By,BHAVYASREE R K

PhD Genetics and Plant Breeding

Howarth howdy Bouis: It’s More than Just Calories

Economist : IFPRI

Research : diets of poor households and nutritional outcomes in Asia

Emphasis: differences in diets between the rich and the poor : level of non-staple food consumption

Conclusion : mineral and vitamin deficiencies-the main constraints to better nutrition - to healthy and

economically productive lives.

FORTIFICATION Vs

BIOFORTIFICATION

Questions

• What if we could make plants to do some of the work for us? / what if we could produce a new variety of seed that was higher in, say, iron or zinc?– No extra taste or color for extra iron and zinc: intake

will increase. Farmers will produce more nutritious staple food

• what if plants needed minerals for their nutrition as much as humans do?– Better start and yields were higher

The idea to light…….1

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3

POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE HUMAN NUTRITION

INITIATIVES…..1

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4 “USAID funded meeting in Maryland”

Discussion: launching a project to breed for high minerals and vitamins: CGIAR micronutrient project

Hope: 5 donors- $1 million each

Only one Donor DANIDA: $3,30,000 per year for 1995-97

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94

-98

Germplasm screening: high nutrient breeding parents

Robin’s effort : ACIAR raised some fund

Demonstrated feasibility of conventional breeding to develop high yielding high nutrient varieties

No other funding agencies

SLOW ADVANCEMENTS….

19

99

GROWTH…….

2nd CGIAR meeting at IRRI

Plant scientists, nutritionists, social scientists and donors

ADB came forward with funding of $2 million over 2001-2002 – for rice

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-20

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DANIDA continued funding: smaller bean, cassava, maize and wheat

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT……2

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1Meeting at CIAT to convince BMGF and MI for funding

In the meeting Steeve Beebe coined the term Biofortification

MI: dissemination project of high provitA orange sweet potato in mozambique

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02 Biofortification challenge program (BCP) proposal

selected for fast implementation: CIAT & IFPRI

CGIAR general meeting (Manila) approved the proposal

20

03

BMGF signed 50% of funding

THE BREAKTHROUGH & DEVELOPMENT

Phase 1 (2003-2008)

•Discovery stage•Mid 2003-BCP changed to HARVEST PLUS•Identified target population-proofs for the feasibility of biofortification

Phase 2 (2003-2013)

•Breeding the first wave of biofortified crops completed and approved by National varietal release committees•Nutritional efficacy trials•Delivery plans developed

Phase 3 (2014-2018)

• Would concentrate on delivery and scaling up biofortified crops

DEVELOPMENT TILL NOW…

Along with phase 1 and 2, harvest plus sponsored country programs

Brazil

China

India

Aim: coordination of national institutes and government to fund and coordinate biofortification activities

"Hidden hunger has

no better friend

than poverty."

MISSION

Vision: World free of hidden hunger

Mission: develop and scale up the delivery of biofortified nutritious crops around the world, so that every child, woman, and man who needs them can have access

Goal : reach 15 million farming households-100 million people-with biofortified nutritious foods by 2020

• Staffs based on CIAT and IFPRI

• Posted in several countries

• Chief executive officer: Beverley Postma

Harvest plus People

governance•Harvest Plus: joint venture -CIAT and IFPRI•Boards of Trustees of CIAT and IFPRI: Program Advisory Committee (PAC)-Board of Trustees for Harvest Plus.•The PAC :2 Directors-General of CIAT and IFPRI•1 Board member each from the Boards of Trustees of CIAT and IFPRI•Experts from developing and developed countries, covering a range of disciplines.

Peter McPherson

PAC CHAIR

Fe deficiency – During childhood and adolescence-impairs mental development and learning capacity

– Adults : reduce ability to do physical labor• Women : increase

risk of death during child birth

Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A

Zn deficiency – necessary component of more than 200 enzyme systems

– Affect normal growth and development, the maintenance of body tissues, sexual function, vision, and the immune system

Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A

Vit A deficiency– Vit A for good vision and cell

differentiation

– Deficiency : growth retardation, damage to mucous membrane tracts, reproductive disorders, eye damage—and ultimately blindness

– Children : deficiency in multiple micronutrients- anemic, impaired growth, increased disease infection

– Pregnant women- increased risk of mortality

Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A

Target breeding level

• Targets were set such that, for preschool children 4–6 years old and for non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age

• Iron beans and iron pearl millet - 60 % of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

• Zinc wheat and zinc rice - 60–80 % EAR

• Provitamin A rich yellow cassava and orange maize-50 % EAR

• Orange sweet potato (OSP)- 100% EAR

CROPS: It all starts with a seed

The challenge in biofortification is putting together all of the pieces of the puzzle to create a

micronutrient-rich crop that is acceptable to both farmers and consumers

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PAC

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THW

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DELIVERY STAGES

MARKETING

• marketing principles, creativity, insights (research),and strategic partnerships (external and internal) to generate demand and create large-scale awareness of biofortified crops

Community Nutrition Outreach Program

Music Concerts

Film

Endorsements by Community Leaders

Harvest plus INDIA• Iron Pearl Millet

– Nutritional Benefits: Provides up to 80% of daily iron needs

– Farmer Benefits: High yielding, mildew resistant, short duration, drought tolerant

– Varieties: ICTP 8203-Fe-10-2 (Dhanashakti), ICMH 1201 (Shakti-1201)

• Zinc Wheat– Nutritional Benefits: Provides up to 50% of daily zinc

needs– Farmer Benefits: High yielding, adapted to the target area

of eastern gangetic plains, disease resistant– Varieties: BHU-3, BHU-6 (Chitra)

Harvest plus INDIA

• These crops : HarvestPlus +ICRISAT+CIMMYT

• 70% of Indian children under 5 are estimated to be iron deficient (DHS).

• 48% of Indian children under 5 are estimated to be zinc deficient (WHO).

• Annually, India loses over $12 billion in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies (World Bank).

Remove hidden hunger by 2030

Concept of biofortification

Turning idea into a global movement

Director of HarvestPlus

In NEWS…..

February 1, 2017

2017 LAUNCH Food InnovatorZinc Eaten at Levels Found in

Biofortified Crops Reduces DNA ‘Wear and Tear’Zyba et al (2016)

Taking Vitamin A

Orange Maize

to Zambian Schoolchildren

November 23, 2016

TIME The 25 Best Inventions

of 2016-Orange Sweet Potato

Vitamin A Orange Maize Improves Night Vision

Palmer et al (2016)