Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location...
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Transcript of Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location...
![Page 1: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history?
• Write your ideas on a sheet of paper.
![Page 2: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Alfred Wegener: Pangaea• In early 1915, the German
scientist Alfred Wegener developed a theory that the continents once formed a giant supercontinent that he called Pangaea.
• Pangaea means all lands.• Wegener proposed the
theory of “Continental Drift:” that all the continents had once been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart over time.
![Page 3: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evidence for Continental Drift
• Wegener based the idea on 4 different types of evidence:
1. The continents fit together like a puzzle2. Fossil evidence3. Rock type and Structural Similarities4. Paleoclimaitc Evidence
![Page 4: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plate Tectonics
• Even with the pervious stated evidence, Wegener’s idea of continental drift was not accepted, because no one could come up with a reasonable mechanism for the movement of the continents, until about the 1960’s when the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
![Page 5: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Plate Tectonics• Plate tectonics – is a theory that
explains how Earth’s exterior is broken into large slabs of lithosphere (plates) that are in continual motion with each other. This movement is due to convection currents.
• A convection current is a cycle created as hot matter rises, cools, and sinks. (Is a cycle created as hot matter rises & cold matter sinks.)
• Where else are there convection currents, or where else do we used convection currents?
![Page 6: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plate Tectonics• Plate tectonics – is a theory that explains
how Earth’s exterior is broken into large slabs of lithosphere (plates) that are in continual motion with each other. This movement is due to convection currents.
• A convection current is a cycle created as hot matter rises, cools, and sinks. (Is a cycle created as hot matter rises & cold matter sinks.)
• Where else are there convection currents, or where else do we used convection currents?– Cloud formation, the water cycle, cooking,
chemistry.• A plate is a large piece of lithosphere that is
able to move about the surface of the earth. Plates move about an inch a year on average. As plates move, they interact with each other.
• What are some of the causes of these interactions?
![Page 7: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plate Tectonics• Plate tectonics – is a theory that explains
how Earth’s exterior is broken into large slabs of lithosphere (plates) that are in continual motion with each other. This movement is due to convection currents.
• A convection current is a cycle created as hot matter rises, cools, and sinks. (Is a cycle created as hot matter rises & cold matter sinks.)
• Where else are there convection currents, or where else do we used convection currents?– Cloud formation, the water cycle, cooking,
chemistry.
• A plate is a large piece of lithosphere that is able to move about the surface of the earth. Plates move about an inch a year on average. As plates move, they interact with each other.
• What are some of the causes of these interactions?– Mountain building, earthquakes, rift valleys,
volcanos, trenches.
![Page 8: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Like a Puzzle
• The continents’ fitting so well together is the first suggestion of continental drift.
• Take a look at the maps, and can you see where some of the other continents can fit together?
![Page 9: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fossil Evidence• Fossil - The remains of an
animal or plant preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or geological deposit, often as an impression or in a petrified state.
• Identical fossils were found on widely separated continents: such as Mesosaurus, Cynognathus, Lystrosaurus, and Glossopteris.
Lystrosaurus
![Page 11: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Break into Groups
• Share your information with your groups.
• Draw or label this information on the map.
• Where are Mesosaurus, Cynognathus, Lystrosaurus, and Glossopteris found?
![Page 12: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rock Type and Structural Similarities
• There are similar rock types on continents on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
• Also, mountain ranges like the Appalachian Mtns. and mountains in Scotland and Scandinavia (Caledonia Mtns.) are similar in age, structure, and rock types.
• Don’t forget to label these mountains on your map.
![Page 14: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rock Type and Structural Similarities• When the continents are reassembled, the mountain
chains form a continuous belt.
![Page 15: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Paleoclimatic Evidence• Glacial till of the same age is found
in southern Africa, South America, India, and Australia – areas that would be very difficult to explain the occurrence of glaciation.
• Also large coal deposits were formed from tropical swamps in N. America and Europe.
• Pangaea with S. Africa centered over the South Pole could account for the conditions necessary to generate glacial ice in the southern continents.
• Where would N. America and Europe be if the coal deposits were formed from tropical swamps?
![Page 16: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Paleoclimatic Evidence• Glacial till of the same age is found in
southern Africa, South America, India, and Australia – areas that would be very difficult to explain the occurrence of glaciation.
• Also large coal deposits were formed from tropical swamps in N. America and Europe.
• Pangaea with S. Africa centered over the South Pole could account for the conditions necessary to generate glacial ice in the southern continents.
• Where would N. America and Europe be if the coal deposits were formed from tropical swamps?
• The areas with extensive coal deposits from the same time period occur in regions that would have been equatorial.
![Page 17: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
One last look at how the continents' drifted.
![Page 18: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Questions
• What theory did Alfred Wegener propose?• Continental drift.
![Page 19: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Questions
• What is the theory of Continental Drift?• that all the continents had once been joined
together in a single landmass and have drifted apart over time.
![Page 20: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Questions
• What are 2 types of evidence for continental drift?
1. The continents fit together like a puzzle.2. Fossil evidence.3. Rock type and Structural Similarities4. Paleoclimaitc Evidence.
![Page 21: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Questions
• Why wasn’t Wegener’s idea of continental drift accepted?
• because no one could come up with a reasonable mechanism for the movement of the continents, until about the 1960’s when the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
![Page 22: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Questions
• What are some of the causes of plate interactions?– Mountain building, earthquakes, rift valleys,
volcanos, trenches.
![Page 23: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Questions
• Are mountains still building/growing?
![Page 24: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Questions
• Describe a convection current.
![Page 25: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Question/Homework
• Predict what you think the continents of the earth will look like in the future?
![Page 26: Has the continents always looked as they do now on the map, or have they changed shape or location throughout Earth's history? Write your ideas on a sheet.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de65503460f94ade515/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Question/Homework
• How has continental drift effected how species evolve over time?