Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering”...
-
Upload
elinor-welch -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering”...
![Page 1: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Has inflation fulfilled its promise?
![Page 4: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
the classical view the quantum view
“ordering” “disordering”
![Page 5: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• unpredictability problem
Linde, Linde, Mezhlumian, PRD 50, 2456 (1994)
• persistence of memory problem
• geodesic incompleteness
• entropy problem
• transplanckian problem
![Page 6: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Either:
- solve these problems, or
- seek alternative models that avoid them
Observers & experimentalists will help:
- conduct tests that enable us to distinguishamong inflation and its alternatives
![Page 7: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hsmoothing > Hnormal >> Htoday
1) Inflation is fast
2) Quantum physics is random
![Page 9: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hsmoothing << HnormalSuppose
• Unpredictability
• Persistence of Memory
• Entropy Problem
• Singularity Problem
?
![Page 10: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How do we go from small H to large H ?
)(4 pGH
a bounce
i.e., confront the singularity rather than ignore it
![Page 11: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
inflaton38
382
26
2
4
0
3
0
... ak
aaG
aG rmH
w ~ -1
Inflation: ultra-rapid expansion
)1(3/2~)( wtta
![Page 12: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
)1(3
0
38
a
G
w w >> 1
N.B. Do not need finely tuned initial conditions or inflation or dark energy …
ekpyrotic/cyclic: ultra-slow contraction
inflaton38
382
26
2
4
0
3
0
... ak
aaG
aG rmH
)1(3/2)(~)( wtta
Erickson, Wesley, PJS. TurokErickson, Gratton, PJS, Turok
![Page 13: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
)1(3
0
38
a
G
w w >> 1
… and avoid chaotic mixmaster behavior …
ekpyrotic/cyclic: slow contraction
inflaton38
382
26
2
4
0
3
0
... ak
aaG
aG rmH
Erickson, Wesley, PJS. TurokErickson, Gratton, PJS, Turok
![Page 14: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
)1(3
0
38
a
G
w w >> 1
… and makes scale-invariant perturbations of scalar fields …
ekpyrotic/cyclic: slow contraction
inflaton38
382
26
2
4
0
3
0
... ak
aaG
aG rmH
Erickson, Wesley, PJS. TurokErickson, Gratton, PJS, Turok
![Page 15: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
)1(3
0
38
a
G
w w >> 1
… without encountering transplanckian fluctuations.
ekpyrotic/cyclic: slow contraction
inflaton38
382
26
2
4
0
3
0
... ak
aaG
aG rmH
Erickson, Wesley, PJS. TurokErickson, Gratton, PJS, Turok
![Page 16: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
V
inflation
ekpyrotic/cyclic
V
1~)(
)(2
21
221
V
Vw
1)(
)(2
21
221
V
Vw
Khoury, PJS, Ovrut, TurokBuchbinder, Khoury, Ovrut
![Page 17: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
“bang”
radiation
matter
dark energy
“ekpyrotic”contraction
“crunch”
How do we convert scalar field fluctuationsinto curvature perturbations?
![Page 18: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Entropic approach:two ordinary scalar fields and NO extra dimensions:
entropic curvature
Buchbinder, Khoury Ovrut,Creminelli and SenatoreKoyama, Mizumo, WandsWesley and Tolley,
Finelli & BrandenbergerLehners, McFadden, Turok, and PJS
AdS/CFT approach: (see Turok’s talk)
Turok, Craps, Hertog
![Page 19: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Gravitational waves?
• Non-gaussian fluctuations?
![Page 20: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Gravitational waves?
• Non-gaussian fluctuations?
Primordial amplitude proportional to Hsmoothing2
![Page 21: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
from Baumann, PJS, Takahashi, Ichikisee also Mollerach, Harari, Mattarese
Ananda, Clarkson, Wands
![Page 22: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Gravitational waves?
• Non-gaussian fluctuations?
![Page 23: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Buchbinder, Khoury Ovrut, arXiv:0706.3903Creminelli and Senatore, hep-th/0702165
Koyama, Mizumo, Wands, to appear
wVfNL 3~''~
Entropic mechanism can producesignificant non-gaussianity:
36100 observedNLf (WMAP team)
27147 observedNLf (Yadav & Wandelt)
compatible for w < 30
conversionduring ekpyrotic
phase
![Page 24: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
J-L. Lehners & PJS
50200 NLf
Entropic mechanism can producesignificant non-gaussianity:
36100 observedNLf (WMAP team)
27147 observedNLf
conversionafter ekpyrotic
phase
compatible for w < 3000 and with tilt
(Yadav & Wandelt)
![Page 25: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
36100 observedNLf (WMAP team)
27147 observedNLf (Yadav & Wandelt)
![Page 26: Has inflation fulfilled its promise? the classical view the quantum view “ordering” “disordering”](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ebc5503460f94bc58a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)