Haydn Trumpet Concerto Paper

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    Franz Joseph Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E-flat

    Haydn wrote his Trumpet Concerto in 1796 for Anton Weidinger, who had developed akeyed trumpet. This trumpet could play notes unavailable to the natural trumpet, which

    had been in use for hundreds of years.

    Haydn wrote this concerto to make full use of the new chromatic possibilities offered by  Weidinger’s trumpet. Haydn’s orchestration implies that the solo part should mostly beplayed with great restraint; there are few  forte  markings, which are reserved for the tutti sections. The edition presented is derived from Haydn’s autograph score, with noeditorial additions.

     The first movement starts with Haydn teasing his audience by bringing the solo trumpetin with loud fanfare figures, only to follow with the main theme later. The movement

    contains several semiquaver passages. Contrary to many editors’ suggestions, it is likely that Haydn would have expected very few slurs (other than where he has marked them).Clarino technique employed a wide range of varied tonguing syllables, and commonly useddouble tonguing. (Haydn titled this concerto for the clarino; this is what the trumpet wasoften called in the eighteenth century, when composers made extensive use of thetrumpet’s high harmonics.) The cadenza should be improvised or composed using themes from the movement. Contemporary practice was not to move far away from thetonic key and to restrain the length to something that could be played ‘in one breath’.Performers are recommended to study others’ examples in this and other concertos.However, early editions of this concerto often contain cadenzas which bear little or no

    relation to the material preceeding it: such practice should be avoided.

     The second movement is marked  Andante . Current scholarship suggests that Haydnexpected 6/8  Andantes   to move at anything from quaver = 104 to 144; this isconsiderably faster than has become the norm in performances of this movement.Performers are encouraged to try a flowing speed within this range, and then tounderstand the music within that tempo. Remembering that it is likely that Haydnexpected that the demisemiquavers would all be tongued, gentle double-tonguing will bemost helpful to achieve the required effect. Remember, this is not a ‘slow movement’.

     The third movement has similarities with the first, and will probably be taken at a similartempo. Bear in mind that the series of trills from bar 249-253 would have had to havebeen lip trills on Weidinger’s trumpet - these trills would not have been very rapid. Resistthe temptation to overblow in this movement, as in the other movements; reserve thetrue fortes  for the places marked by Haydn.

     Notes by Brian Moore 

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    Trumpet Concerto

    I  J. Haydn

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