TYPOGRAPHYHarsha Wijayawardhana

University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC)

INTRODUCTION TO TYPOGRAPHY Typography is the art of arranging type,

type design and modifying type glyphs Arrangement of type involves the

following:TypefacesPoint sizesLine lengthLeading (line spacing)Adjusting space between group of letters

(Tracking)Adjusting space between pair of letters

(Kerning)

TYPOGRAPHY CONT …Typeface – a typeface is a set of one or

more fonts, in one or more font sizes. The distinction between font and typeface is that

a font designates a specific member of a type family such as roman, boldface, or italic type, while typeface designates a consistent visual appearance or style which can be a "family" or related set of fonts

TYPOGRAPHY CONT … Typefaces and fonts are measured in points Point has been defined differently in different

period and in digital era, the most popular is the Desktop Publishing point of 1⁄72 in (0.0139 in/0.35 mm).

It is now accepted that 72 point is an inchThere are two types of Typefaces: Serif and

San Serif

TYPOGRAPHY CONT …

TYPOGRAPHY CONT …

FONT METRICS EM Unit measurement of typeface of a

font. Typeface of 16 point of font is 1 EM Fontlab measures in UPM or Unit per EM This is the way how the calculations are

done and it is brought to FontLab These calculations are performed for

Type 1 PS fonts, which is 1000 points and TTF 1024 and 2048 (Microsoft)

FONT METRICS CONT … Assuming my EM square 260 mm Caps = 200 mm Ascender = 200 mm x-height = 140 mm Descender = -60 Caps 200/260 * 1000 = 769 Ascender 200/260 * 1000 = 538 x-height 140/260 * 1000 = 769 Descender -60/260 * 1000 = -231