HAZARD COMMUNICATION AND GHS WITH THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) OF CLASSIFICATION AND...
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Transcript of HAZARD COMMUNICATION AND GHS WITH THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) OF CLASSIFICATION AND...
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HAZARD COMMUNICATIONAND GHS
WITH THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS FOR
WASHINGTON STATE EMPLOYERS
Funding and support for this project has been provided by State of Washington, Department of
Labor and Industries, Safety and Health Investment projects.
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM
• What is a HAZCOM plan?
• What does GHS mean?
• How do hazardous chemicals affect the body?
• What are the different types of hazardous chemicals?
• What is on GHS compliant product labels?
• What are Safety Data Sheets (SDS)?
• How to protect yourself from hazardous chemicals.
Note: For HAZCOM compliant training, if type is in orange on slides, make sure the employees you are training do the activity and you update your HAZCOM program to match the responses of your COMPANY.
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What is hazard communication?
Employees who work with Hazardous Chemical have a “Right to Know” :
•what those chemicals are,
•what hazards are associated with those chemicals,
•what they can do to protect themselves,
•how to handle and store products they work with,
•what to do if they have an emergency working with those chemicals.
Employers need a formal written program that includes employee training. This is often called a “HAZCOM” program. They need to be based on WAC 296-901
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION
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What is GHS?
•Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals - needed because of global economy
•Internationally Developed System to protect workers by using the same criteria (testing procedures, exposure limits, etc) to determine the hazards of chemicals
•Safety Data Sheets must be created based on the same 16 part format
•The use of visually based warning symbols (pictograms) on product labels so workers can immediately identify the hazards associated with the products they use.
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GHS
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WHO NEEDS A HAZCOM PROGRAM?
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What must our company do to be in compliance? •Companies must have a written HAZCOM Plan.•It includes list of chemicals you have in your workplace.•Collect an SDS (MSDS if SDS is not available) for each of the chemicals and have available for employees.•Train your employees on how to read an SDS and Hazard Label.•Provide proper PPE for the chemicals your employees use.
HAZCOM COMPLIANCE
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION
What is considered a “Hazardous Chemical?”
• A hazardous chemical is any chemical that can do harm to your body
• Most industrial chemicals can harm you at some level
• Employees who use chemicals (other than retail packaged products used for their intended purpose) must have access to the SDS and warning labels for products they use at work.
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION
How do hazardous chemicals affect the body?
The effect a certain chemical has on the body depends on several factors:
• The physical form of the chemical
• How the chemical enters the body
• The amount of chemical that actually enters the body - the dose
• How toxic (poisonous) the chemical is
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TYPES OF CHEMICALS
The Three Forms of Chemicals
All chemicals exists in one of three forms:
•Solid
•Liquid
•Gas
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CHEMICAL SOLIDS
Solids – Dusts and Particulates
• Dust or powder can be released into the air by cutting, drilling, grinding or sanding and inhaled
• Dust can also be stirred up by dry sweeping and inhaled
• Spraying Paint causes particulates to be suspended in the air
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CHEMICAL SOLIDS
Solids – Fumes and Fibers
•Fumes are extremely small droplets of metal formed when the metal has been vaporized by high temperatures (usually welding)
• Some compounds are fibers which can be similar to dusts but they have an elongated shape (like asbestos or fiberglass)
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CHEMICAL LIQUIDS
Liquids
•Liquids can come into direct contactwith the skin and be absorbed into the body
•Liquids can be sprayed and form mists or evaporate and form vapors which can be inhaled
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CHEMICAL LIQUIDS
Liquids (Mists)
•Mists can also be inhaled
• Mists can settle on the skin and be absorbed
•Airborne mists can also settle out and contaminate food or drink
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CHEMICAL GASES
Gases
•Some can occur naturally
• Vapors can form from liquids
•Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Ammonia gas are some chemicals that have killed workers in the gas form
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HOW CHEMICALS ENTER THE BODY
There Are Five Routes of Entry:
•Ingestion – swallowing the chemical
•Inhalation – breathing in the chemical
•Absorption – the chemical soaks through the skin
•Skin or eye contact - chemical does external damage to skin or eyes on contact
•Injection - sharp object pierces the skin
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HOW CHEMICALS ENTER THE BODY
Ingestion (Swallowing)
•Chemicals that are swallowed are absorbed in the digestive tract
•Chemicals can rub off dirty hands and contaminate food, drinks or tobacco products
•Chemicals in the air can settle on food or drink and be swallowed
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HOW CHEMICALS ENTER THE BODY
Inhalation (Breathing)
Airborne chemicals are breathed in through the mouth or nose
•The size of particles or droplets can affect where the chemical settles in the respiratory tract
•Where the chemical settles in the respiratory tract determines what symptoms or diseases will develop
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HOW CHEMICALS ENTER THE BODY
Skin Absorption
•Some chemicals can pass through the skin and be taken into the body’s systems
•Solvents and pesticides are examples of compounds that can be absorbed through the skin
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CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Skin Contact
• Corrosives can cause visible skin burns or damage
• The extent of skin damage depends on how long the corrosive is on the skin and how concentrated the corrosive is
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CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Eye Contact
• Inhalation of corrosive mists or vapors can cause severe bronchial irritation
• Corrosive chemicals are capable of damaging skin, eyes and the respiratory system
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Acute chemical burn to the eye
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HOW CHEMICALS ENTER THE BODY
Injection
•Some chemicals can pass through the skin and be taken into the body’s systems thorough a break in the skin
•Needles and sharp objects cause injection hazards
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CHEMICAL TOXICITY
Toxicity: How dangerous are chemicals?
•Dose - The effects of any toxic chemical depends on the amount of a chemical that actually enters the body
•Acute Toxicity - The measure of howtoxic a chemical is in a single dose over a short period of time
•Chronic Toxicity – The measure of the toxicity of exposure to a chemical over a long period of time
Lethal Dose - expressed as LD50 or dose at which 50% of a population will die.
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CHEMICAL TOXICITY
Chronic Toxicity and Acute Toxicity
•Some chemicals will only make you sick if you get an ‘acute” or high dose all at once Example - ammonia
•Some chemicals are mainly known for their chronic or long-term effects Example - asbestos
•Most chemicals have both acute and chronic effects Example – carbon monoxide
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HEALTH HAZARDS
What are some of the things chemicals can do to you?
•Carcinogens - these chemicals may give you CANCER.
• Check to see if the chemicals you are using are on DOSH’s carcinogen list for special rules when working with these chemicals.
•Teratogens - these chemicals hurt unborn babies, or CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS.
•Mutagens- these chemicals cause BIRTH DEFECTS and sometimes CANCER in the exposed worker
•Sensitizers - these chemicals can cause an ALLERGIC REACTION in smaller and smaller doses, that can be deadly.
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CHEMICAL TOXICITY
Chemical Exposure Limits
•Many chemicals have exposure limits, or allowable amounts of a chemical in the air without having to wear additional protection.
•These limits are often called “PELs” or “TLVs”.
•They are based on 8-hour average exposure or ceiling or peak levels.
•Levels must be kept below these limits for safety.
•Employers have an obligation to monitor for many of these chemicals or use historical data to estimate PEL
Example: 100 parts per million
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PHYSICAL HAZARDS - FLAMMABILITY
Air100%
Air0%
Methane100%
Methane0%
The flash point is the lowest temperature that a flammable liquid can generate enough vapor to
form a mixture with air that will ignite.
Flammable Range: The limits of flammability is the range that a mixture of air and vapor is flammable. Chemicals have an upper and lower flammability limit (LFL, UFL).
5.3%LFL
15.0%UFL
Boom!
Too RichToo Lean
Vapor pressure is a measure of how fast a liquid evaporates.
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“Vapor density” is a measure of how heavy a vapor is compared to air. Air has a vapor density of 1.
Vapors with a density greater than air can flow like a liquid collect near the floor. Acetone, for example, has a vapor density of 2 and sinks.
This may create a fire or explosion hazard if the vapor flows to an ignition source.
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PHYSICAL HAZARDS - VAPOR DENSITY
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Explosions are physical hazards.
Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazards by self-reactive substances, substances that can burn without oxygen; or that may explode when disturbed will be labeled with this symbol.
Explosions are often caused by pressurized cylinders and can be accelerated by oxidizers.
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PHYSICAL HAZARDS - EXPLOSIONS
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THIS IS ALL GETTING A BIT TECHNICAL - HOW DOES IT WORK WITH THE AVERAGE EMPLOYEE?
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CHEMICALS AT WORK
MEET BOB
•Works for Industrial Maintenance Company for Historic Buildings
•Does everything from cleaning windows, to restoring metal surfaces, to repair grout
•Bob works with many different kinds of chemicals
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CHEMICALS AT WORK
How can Bob’s Company protect him from Chemicals?
•The HAZCOM ADMINISTRATOR for his company trains Bob on Chemicals, SDS, and Labels with this Presentation BEFORE Bob works with hazardous chemicals.
•Give Bob access to a list of SDS and copies of SDSs for the chemicals he works with, so he that he can double check all procedures.
•Make sure Bob has the correct PPE for the chemicals he works with.
Our company’s HAZCOM Administrator will be:___________________* Put in HAZCOM PLAN
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HAZCOM TRAINING- GHS LABELS
What does Bob need to know about chemical labels?
Bob learns the products he works with need to come with a warning label.
He needs to leave the product in the original container whenever possible.
If he puts the chemical in a new container, he needs to put a GHS Label on the container.
That will be our companies plan too.
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GHS LABELS MUST HAVE 6 THINGS
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MAKING LABELSMaking GHS Labels:
The information you need to make a label for a product is on the SDS (MSDS) for the product. Many online label making services (JJKeller) and apps are becoming available where you can make or get a GHS label on the jobsite using an IPad or Smartphone.
Our company will make labels by: _____________________________ * Put in HAZCOM PLAN
Did you say “MAKE” a label?
How do we do that?
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GHS HAZARD COMMUNICATION
What do the Pictograms mean?
• Health Hazards
• Physical Hazards
• Environmental Hazards
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GHS PICTOGRAMS
Exclamation Point:Chemicals that are acutely toxic and that can be harmful or toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or contact with the skin or eyes, often with a small dose.
Most of the cleaning products Bob uses have some minor health effects and may cause skin to
become irritated.
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Cleaning Supplies:
Some of Bob’s cleaning supplies can cause longterm health effects like cancer, other can make him violently ill and do damage to specific organs.
GHS PICTOGRAMS
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Health Hazard:Chemicals that pose Health Hazards and can cause acute or chronic health effects such as respiratory function damage, cancer, specific organ function damage, sexual dysfunction, fertility problems, birth defects and genetic mutations are represented by this symbol.
GHS PICTOGRAMS
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PICTOGRAMS
Bug Spray: One of Bob ’s jobs is to spray for bugs. If he accidentally ingested some of the chemical or some absorbed through his skin, it would be bad!In fact....
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PICTOGRAMSSkull and Crossbones: Chemicals that are acutely toxic and that can be harmful or toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or contact with the skin or eyes, often with a small dose.
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PICTOGRAMS
Etching metal: Another one of Bob’s jobs is to etch metal at one of the buildings to make it look stressed and old. To accomplish that Bob spray’s a corrosive chemical on it. It’s not only corrosive to metal....
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PICTOGRAMS
Corrosives: Chemicals that can be corrosive to metal, skin, or cause damage to eyes can be labeled with this symbol.
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PPEPPE:
Personal Protective equipment such as •gloves, •safety goggles,•respirators, •and specialty chemical protective clothing could have protected Bob from many of these hazards.
Our company provides the PPE in the precautionary statements and on the SDS for chemicals our employees work with.
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PICTOGRAMS
Welding: Bob does a little welding in some of the buildings he works on. One is at a public pool built in the 1940s. There is lots of pipe to weld in the pump room, which is where they also store the pool chemicals.
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PICTOGRAMSFLAME: Flammable solids, gases, aerosols, liquids, or; self-reactive substances and mixtures; pyrophorics, self-heating chemicals; chemicals that ignite when exposed to water and organic peroxides can be depicted with this symbol.
GAS CYLINDER: Gases under pressure may explode if heated.This pictogram would be used for compressed gases, liquified gases, refrigerated liquified gases, and dissolved gases. Gases may cause cryogenic burns or injuries.
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PICTOGRAMSFLAME OVER CIRCLE: This symbol represents an oxidizer. Oxidizers are chemicals that cause or help other chemicals to burn by adding oxygen to the chemical process. Oxidizers can be gases, liquids, or solids.
To make matters worse, where Bob is
welding the pool chemicals are
oxidizers... and Bob starts a small fire.
Which becomes a big fire..
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PICTOGRAMS
EXPLODING BOMB: Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazards by self-reactive substances, substances that can burn without oxygen; or that may explode when disturbed will be labeled with this symbol.
WHICH EXPLODES!
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PICTOGRAMS
ENVIRONMENT: This non-mandatory pictogram represents a chemical’s effect on water, aquatic life or other impacts on the environment. It warns of immediate and long term hazards to the aquatic environment.
Bob next job for this company would been work that cleans up old factories....
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OUR COMPANIES CHEMICALS
Activity:
Think of the types of chemicals our company uses that need pictograms and match them with the correct symbol.
Example: Ammonia -
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TASKS THAT INVOLVE CHEMICALS
The following activities are where our company uses or hazardous chemicals are present:
•Spraying Paints, Primers, or Stains
•Spreading or spraying certain glues
•Cleaning _____________________________________
•_____________________________________________
•_____________________________________________
•_____________________________________________
* Put this list in our Written HAZCOM Plan
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PROTECTING YOURSELF
If you have been exposed to a chemical and feel sick:
•Let your supervisor know
•Find out what the chemical was
•Follow the first aid directions in the SDS
•Get medical attention as needed
•Check your PPE before going back to the area
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GETTING INFORMATION
How do you get information about hazardous chemicals?
You can get information two ways:
•From the product label
•From the product Safety Data Sheet
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GETTING INFORMATION
What is a Safety Data Sheet?
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are information sheets on products that:
•Tells what chemicals are in the product
•What the hazards of the chemicals are
•How to protect yourself from the hazards
Safety Data Sheets for our company are located in the following locations
Company Office - on the office computer under ______________ and in the book labeled HAZCOM PROGRAM and GHS SDS.
On the Job site - in the HAZCOM ADMINISTRATOR’s TRUCK
________________________________________________________40
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SAFETY DATA SHEETS
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SAFETY DATA SHEETS
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SAFETY DATA SHEETS
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PROTECTING YOURSELF
You can protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by:
•Knowing what is in the product your work with
•Using the smallest amount of a chemical to do the job
•Wearing necessary personal protective equipment
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PROTECTING YOURSELF
In the case of a leak or spill, protect yourself by:
•Informing your supervisor of unusual odors, spills, or releases
•Leaving an area of a large spill or chemical release
Call ___________ and explain the circumstances of the spill. In addition, our company has this policy: _________________________________________
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HAZARD COMPLIANCE
Choose a HAZCOM Administrator and fill out the
HAZCOM Program.
Make a list of chemicals you have in your workplace.
Collect an SDS (MSDS if SDS is not available) for
each of the chemicals and put in a book labeled
HAZCOM Program and SDS sheets, give employees
access.
Review the HAZCOM program with your employees.
Train employees how to read an SDS, focus on
Sections 2,4,6-8.
Show employees how to read GHS Product Labels
Have proper PPE available for the chemicals which
your employees use.