards toward the highest point of
contamination. Dispose of all radioactive waste properly.
Using a filter paper or cotton swab, wipe the area. Count the wipe using a
scintillation or gamma counter. If the count is greater than 200 dpm, repeat area
decontamination until the count is below this level of contamination.
Once the affected area has been blotted dry, scrub the contaminated area with
soap and water. Continue this process until the contamination is less than 1,000
dpm/100 cm2 of the removable contamination. If the contaminated area cannot be
reduced to these levels, the area should be covered with an impervious material
(e.g. diaper paper) to prevent further contamination. If the spill produces
radiation fields exceeding 2 mrem hr-1 at one foot from the source, appropriate
shielding material should be placed on the area. If shielding is not feasible, access
to the spill zone should be restricted. All areas of non-removable contamination
should be labeled with cautionary information, and personnel in the area should
be notified. The Radiation Safety Officer is available to supervise personnel
concerning decontamination of surfaces, appropriate shielding, and restriction of
access.
Personnel
For contamination of the skin, use light pressure with heavy lather. Wash for 2
minutes, 3 times. Rinse and monitor. Use care not to scratch or erode the skin.
(Do not scrub contaminated skin). Use warm not hot water, and avoid reddening
the skin.
Contaminated clothing, including shoes, should be removed before the individual
leaves the area. This clothing shall be labeled and held for storage until decayed,
decontaminated, or properly disposed. Thorough washing, preferably showers,
should be accomplished immediately where major personnel contamination has
occurred.
Cover with sterile dressing and seek medical attention at once.
Monitor personnel after washing. Repeat if necessary.
Minor cuts should be encouraged to bleed, thereby reducing absorption.
Treatment of major cuts should be considered before decontamination.
61
16.3.4 Emergency
Radiation emergencies are incidents which involve actual or suspected exposure to
uncontrolled sources of radioactivity that cause or threaten to cause an external dose in
excess of twenty-five (25) rem to the whole body, or gross radioactive personnel
contamination resulting in ingestion, inhalation, injection, or skin absorption of
radioactive material leading to comparable risk.
Emergencies will be dealt with according to their nature that may include fire, spill,
accident, injury, or a combination. The following is the basics for the handling of all
emergencies:
Life-saving or first aid measures take precedence over radiation hazards and
decontamination efforts.
Notify all personnel in the area.
Contain or secure the radioactive material if possible.
Take care of injuries and remove injured personnel from the area when possible.
Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety, and
Risk Management Department at 468-4532 as soon as possible.
Permission from the Radiation Safety Officer must be obtained to continue or
return.
Apply decontamination procedures when possible.
The Radiation Safety Officer will notify the appropriate agencies of any incidents
required to be reported.
See the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes section for proper disposal of spill cleanup
material. All spills should be reported the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk
Management Department. A Radiation Incident Form located on the next page should be
filled out and attached to the container of spilled material and a copy should be mailed to
the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113).
62
RADIATION SPILL INCIDENT SHEET
Stephen F. Austin State University
TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________
DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________
EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________
(be specific)
TYPE OF RADIATION _________
AMOUNT _________
LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________
63
16.4 Decontamination: Standard Operating Procedure
This procedure should be followed in the event of an emergency where a victim or
equipment should need to be decontaminated due to a chemical, biological, or radioactive
release or spill. When planning to decontaminate in a medical emergency, procedures
should be followed to ensure:
Decontamination of the victim.
Protection of medical personnel.
Disposing of contaminated protective equipment and wash solutions.
The decision whether or not to decontaminate a victim is based on the type and severity
of the illness or injury and the nature of the contaminant. For some emergency victims,
immediate decontamination may be an essential part of life-saving first aid. For others,
decontamination may aggravate the injury or delay life-saving treatment. If
decontamination does not interfere with essential treatment, it should be performed.
If decontamination can be done:
Wash, rinse and/or cut off protective clothing and equipment.
If decontamination cannot be done:
Wrap the victim in blankets, plastic, or rubber to reduce contamination of other
personnel.
Alert emergency and offsite medical personnel to potential contamination; instruct them
about specific decontamination procedures if necessary.
Send along site personnel familiar with the incident.
16.5 Equipment
In an emergency, equipment will be necessary to rescue and treat victims, to protect
response personnel, and to mitigate hazardous conditions on site (e.g., to contain
hazardous materials or fight fires). Some regular equipment can double for emergency
use. Provide safe and unobstructed access for all firefighting and emergency equipment
at all times. Consider adopting the following work procedures.
For personnel protective equipment:
Basic equipment that should be available at any site can be found in Table A on the
next page. Special equipment should be obtained depending on the specific types of
emergencies that may occur at a particular site and the capabilities of backup offsite
personnel. When determining the type and quantity of special equipment, the
following factors should be considered:
The types of emergencies that may arise. For each emergency, consider a probable
and a worst-case scenario.
The types of hazards that site personnel may be exposed to and the appropriate
containment, mitigative, and protective measures.
The capabilities and estimated response times of offsite emergency personnel.
64
The numbers of site personnel who could be victims during an emergency.
The probable number of personnel available for response.
Table A
Onsite Equipment and Supplies for Emergency Response
Personal Protection Medical Hazard Mitigation
Blankets
Antiseptics
Spill-containment equipment such as absorbents and oil
Personal protective equipment and clothing specialized for known site hazards.
Emergency Eye Wash
Containers to hold contaminated materials and clothing.
Half face respirators and cartridges
Emergency Safety Showers
Acid and Base Neutralizers
Ice
Other clean up gear such as chemical resistant shovels
Reference books containing scoops etc. basic first-aid procedures and information on
treatment of specific chemical injuries.
Stretcher
Water in portable containers
Persons trained in CPR
16.6 Medical Treatment/First Aid
In emergencies, toxic exposures and hazardous situations that cause injuries and illness
will vary from site to site. Medical treatment may range from bandaging of minor cuts
and abrasions to life - saving techniques. In many cases, essential medical help may not
be immediately available. For this reason, it is vital to train onsite emergency personnel
in on-the-spot treatment techniques, to establish and maintain telephone contact with
medical experts (e.g., toxicologists), and to establish liaisons with local hospitals and
ambulance services. When designing this program, these essential points should be
included:
Train personnel in emergency treatment such as first aid and CPR. Training should be
thorough, frequently repeated, and geared to site-specific hazards.
Establish liaison with local medical personnel, for example: 24-hour-on-call
physician, medical service, and poison control center. Inform and educate these
personnel about site-specific hazards so that they can be optimally helpful if an
emergency occurs. Develop procedures for contacting them; familiarize all on-site
emergency personnel with these procedures.
Set up onsite emergency first-aid stations; see that they are well supplied and
restocked immediately after each emergency.
65
16.7 Emergency Response Procedures Response operations usually follow a sequence that starts with the notification of trouble
and continue through the preparation of equipment and personnel for the next emergency.
Notification
Alert personnel to the emergency. Sound a site alarm to:
Notify personnel.
Stop work activities if necessary.
Lower background noise in order to speed communication.
Begin emergency procedures.
Notify on-site emergency response personnel about the emergency and include
essential information.
* What happened?
* Where it happened?
* Whom it happened to?
* When it happened?
* How it happened?
* The extent of damage.
* What aid is needed?
Size – Up
Available information about the incident and emergency response capabilities should be
evaluated. The following information should be determined, to the extent possible:
What happened?
Type of incident.
Cause of incident.
Extent of chemical release and transport.
Extent of damage to structures, equipment, and terrain.
Casualties: 1. Victims (number, location, and condition).
2. Treatment required.
3. Missing personnel.
What could happen? Consider: 1. Type of chemicals on site.
2. Potential for fire, explosion, and release of hazardous substances.
3. Location of all personnel on site relative to hazardous areas.
4. Potential for danger to offsite population or environment.
66
What can be done? Consider:
1. Equipment and personnel resources needed for victim rescue and hazard mitigation.
2. Number of uninjured personnel available for response.
3. Resources available on site.
4. Resources available from outside groups and agencies.
5. Time for outside resources to reach the site.
6. Hazards involved in rescue and response.
Rescue/Response Procedures
Based on the available information, the type of action required should be decided and the
necessary steps implemented. Some actions may be done concurrently. No one should
attempt emergency response or rescue until backup personnel and evacuation routes have
been identified. Rescue/response actions may include.
Enforce the buddy system:
Allow no one to enter an Exclusion Zone or hazardous area without a partner. At all
times, personnel in the Exclusion Zone should be in line-of-site or communication
contact with the Command Post Supervisor or designee.
Survey casualties:
Locate all victims and assess their condition. Determine resources needed for
stabilization and transport.
Assess existing and potential hazards to site personnel and to the offsite population.
Determine:
1. Whether and how to respond.
2. The need for evacuation of site personnel and offsite population.
3. Resources needed for evacuation and response.
Allocate resources: Allocate onsite personnel and equipment to rescue and incident
response operations.
Request aid: Contact the required offsite personnel or facilities, such as the ambulance,
fire department, and police.
Control: Bring the hazardous situation under complete temporary control; use measures
to prevent the spread of the emergency.
Extricate: Remove or assist victims from the area.
Decontaminate. Use established procedures to decontaminate uninjured personnel in the
Contamination Reduction Zone. If the emergency makes this area unsafe, establish a new
decontamination area at an appropriate distance. Decontaminate victims before or after
stabilization as their medical condition indicates.
67
Stabilize. Administer any medical procedures that are necessary before the victims can
be moved. Stabilize or permanently fix the hazardous condition (e.g., repack, empty filled
runoff dikes). Attend to what caused the emergency and anything (e.g., drums, tanks)
damaged or endangered by the emergency.
Transport: Take measures to minimize chemical contamination of the transport vehicle
and ambulance and hospital personnel. Adequately protected rescuers should
decontaminate the victims before transport. If this is not possible, cover the victims with
adequate sheeting. Before transportation, determine the level of protection necessary for
transport personnel. Provide them with disposable coveralls, disposable gloves, and
supplied air, as necessary, for their protection. If appropriate, have response personnel
accompany victims to the medical facility to advise on decontamination.
Evacuate:
Move site personnel to a safe distance upwind of the incident. Monitor the incident for
significant changes. The hazards may diminish, permitting personnel to reenter the site,
or increase and require public evacuation. Inform public safety personnel when there is a
potential or actual need to evacuate the offsite personnel. Do not attempt a large-scale
public evacuation. This is the responsibility of government authorities.
Follow – Up
Before normal site activities are resumed, personnel must be fully prepared and equipped
to handle another emergency.
Notify appropriate government agencies as required. For example, OSHA must
be notified if there have been any fatalities or five or more hospitalizations in an
industrial situation.
Restock all equipment and supplies. Replace or repair damaged equipment. Clean
and refuel equipment for future use.
Review and revise all aspects of the Contingency Plan according to new site
conditions and lessons learned from the emergency response. When reviewing
the information, consider typical questions such as:
Cause: What caused the emergency?
Prevention: Was it preventable? If so, how?
Procedures: Were inadequate or incorrect orders given or actions taken? Were these the
result of bad judgment, wrong or insufficient information, or poor procedures? Can
procedures or training be improved?
Site profile: How does the incident affect the site profile? How are other site cleanup
activities affected?
Community: How is the community safety affected?
Liability: Who is liable for damage payments?
68
16.8 Documentation
The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department should initiate the
investigation and documentation of the incident. This is important in all cases, but
especially so when the incident has resulted in personal injury, onsite property damage,
or damage to the surrounding environment. Documentation may be used to help avert
recurrences, as evidence in future legal action, for assessment of liability by insurance
companies, and for review by government agencies. Methods of documenting can
include a written transcript taken from tape recordings made during the emergency or a
bound field book (not a loose-leaf notebook) with notes. The document must be:
Accurate: All information must be recorded objectively.
Authentic: A chain-of-custody procedure should be used. Each person making an
entry must date and sign the document. Keep the number of documentaries to a
minimum (to avoid confusion and because they may have to give testimony at
hearings or in court). Nothing should be erased. If details change or revisions are
needed, the person making the notation should mark a horizontal line through the
old material and initial the change.
Complete: At a minimum, the following should be included:
Chronological history of the incident.
Facts about the incident and when they became available.
Title and names of personnel; composition of teams.
Actions: Decisions made and by whom, orders given; to whom, by whom, and
when; and actions taken: who did what, when, where and how.
Types of samples and test results; air monitoring results.
Possible exposures of site personnel.
History of all injuries or illnesses during or as a result of the emergen
69
Appendix A
EMPLOYEE TRAINING ROSTER
Hazardous Waste Training
Stephen F. Austin State University
Department/Work Area: ____________________________________________________
Instructor: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________
Employee Name (Print) Employee Signature Job Title
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
All Hazardous Waste Training shall be documented on the Hazardous Waste Training
Roster, which shall be forwarded to the Environmental Health Safety and Risk
Management Department (Box 6113) after every training session.
70
APPENDIX B
Environmental Protection Agency’s P List (Acutely Hazardous Chemicals)
CAS Number Chemical Name
107-20-0 Acetaldehyde, chloro-
591-08-2 Acetamide, N-(aminothioxomethyl)-
640-19-7 Acetamide, 2-fluoro-
62-74-8 Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt
591-08-2 1-Acetyl-2-thiourea
107-02-8 Acrolein
116-06-3 Aldicarb
309-00-2 Aldrin
107-18-6 Allyl alcohol
20859-73-8 Aluminum phosphide
2763-96-4 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol
504-24-5 4-Aminopyridine
131-74-8 Ammonium picrate
7803-55-6 Ammonium vanadate
506-61-6 Argentate (1-), bis(cyano-C)-, potassium
7778-39-4 Arsenic acid
1327-53-3 Arsenic oxide
1303-28-2 Arsenic pentoxide
1327-53-3 Arsenic trioxide
692-42-2 Arsine, diethyl-
696-28-6 Arsonous dichloride, phenyl-
151-56-4 Aziridine
75-55-8 Aziridine, 2-methyl-
542-62-1 Barium cyanide
106-47-8 Benzeneamine, 4-chloro-
100-01-6 Beneneamine, 4-nitro-
100-44-7 Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
51-43-4 1, 2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-
12-09-8 Benzeneethanamine, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-
108-98-5 Benzenethiol
81-81-2 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-, and
salts
100-44-7 Benzyl chloride
7440-41-7 Beryllium powder
598-31-2 Bromoacetone
71
357-57-3 Brucine
39196-18-4 2-Butanone, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-(methylthio)-O-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime
592-01-8 Calcium cyanide
75-15-1 Carbon disulfide
75-44-5 Carbonic dichloride
107-20-0 Chloroacetaldehyde
106-47-8 p-Chloroaniline
5344-82-1 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea
542-76-7 3-Chloropropionitrile
544-92-3 Copper cyanide
Cyanide salts (soluble)
460-19-5 Cyanogen
506-77-4 Cyanogen chloride
131-89-5 2-Cyclohexyl-4, 6-dinitrophenol
542-88-1 Dichloromethyl ether
696-28-6 Dichlorophenylarsine
60-57-1 Dieldrin
692-42-2 Diethylarsine
311-45-5 Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
297-97-2 O, O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate
55-91-4 Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)
309-00-2 1, 4, 5, 8-Dimethanonaphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexa- chloro-1, 4,
4a, 5, 8, 8a, -hexahydro-, (1alpha, 4alpha, 4abeta, 5alpha, 8alpha,
8abeta)-
465-73-6 1, 4, 5, 8-Dimethanonaphtahalen, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10, hexa- chloro-1, 4,
4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydro-, (1alpha, 4alpha, 4abeta, 5beta, 8beta,
8abeta)-
60-57-1 2, 7:3, 6-Dimethanonaphth[2, 3-b]oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9-hexa-
chloro- 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a-octahydro-, (1aalpha, 2beta, 2aalpha,
3beta, 6beta, 6aalpha, 7beta, 7aalpha)-
72-20-8 2, 7:3, 6-Dimethanonaphth[2, 3-b]oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9-hexachloro-
1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a-octahydro-, (1aalpha, 2beta, 2abeta, 3alpha,
6alpha, 6abeta, 7beta, 7aalpha)- and metabolites
60-51-5 Dimethoate
122-09-8 alpha, alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine
534-52-1 4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts
51-28-5 2, 4-Dinitrophenol
88-85-7 Dinoseb
152-16-9 Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
107-49-3 Diphosphoric acid, tetratethyl ester
72
298-04-4 Disulfoton
541-53-7 Dithiobiuret
115-29-7 Endosulfan
145-73-3 Endothall
72-20-8 Endrin and metabolites
51-43-4 Epinephrine
460-19-5 Ethanedinitrile
16752-77-5 Ethanimidothioic acid, N[[(methylamino)carbonyl] oxy]-, methyl
ester
107-12-0 Ethyl cyanide
151-56-4 Ethyleneimine
52-85-7 Famphur
7782-41-4 Fluorine
640-19-7 Fluoroacetamide
62-74-8 Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
628-86-4 Fulminic acid, mercury(2+) salt
76-44-8 Heptachlor
757-58-4 Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
79-19-6 Hydrazinecarbothioamide
60-34-4 Hydrazine, methyl-
74-90-8 Hydrocyanic acid
74-90-8 Hydrogen cyanide
7803-51-2 Hydrogen phosphide
465-73-6 Isodrin
2763-96-4 3(2H)-Isoxazolone, 5-(aminomethyl)-
62-38-4 Mercury, (aceto-O)phenyl-
628-86-4 Mercury fulminate
62-75-9 Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
624-83-9 Methane, isocyanato-
542-88-1 Methane, oxybis(chloro-
509-14-8 Methane, tetranitro-
75-70-7 Methanethiol, trichloro-
115-29-7 6, 9-Methano-2, 4, 3-benzodioxathiepin, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10-hexacloro-
1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide
76-44-8 4, 7-Methano-1H-indene, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-heptachloro-3a, 4, 7, 7a-
tetrahydro-
16752-77-5 Methomyl
60-34-4 Methyl hydrazine
624-83-9 Methyl isocyanate
75-86-5 2-Methyllactonitrile
73
298-00-0 Methyl parathion
86-88-4 alpha-Naphthylthiourea
13463-39-3 Nickel carbonyl
557-19-7 Nickel cyanide
54-11-5 Nicotine and salts
10102-43-9 Nitric oxide
100-01-6 p-Nitroaniline
10102-44-0 Nitrogen dioxide
10102-43-9 Nitrogen oxide
55-63-0 Nitroglycerine
62-75-9 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
4549-40-0 N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
152-16-9 Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
20816-12-0 Osmium oxide
20816-12-0 Osmium tetroxide
145-73-3 7-Oxabicyclo(2, 2, 1)heptane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid
56-38-2 Parathion
131-89-5 Phenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4, 6-dinitro-
51-28-5 Phenol, 2, 4-dinitro-
534-52-1 Phenol, 2-methyl-4, 6-dintro-, and salts
88-85-7 Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4, 6-dinitro-
131-74-8 Phenol, 2, 4, 6-trinitro-, ammonium salt
62-38-4 Phenylmercury acetate
103-85-5 Phenylthiourea
298-02-2 Phorate
75-44-5 Phosgene
7803-51-2 Phosphine
311-45-5 Phosphoric acid, diethyl 4-nitrophenyl ester
298-04-4 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] ester
298-02-2 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)methyl] ester
60-51-5 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-
oxoethyl]ester
55-91-4 Phosphorofluoridic acid, bis(1-methylethyl) ester
56-38-2 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
297-97-2 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl O-pyrazinyl ester
52-85-7 Phosphorothioic acid, O-[4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl] O, O-
dimethyl ester
298-00-0 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O, -dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
78-00-2 Plumbane, tetraethyl-
151-50-8 Potassium cyanide
74
506-61-6 Potassium silver cyanide
116-06-3 Propanal, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]
oxime
107-12-0 Propanenitrile
542-76-7 Propanenitrile, 3-chloro
75-86-5 Propanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl
55-63-0 1, 2, 3-Propanetriol, trinitrate
598-31-2 2, Propanone, 1-bromo
107-19-7 Propargyl alcohol
107-02-8 2-Propenal
107-18-6 2-Propen-1-ol
75-55-8 1, 2-Propylenimine
107-19-7 2-Propyn-1-ol
504-24-5 4-Pyridinamine
54-11-5 Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)- and salts
12039-52-0 Selenious acid, dithallium (1+) salt
630-10-4 Selenourea
506-64-9 Silver cyanide
26628-22-8 Sodium azide
143-33-9 Sodium cyanide
57-24-9 Strychnidin-10-one, and salts
357-57-3 Strychnidin-10-one, 2, 3-dimethoxy-
57-24-9 Strychnine, and salts
7446-18-6 Sulfuric acid, dithallium (1+) salt
3689-24-5 Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
78-00-2 Tetraethyl lead
107-49-3 Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
509-14-8 Tetranitromethane
757-58-4 Tetraphosphoric acid, hexaethyl ester
1314-32-5 Thallic oxide
12039-52-0 Thallium(I) selenite
7446-18-6 Thallium(I) sulfate
3689-24-5 Thiodiphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester
39196-18-4 Thiofanox
541-53-7 Thioimidodicarbonic diamide
108-98-5 Thiophenol
79-19-6 Thiosemicarbazide
5344-82-1 Thiourea, (2-chlorphenyl)-
86-88-4 Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl-
103-85-5 Thiourea, phenyl-
75
8001-35-2 Toxaphene
75-70-7 Trichloromethanethiol
7803-55-6 Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
1314-62-1 Vandium oxide
1314-62-1 Vanadium pentoxide
4549-40-0 Vinylamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
81-81-2 Warfarin, and salts, greater than 0.3%
557-21-1 Zinc cyanide
1314-84-7 Zinc phosphide
76
APPENDIX C
Environmental Protection Agency’s U List
The primary hazardous properties of these materials have been indicated by the letter T
(Toxicity), R (Reactivity), I (Ignitability) and C (Corrosivity). Absence of the letter
indicates that the compound is only listed for toxicity. Chemicals in bold are commonly
found in laboratories.
CAS Number Chemical Name
30558-43-1 A2213
75-07-0 Acetaldehyde (I)
75-87-6 Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
62-44-2 Acetamide, N(4-ethoxyphenyl)-
53-96-3 Acetamide, N9Hfluoren2yl-
94-75-7 Acetic acid, (2, 4dichlorophenoxy), salts and esters
141-78-6 Acetic acid, ethyl ester (1)
301-04-2 Acetic acid, lead (2) salt
563-68-8 Acetic acid, thallium (1) salt
93-76-5 Acetic acid. (2, 4, 5trichlorophenoxy)
67-64-1 Acetone (I)
75-05-8 Acetonitrile (I, T)
98-86-2 Acetophenone
53-96-3 2Acetylaminofluorene
75-36-5 Acetyl chloride (C, R, T)
79-06-1 Acrylamide
79-10-7 Acrylic acid (I)
107-13-1 Acrylonitrile
61-82-5 Amitrole
62-53-3 Aniline (I, T)
75-60-5 Arsinic acid, dimethyl-
492-80-8 Auramine
115-02-6 Azaserine
2212-67-1 HAzepine 1carbothioic acid, hexchydro, S-ethylester.
50-07-7 Azirino(2', 3':3, 4)pyrrolo[1, 2a] indole4, 7dione,
6amino8{[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl}1, 1a, 2, 8, 8a,
8bhexahydro8amethoxy5methyl, [laS( laalpha, 8beta, 8aalpha,
8balpha)]-
101-27-9 Barban
22781-23-3 Bendiocarb
22961-82-6 Bendiocarb phenol
17804-35-2 Benomyl
77
56-49-5 Benz(j)aceanthrylene, 1 2dihydro3methyl-
225-51-4 Benz(c)acridine
98-87-3 Benzal chloride
23950-58-5 Benzamide, 3, 5dichloro-N(l, ldimethyl2propynyl)-
56-55-3 Benz(a)anthracene
57-97-6 Benz(a)anthracene, 7, 12dimethyl-
62-53-3 Benzenamine (I, T)
492-80-8 Benzenamine, 4, 4'carbonimidoylbis(N, Ndimethyl-
3165-93-3 Benzenamine, 4chloro2methyl, hydrochloride
60-11-7 Benzenamine, NNdimethyl4(phenylazo)-
95-53-4 Benzenamine, 2methyl-
106-49-0 Benzenamine, 4methyl-
101-14-4 Benzenamine 4, 4'methylene-bis(2chloro-
636-21-5 Benzenamine 2methyl, hydrochloride
99-55-8 Benzenamine, 2methyl5nitro
71-43-2 Benzene (I, T)
510-15-6 Benzeneacetic acid, 4chloro-alpha(4chlorophenyl)-alphahydroxy,
ethyl ester
101-55-3 Benzene, 1bromo4phenoxy
305-03-3 Benzenebutanoic acid, 4(bis(2chloroethyl)amino)
108-90-7 Benzene, chloro
25376-45-8 Benzenediamine, armethyl
117-81-7 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2ethylhexyl)ester
84-74-2 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
84-66-2 1 2, Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester
131-11-3 1, 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester
117-84-0 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
95-50-1 Benzene, 12dichloro
541-73-1 Benzene, 1, 3dichloro
106-46-7 Benzene, 1, 4dichloro
72-54-8 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2dichloroethylidene)bis(4chloro
98-87-3 Benzene, (dichloromethyl)
26471-62-5 Benzene 1, 3diisocyanatomethyl(R, T)
1330-20-7 Benzene, dimethyl(l, T)
108-46-3 1, 3Benzenediol
118-74-1 Benzene, hexachloro-
110-82-7 Benzene, hexahydro (I)
108-88-3 Benzene, methyl-
121-14-2 Benzene, lmethyl2, 4dintro-
606-20-2 Benzene, 2methyl1, 3dinitro-
78
98-82-8 Benzene, (lmethylethyl) (I)
98-95-3 Benzene, nitro-
608-93-5 Benzene, pentachloro-
82-68-8 Benzene, pentachloronitro-
98-09-9 Benzenesuffonic acid chloride (C, R)
98-09-9 Benzenesulfonyl Chloride (C, R)
95-94-3 Benzene, 1, 2, 4, 5tetrachloro-
50-29-3 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2, 2trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro-
72-43-5 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2, 2trichloroethylidene)bis (4methoxy-
98-07-7 Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-
99-35-4 Benzene, 1, 3, 5trinitro- (R, T)
92-87-5 Benzidine
181-07-2 1, 2Benzisothiazol3(2H)one, 1, 1dioxide and salts
94-59-7 1, 3Benzadioxole, 5(2propenyl)-
120-58-1 1, 3Benzodioxole, 5(1propenyl)-
94-58-6 1, 3Benzodioxole, 5propyl-
22781-23-3 1, 3 Benzodioxol4 ol, 2, 2dimethyl, methyl carbamate
22961-82-6 1, 3 Benzodioxol4 ol, 2, 2dimethyl,
1563-38-8 7Benzofuranol, 2, 3dihydro2, 2dimethyl
189-55-9 Benzo(rst)pentaphene
181-81-2 2H1Benzopyran2one, 4-hydroxy3(3oxo-1pheny-butyl), and salts,
when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less
50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene
106-51-4 pBenzoquinone
98-07-7 Benzotrichloride (C, R, T)
1464-53-5 2, 2'Bioxirane
92-87-5 (1, 1 'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine
91-94-1 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dichloro-
119-90-4 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dimethoxy-
119-93-7 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dimethyl
75-25-2 Bromoform
101-55-3 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
87-68-3 1, 3Butadiene, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4hexacloro-
924-16-3 1Butanamine, Nbutyl-Nnitroso-
71-36-3 1Butanol (I)
78-93-3 2Butanone (I, T)
1338-23-4 2Butanone, peroxide (R, T)
4170-30-3 2Butenal
764-41-0 2Butene, 1, 4dichloro- (I, T)
303-34-4 2Butenoic acid, 2methyl, 7[(2,
79
3dihydroxy2(1methoxyethyl)3methyl1oxobutoxy) methyl]2, 3, 5,
7atetrahydro1pyrrolizinlyl ester, (lS(lalpha(Z), 7(2S*, 3R*), 7aalpha
71-36-3 nButyl alcohol (I)
2008-41-5 Butylate
75-60-5 Cacodylic acid
13765-19-0 Calcium chromate
51-79-6 Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
615-53-2 Carbamic acid, methylnitroso, ethyl ester
10605-21-7 Carbamic acid, 1 Hbenzimidazol2yl, methyl ester
17804-35-2 Carbamic acid, (l[(butylamino)carbonyl)]Hbenzimidazol2yl), methyl
ester
55406-53-6 Carbamic acid, butyl, 3iodo2propynyl ester
101-27-9 Carbamic acid, (3chlorophenyl), 4chloro2butynyl ester
122-42-9 Carbamic acid, phenyl, 1methylethyl ester
23564-05-8 Carbamic acid, [1, 2phenylenebis (iminocarbonothioyl) bis, dimethyl
ester
79-44-7 Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
136-30-1 Carbamodithioic acid, dibutyl, sodium salt
95-06-7 Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl, 2chloro2propenyl ester
148-18-5 Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl, sodium salt
128-03-0 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, potassium salt
128-04-1 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, sodium salt
144-34-3 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, tetraanhydrosulfide with
orthothioselenious acid
1111-54-6 Carbamodithioic acid, 1, 2ethanediylbis, salts and esters
51026-28-9 Carbamodithioic acid, (hydroxymethyl)methyl, monopotassium salt
137-42-8 Carbamodithioic acid, methyl, monosodium salt
137-41-7 Carbamodithioic acid, methyl, monopotassium salt
2303-16-4 Carbamothioic acid, bis(lmethylethyl), S(2, 3dichloro2propenyl) ester
2303-17-5 Carbamothioic acid. bis(lmethylethyl), S(2, 3, 3trichloro2-propenyl)
ester
2008-41-5 Carbamothioic acid bis(2methylpropyl), S-ethyl ester
1114-71-2 Carbamothioic acid, butylethyl, Spropyl ester
1134-23-2 Carbamothiolc acid, cyclohexylethy, Sethyl ester
759-94-4 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, Sethyl ester
52888-80-9 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, S(phenylmethyl) ester
1929-77-7 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, Spropyl ester
63-25-2 Carbaryl
10605-21-7 Carbendazim
1563-38-8 Carbofuran phenol
6533-73-9 Carbonic acid, dithallium (1+) salt
80
353-50-4 Carbonic difluoride
79-22-1 Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester (I.T)
353-50-4 Carbon oxyfluoride (R, T)
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
75-87-6 Chloral
305-03-3 Chlorambucil
57-74-9 Chlordane, alpha and gamma isomers
494-03-1 Chlornaphazin
108-90-7 Chlorobenzene
510-15-6 Chlorobenzilate
59-50-7 pChloromcresol
110-75-8 2Chloroethyl vinyl ether
67-66-3 Chloroform
107-30-2 Chloromethyl methyl ether
91-58-7 betaChloronaphthalene
95-57-8 oChlorophenol
3165-93-3 4Chloroo-toluidine, hydrochloride
13765-19-0 Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium salt
218-01-9 Chrysene
137-29-1 Copper, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')-
137-29-1 Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate
Creosote
1319-77-3 Cresols (Cresylic acid)
4170-30-3 Crotonaldehyde
98-82-8 Cumene (I)
506-68-3 Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br
1134-23-2 Cycloate
106-51-4 2, 5Cyclohexadiene1, 4dione
110-82-7 Cyclohexane (I)
58-89-9 Cyclohexane, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6hexachloro(1alpha, 2alpha, 3beta, 4alpha,
5alpha, 6beta)-
108-94-1 Cyclohexanone (I)
77-47-4 1, 3Cyclopentadiene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5hexachloro-
50-18-0 Cyclophosphamide
194-75-7 2, 4D, salts and esters
533-74-4 Dazomet
20830-81-3 Daunomycin
72-54-8 DDD
50-29-3 DDT
2303-16-4 Diallate
81
53-70-3 Dibenz(a.h)anthracene
189-55-9 Dibenzo(a, i)pyrene
96-12-8 1, 2Dibromo3chloropropane
84-74-2 Dibutyl phthalate
95-50-1 oDichlorobenzene
541-73-1 mDichlorobenzene
106-46-7 pDichlorobenzene
91-94-1 3, 3'Dichlorobenzidine
764-41-0 1, 4Dichloro2butene (I, T)
75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane
75-35-4 1, 1Dichloroethylene
156-60-5 1, 2Dichloroethylene
111-44-1 Dichloroethyl ether
108-60-1 Dichloroisopropyl ether
111-91-1 Dichloromethoxy ethane
120-83-2 2, 4-Dichlorophenol
87-65-0 2, 6Dichlorophenol
78-87-5 1, 2Dichloropropane
542-75-6 1, 3Dichloropropene
1464-53-5 1, 2:3, 4Diepoxybutane (I, T)
123-91-1 1, 4Diethyleneoxide
5952-26-1 Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate
117-81-7 Diethylhexyl phthalate
1615-80-1 N, N'Diethylhydrazine
3288-58-2 O, ODiethyl Smethyl dithiophosphate
84-66-2 Diethyl phthalate
56-53-1 Diethylstilbesterol
94-58-6 Dihydrosafrole
119-90-4 3, 3'Dimethoxybenzidine
124-40-3 Dimethylamine (I)
60-11-7 pDimethylaminoazobenzene
57-97-6 7, 12Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene
119-93-7 3, 3'Dimethylbenzidine
80-15-9 alpha, alphaDimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide (R)
79-44-7 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
540-73-8 1, 1Dimethylhydrazine
540-73-8 1, 2Dimethylhydrazine
105-67-9 2, 4Dimethylphenol
131-11-3 Dimethyl phthalate
77-78-1 Dlmethyl sulfate
82
121-14-2 2, 4Dinitrotoluene
606-20-2 2, 6Dinitrotoluene
117-84-0 Dinoctyl phthalate
123-91-1 1, 4Dioxane
122-66-7 1, 2Diphenylhydrazine
142-84-7 Dipropylamine (I)
97-77-8 Disulfiram
621-64-7 Dinpropylnitrosamine
106-89-8 Epichlorohydrin
759-94-4 EPTC
75-07-0 Ethanal (I)
55-18-5 Ethanamine, Nethyl-Nnitroso-
101-44-8 Ethanamine, N, Ndiethyl-
91-80-5 1, 2Ethanediamine, N, NdimethylN'2pyridinylN'(2thienylmethyl)
106-93-4 Ethane, 1, 2dibromo-
75-34-3 Ethane, 1, 1dichloro-
107-06-2 Ethane, 1, 2dichloro-
67-72-1 Ethane, hexachloro-
111-91-1 Ethane, 1, 1'(methylenebis(oxy))bis(2chloro-
60-29-7 Ethane, 1, 1'oxybis (I)
111-44-4 Ethane, 1, 1'oxybis(2chloro-
76-01-7 Ethane, pentachloro-
630-20-6 Ethane, 1, 1, 1, 2tetrachloro-
79-34-5 Ethane, 1, 1, 2, 2tetrachloro-
62-55-5 Ethanethioamide
71-55-6 Ethane, 1, 1, 1trichloro-
79-00-5 Ethane, 1, 1, 2trichloro-
59669-26-0 Ethanimidothioic acid, N, N'(thiobis((methylimino)carbonyloxy)) bis,
dimethyl ester
30558-43-1 Ethanimidothioic acid, 2(dimethylamino)Nhydroxy2oxo, methyl
ester
110-80-5 Ethanol, 2ethoxy-
1116-54-7 Ethanol, 2, 2'(nitrosoimino)bis
5952-26-1 Ethanol, 2, 2'oxybis, dicarbamate
98-86-2 Ethanone, 1phenyl-
75-01-4 Ethene, chloro-
110-75-8 Ethene, (2chloroethoxy)-
75-35-4 Ethene, 1, 1dichloro-
156-60-5 Ethene, 1, 2dichloro, (E)
127-18-4 Ethene, tetrachloro-
83
79-01-6 Ethene, trichloro-
141-78-6 Ethyl acetate (I)
140-88-5 Ethyl acrylate (I)
51-79-6 Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
60-29-7 Ethyl ether (I)
14324-55-1 Ethyl Ziram
111-54-6 Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters
106-93-4 Ethylene dibromide
107-06-2 Ethylene dichloride
110-80-5 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
75-21-8 Ethylene oxide (I, T)
96-45-7 Ethylenethiourea
75-34-3 Ethylidene dichloride
97-63-2 Ethyl methacrylate
62-50-0 Ethyl methanesulfonate
14484-64-1 Ferbam
206-44-0 Fluoranthene
50-00-0 Formaldehyde
64-18-6 Formic acid (C, T)
110-00-9 Furan (I)
98-01-1 2Furancarboxaldehyde (I)
108-31-6 2, 5Furandione
109-99-9 Furan, tetrahydro (I)
98-01-1 Furfural (I)
110-00-9 Furfuran (I)
18883-66-4 Glucopyranose, 2deoxy2(3methyl3nitrosoureido)D-
18883-66-4 DGlucose 2deoxy2(((methylnitrosoamino)-carbonyl)amino)-
765-34-4 Glycidylaldehyde
70-25-7 Guanidine, NmethylN'-nitroNnitroso-
118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene
87-68-3 Hexachlorobutadiene
77-47-4 Hexachlorocylopentadiene
67-72-1 Hexachloroethane
70-30-4 Hexachlorphene
1888-71-7 Hexachloropropene
302-01-2 Hydrazine (R, T)
1615-80-1 Hydrazine, 1, 2diethyl
57-14-7 Hydrazine, 1, 1dimethy
540-73-8 Hydrazine, 1, 2dimethyl
122-66-7 Hydrazine, 1, 2diphenyl
84
7664-39-3 Hydrofluoric acid (C, T)
7664-39-3 Hydrogen fluoride (C, T)
7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide
7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide H2S
80-15-9 Hydroperoxide, 1methyl-1phenylethyl (R)
96-45-7 2lmidazolidinethione
193-39-5 Indeno(1 2, 3cd)pyrene
55406-53-6 3lodo2propynyl nbutylcarbamate
14484-64-1 Iron, tris (dimethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')-
85-44-9 1, 3lsobenzofurandione
78-83-1 Isobutyl alcohol (I, T)
120-58-1 Isosafrole
143-50-0 Kepone
303-34-4 Lasiocarpine
301-04-2 Lead acetate
1335-32-6 Lead, bis(acetatoO)tetrahydroxytri-
7446-27-7 Lead phosphate
1335-32-6 Lead subacetate
58-89-9 Lindane
70-25-7 MNNG
108-31-6 Maleic anhydride
123-33-1 Maleic hydrazide
109-77-3 Malononitrile
148-82-3 Melphalan
7439-97-6 Mercury
137-42-8 Metam Sodium
126-98-7 Methacrylonitrile (I, T)
124-40-3 Methanamine, Nmethyl- (I)
74-83-9 Methane, bromo-
74-87-3 Methane, chloro (I, T)
107-30-2 Methane, chloromethoxy-
74-95-3 Methane, dibromo
75-09-2 Methane, dichloro
75-71-8 Methane, dichlorodifluoro-
74-88-4 Methane, iodo-
62-50-0 Methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester
56-23-5 Methane, tetrachloro-
74-93-1 Methanethiol (I, T)
75-25-2 Methane, tribromo
67-66-3 Methane, trichloro-
85
75-69-4 Methane, trichlorofluoro-
57-74-9 4, 7Methano1 Hindene, 1 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8octachloro2, 3, 3a, 4, 7,
7ahexahydro-
67-56-1 Methanol (I)
91-80-5 Methapyrilene
143-50-0 1, 3, 4Metheno2Hcyclobuta(cd)pentalen2one, 1, 1a, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 5, 5a,
5b, 6decachlorooctahydro-
72-43-5 Methoxychlor
67-56-1 Methyl alcohol (I)
74-83-9 Methyl bromide
504-60-9 1Methylbutadiene (I)
74-87-3 Methyl chloride (I, T)
79-22-1 Methylchlorocarbonate (I, T)
71-55-6 Methyl chloroform
56-49-5 3Methylcholanthrene
101-14-4 4, 4'Methylenebis(2chloroaniline)
74-95-3 Methylene bromide
75-09-2 Methylene chloride
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (I, T)
7338-23-4 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (R, T)
74-88-4 Methyl iodide
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone (1)
80-62-6 Methyl methacrylate (I, T)
108-10-1 4-Methyl2pentanone (1)
56-04-2 Methylthiouracil
50-07-7 Mitomycin C
2212-67-1 Molinate
20830-81-3 5, 12Naphthacenedione, 8acetyl10((3amino2, 3, 6trideoxy)-
alphaLlyxohexopyranosyl) oxy)7, 8, 9, 10tetrahydro6, 8,
11trihydroxy-1methoxy, (8Scis)-
134-32-7 1 Naphthalenamine
97-59-8 2Naphthalenamine
494-03-1 Naphthalenamine, N, N'-bis(2chloroethyl)-
91-20-3 Naphthalene
91-58-7 Naphthalene, 2chloro-
130-15-4 1, 4Naphthalenedione
72-57-1 2, 7Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3, 3'((3, 3'dimethyl((1, 1'biphenyl)4,
4'diyl))bis(azo)bi s(5amino4hydroxy), tetrasodium salt
63-25-2 1Naphthalenol, methylcarbamate
130-15-4 1, 4Naphthoquinone
134-32-7 alphaNaphthylamine
86
91-59-8 betaNaphthylamine
10102-45-1 Nitric acid, thallium (1+) saH
98-95-3 Nitrobenzene (I, T)
100-02-7 p-Nitrophenol
79-46-9 2Nitropropane (I, T)
924-16-3 NNitrosodinbutylamine
1116-54-7 NNitrosodiethanolamine
55-18-5 NNitrosodiethylamine
759-73-9 NNitrosoNethylurea
684-93-5 NNitrosoNmethylurea
615-53-2 NNitrosoNmethylurethane
100-75-4 NNitrosopiperidine
930-55-2 NNitrosopyrrolidine
99-55-8 5Nitrootoluidine
1120-71 -4 1, 2Oxathiolane, 2, 2dioxide
50-18-0 2H1, 3, 2Oxazaphosphorin2amine, N, N-bis(2chloroethyl)tetrahydro,
2oxide
75-21-8 Oxirane (I, T)
765-34-4 Oxiranecarboxyaldehyde
106-89-8 Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
123-63-7 Paraldehyde
1114-71-2 Pebulate
608-93-5 Pentachlorobenzene
76-01-7 Pentachloroethane
82-68-8 Pentachloronitrobenzene( PCNB)
87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol
108-10-1 Pentanol, 4methyl-
504-60-9 1, 3Pentadiene (I)
62-44-2 Phenacetin
108-95-2 Phenol
95-57-8 Phenol, 2chloro-
59-50-7 Phenol, 4chloro3methyl-
120-83-2 Phenol, 2, 4dichloro
87-65-0 Phenol, 2, 6dichloro
56-53-1 Phenol, 4, 4'(1, 2diethyl1, 2ethenediyl)bis, (E)
105-67-9 Phenol, 2, 4-dimethyl-
1319-77-3 Phenol, methyl-
70-30-4 Phenol, 2, 2'methylenebis(3, 4, 6trichloro-
114-26-1 Phenol, 2(1methylethoxy), methylcarbamate
100-02-7 Phenol, 4nitro
87
87-86-5 Phenol, pentachloro
58-90-2 Phenol, 2, 3, 4, 6tetrachloro-
95-95-4 Phenol, 2, 4, 5trichloro
88-06-2 Phenol, 2, 4, 6trichloro
148-82-3 LPhenylalanine, 4-(bis(2chloroethyl)amino)
7446-27-7 Phosphoric acid, lead(2) salt (2:3)
3288-58-2 Phophorodithioic acid, O, Odiethyl, Smethyl, ester
108-95-2 Phosphorous sulfide (R)
85-44-9 Phthalic anhydride
109-06-8 2-Picoline
100-75-4 Piperidine, 1nitroso
120-54-7 Piperidine, 1, 1'(tetrathiodicarbonothioyl)bis
128-03-0 Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate
51026-28-9 Potassium nhydroxymethylnmethyldithiocarbamate
137-41-7 Potassium nmethyldithiocarbamate
23950-58-5 Pronamide
107-10-8 1Propanamine (I, T)
621-64-7 1Propanamine, NnitrosoNpropyl
142-84-7 1Propanamine, Npropyl (I)
78-87-5 Propane, 1, 2dichloro-
109-77-3 Propanedinitrile
79-46-9 Propane, 2nitro (I, T)
108-60-1 Propane, 2, 2'oxybis(2chloro-
1120-71-4 1, 3Propane sultone
93-72-1 Propanoic acid, 2(2, 4, 5trichlorophenoxy)-
126-72-7 1Propanol, 2, 3dibromo, phosphate (3: 1)
78-83-1 1Propanol, 2methyl- (I, T)
67-64-1 2Propanone (I)
79-06-1 2Propenamide
96-12-8 Propane, 1, 2dibromo3chloro-
542-75-6 1Propane, 1, 3dichloro-
1888-71-7 1Propene, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-hexachloro-
107-13-1 2Propenenitrile
126-98-7 2Propenenitrile, 2methyl-(1, T)
79-10-7 2Propenoic acid (I)
140-88-5 2Propenoic acid, ethyl ester (I)
97-63-2 2Propenoic acid, 2methyl, ethyl ester
80-62-6 2Propenolc acid, 2methyl, methyl ester (I, T)
112-42-9 Propham
114-26-1 Propoxur
88
107-10-8 nPropylamine (I, T)
78-87-5 Propylene dichloride
52888-80-9 Prosulfocarb
123-33-1 3, 6Pyridazinedione, 1, 2dihydro-
110-86-1 Pyridine
109-06-8 Pyridine, 2methyl-
66-75-1 2, 4(1H, 3H)Pyrimidinedione, 5(bis(2chloroethyl)amino)-
56-04-2 4(1H)Pyrimidione, 2, 3dihydro-6-methyl2thioxo-
930-55-2 Pyrrolidine, 1nitroso-
50-55-5 Reserpine
108-46-3 Resorcinol
81-07-2 Saccharin and salts
94-59-7 Safrole
7783-00-8 Selenious acid
7783-00-8 Selenium dioxide
7488-56-4 Selenium sulfide
7488-56-4 Selenium sulfide SeS2 (R, T)
144-34-3 Selenium, tetrakis (dimethyldithiocarbamate)
115-02-6 LSerine, diazoacetate (ester)
93-72-1 Silvex (2, 4, 5TP)
136-30-1 Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate
148-18-5 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
128-04-1 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
18883-66-4 Streptozotocin
95-06-7 Sulfallate
77-78-1 Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
1314-80-3 Sulfur Phosphide (R)
93-76-5 2, 4, 5-T
1634-02-2 Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide
95-94-3 1, 2, 4, 5, Tetrachlorobenzene
630-20-6 1, 1, 1, 2Tetrachloroethane
79-34-5 1, 1, 2, 2Tetrachloroethane
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
58-90-2 2, 3, 4, 6Tetrachlorophenol
109-99-9 Tetrahydrofuran
97-74-5 Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide
533-74-4 2H1, 3, 5Thiadiazine2thione, tetrahydro3, 5dimethyl
563-68-8 Thallium(l) acetate
6533-73-9 Thallium(l) carbonate
7791-12-0 Thallium chloride
89
7791-12-0 Thallium chloride TlCl
10102-45-1 Thallium(l) nitrate
62-55-5 Thioacetamide
59669-26-0 Thiodicarb
74-93-1 Thiomethanol (I, T)
137-26-8 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, [(H2N)C(S)]2S2 tetramethyl-
1634-02-2 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetrabutyl
97-77-8 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetraethyl
23564-05-8 Thiophanatemethyl
62-56-6 Thiourea
137-26-8 Thiram
108-88-3 Toluene
25376-45-8 Toluenediamine
26471-62-5 Toluene diisocyanate (R, T)
95-53-4 oToluidine
106-49-0 pToluidine
636-21-5 oToluidine hydrochloride
2303-17-5 Triallate
61-82-5 1H1, 2, 4Triazol3amine
71-55-6 1, 1, 1Trichloroethane
79-00-5 1, 1, 2Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
75-69-4 Trichloromonofluoromethane
95-95-4 2, 4, 5Trichlorophenol
88-06-2 2, 4, 6Trichlorophenol
101-44-8 Triethylamine
99-35-4 1, 3, 5Trinitrobenzene (R, T)
123-63-7 1, 3, 5Trioxane, 2, 4, 6trimethyl-
126-72-7 Tris (2, 3dibromopropyl) phosphate
72-57-1 Trypan blue
66-75-1 Uracil mustard
759-73-9 Urea, NethylNnitroso-
684-93-5 Urea, NmethylNnitroso-
1929-77-7 Vernolate
75-01-4 Vinyl chloride
181-81-2 Warfarin and salts, when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less
1330-20-7 Xylene (I)
50-55-5 Yohimban16carboxylic acid, 11, 17dimethoxy 18((3, 4,
5trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy), methyl ester, (3beta, 16beta, 17alpha,
18beta, 20alpha)-
90
14324-55-1 Zinc, bis(diethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')-
1314-84-7 Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations of 10% or less
91
APPENDIX D
Examples of Nonhazardous Chemicals
This list is not all-inclusive. Acid waste (aqueous), neutralized to a pH between 5 and
11.5 and does not contain As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, Ag, Mn, Ni, Cu, or Zn.
A-B
Actin
A-Adenosine, free base
Adenosine 2' & 3'-monophosphate, disodium salt
Adenosine 2' & 3'-monophosphate, free acid
Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt
Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt
Adenosine 3'-monophosphate, sodium salt
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate, sodium salt
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, disodium salt
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, sodium salt
Adonitol; Ribitol
Agar; Bacto agar
Agarose
Alginic acid, sodium salt; Sodium alginate
β-Alanine
DL-Alanine
L-Alanine
Albumin, bovine
Albumin, bovine, methylated
Albumin, human
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Aldolase, type X
DL-Aminobutyric acid; GABA
4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol; Vitamin K5
92
Amylase
alpha-Amylase, type II-A
alpha-Amylase, type VI-B
β-Amylase, sweet potato
Amyloglucosidase
Amylose
Apyrase, grade VI
D-Arabinose
L(+) Arabinose
D-Arabitol
Arginase
Arginine
L-(+)-Arginine
D-Asparagine, monohydrate
DL-Asparagine
L-Asparagine
Aspartamene; Asp-phe methyl ester; L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester
D-Aspartic acid
DL-Aspartic acid
L-Aspartic acid
L-Aspartic acid, monosodium salt
Autex developer and replenisher
Baclofen
Bacto peptone; Peptone
Base waste (aqueous), neutralized to a pH between 5 and 11.5 (does not contain
As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, Ag, Mn, Ni, Cu, or Zn)
Bayberry wax
Bentonite
β-Glucuronidase, type VIII
Betaine
Bicuculline
93
Bile salts
Biocytin
Bromelain
C-F
Calcium citrate
Calcium phosphate, monobasic
Calcium sulfate (Drierite)
Carbachol chloride
Carbonic anhydrase
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Carboxypeptidase B, type I
Carboxypeptidase Y
Carminic acid
Carrageenan, type II
β-Carotene type IV; Carotene type III; Carotene, trans-β
Carrageenan, type IV
Casein
Cellobiose, D(+)
Cellulase type I, II, V, VI, and VII
Cellulose
Chalk; Protexulate; Calcium carbonate
Chitin
2-Chloroadenosine (upto 15 mM)
Chondroitin sulfate A, sodium salt
CM Cellulose powder
L-Citrulline
Cocarboxylase
Coenzyme A, sodium salt
Collagen
Collagenase
94
alpha-Chymotrypsinogen A
DL-Cystine
Cytidine 2' and 3'-monophosphate, free acid
Cytidine 2'-monophosphate, sodium salt
Cytidine 5'-triphosphate, sodium salt
Cytosine
Dehydroisoandrosterone 3-sulfate, sodium salt dihydrate
2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate
Deoxyepinephrine hydrochloride
Deoxyribonucleic acid, type XV
2-Deoxy-D-ribose
Deuterium oxide
Dextran
Dextrose
2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone
DNA Polymerase I
EDTA
Egg albumin
Elastase, type III
Elastin-orcein
Enolase
D-Erythrose
Fibrin
Fibrinogen, human type I
Fibronectin
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Folic acid
Fomblin oil
D-Fructose
β-D(-)-Fructose
D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
95
Fumaric acid, potassium salt
Fumaric acid, sodium salt
G-L
Gelatin
Glass beads
alpha-Glucosidase, type I
β-Glucosidase
β-D(+)Glucose
L-Glucose
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glutamic acid
D-Glutamic acid
DL-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
DL-Glutamic acid, monohydrate
L-Glutamine in saline
Glycerin
D-glycogen
Guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt
Guanosine 3'-monophosphate, sodium salt
Guanosine 5'-monophosphate
Guar gum
Gum, karaya
Gum, xanthan
Heavy water (deuterium oxide)
Hematin
Hemin
Hemoglobin
Hexokinase
96
Histone
Hyaluronidase, type I-S
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone acetate
DL-Histidine
DL-Homoserine
Hydrogen peroxide (3% or below)
Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgD, IgE)
Ilford ID 11 (working solution concentration)
Ilford 2000 RT developer #741759 (working solution concentration)
Ilford 2150 XL developer #741816 (working solution concentration)
Insulin
Invertase, grade V
Iron filings
DL-Isoleucine
Isoproterenol (up to 150 mM)
Kaolin
Kodak developer D-11 (working solution concentration)
Kodak developer D-19 (working solution concentration)
Kodak developer D-76 (working solution concentration)
Kodak dektol developer (working solution concentration)
Kodak microdol X-developer (working solution concentration)
Kodak Technidol developer (working solution concentration)
Kodalith developer A:B = 1:1 (working solution concentration)
L-Lactic dehydrogenase, type XI
L-Proline
L-Serine
L-Sorbose
L-Threonine
L-Valine
D-Lactic dehydrogenase
97
Lactoferrin
β-Lactoglobulin
alpha-Lactose
Lectin
Lectin from glycine max
Lectin from triticum vulgaris peroxidase labeled
DL-Leucine
Locust bean gum (carob flour)
Lysozyme, grade I (chicken egg)
M-P
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium sulfate
D-(+)-Maltose, monohydrate
alpha-D(+)-Melibiose
Methyl cellulose
Monoamine oxidase
MXR RP-HC developer (working solution concentration)
Myoglobin, human
Myokinase
A-NADP, tetrasodium salt; A-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADP; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide agarose
B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, tetrasodium salt
B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, disodium salt
B-Nicotinamide mononucleotide
Naloxone
Nerve growth factor
Neuraminidase, type X and type VIII
Nifedipine
Nimodipine
98
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid, hemicalcium salt; Calcium pantothenate; Vitamin B5, calcium
salt
DL-Pantothenic acid, hemicalcium salt
Pectin
Pectinase
Penicillinase, type I
Phentalamine (up to 1500 mM)
Phenylephrine (up to 200 mM)
Phosphatase alkaline, type VII-NT, bovine
Phosphodiesterase
Phosphodiesterase 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide
Polymeric materials, epoxys, adhesives and glues (Hardened, reacted, dried or
solidified)
Polyethylene glycol
Polyvinyl alcohol
Potassium bitartarate; Potassium hydrogen tartarate; Cream of Tartar
Potassium sulfate
Potassium thiosulfate
Proline
DL-Proline
Propylene glycol
Prostaglandin F1A antiserum from rabbit
Protease inhibitor from rabbit skeletal muscle
Pyridoxal phosphate
R-X
Rennin
Riboflavin
D-Ribose 5-phosphate, disodium salt
99
Ribonuclease A; Ribonuclease S; Ribonuclease T1
Rosin gum; Rosin wood
Saline solution (Less than 50% sodium chloride in water)
Sarcosine
DL-Serine
Sodium ascorbate; Vitamin C, sodium
Sodium chloride
Sodium citrate
Sodium phosphate
Sodium sulfate
D-Sorbitol
Starch
Streptokinase
Strontium sulfate
Succinamide
Sucrose; table sugar
DL-Threonine
Thyroglobulin, bovine
Tragacanth gum
Transferrin, human
Triethylene glycol
Triolein
Tris buffer (up to 0.1 M)
Tropomyosin
Trypsin inhibitor
Valine
D-Valine
Vitamin K1; Phylloquinone; 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone
Xanthine oxidase
Xylitol
D-Xylose
