Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue growth · Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue ......

Harnessing

natural capital

to deliver blue

growth

Lessons learned from the Ecosystem Approach

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=yfMN-z6nM1fI-M&tbnid=JD_yg1-KtmE-VM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://blog.hcmr.gr/2011/09/fleet-of-hcmr-2/&ei=xnqcUfy6L4an4gT0w4C4Ag&psig=AFQjCNF1dpcYCHEJEB7OpkE-sIxtZNEUlg&ust=1369295942819694

The Ecosystem Approach

Image: Laurence Mee

A resource planning and

management approach that

recognizes the connections

between land, air, water and

all living things, including

people, their activities and institutions.

Definition from the KnowSeas project team

Wea

ther

and

clim

ate

Sou

rce

of fo

od

For i

ts s

cene

ry

Edu

catio

n an

d sc

ienc

e

Trad

e an

d sh

ippi

ng

Pro

duce

r of e

nerg

y

Rec

reat

ion

& to

urism

Cultu

re a

nd id

entit

yEm

ploy

men

tFo

r cre

ativity

UK

Germany

Poland

France

ItalySpain

Portugal

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Importance to respondent for...

UK

Germany

Poland

France

Italy

Spain

Portugal

Values and worldviews

A systems approach

WHY DO WE NEED BLUE GROWTH?

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

France

UK

USA

Mexico

India

World Total

GDP Growth in Developed and

Developing Countries, 1900-2006

Based on data from Prof. Angus Maddison, 2008

GDP Per capita (1990 Int. GK$)

Long-term exponential trend in GDP (PPP) per capita in 1990 GK$

Holding the line…

Fragile Europe?

Resilience

How the Black Sea was saved

The Blue economy - 2010

Non-convertible

currencies?

PUFFINS, PEOPLE AND PROFITS

Economic sectors

Households & their welfare

Natural capital

Ecological, social and economic capital

Economic sectors


Individual use of Landscape, Biodiversity etc

Manufactured or processed goods and services. Salaries of sector workers

Goods and services used by sector

NON MARKET

MARKET

Labour and money to purchase goods

Idealised capital flows Natural

capital

Basic ecosystem services

Economic sectors




TRADE OFFS



Real capital flows Natural capital


Comple-mentary factors of production

Services used but not entering into the market (waste, externalities, etc)

Economic sectors



Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Compen-sation

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS





Conventional market regulation

Natural capital



Economic sectors




Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Compen-sation

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS Informal

voluntary measures

Voluntary measures other than reduction of use of G & S

Conservation



Return flows to natural capital Natural

capital




Economic sectors




Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Compen-sation

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS Informal

voluntary measures

Voluntary measures other than reduction of use of G & S

Conservation



Regulatory pressure points Natural

capital




Economic sectors




Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Compen-sation

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS Informal

voluntary measures

Conservation


What happens to the waste?

Lost from the system

Recycled (not always in original form)

Natural capital



Fishery sector Households & their welfare

Angling

Fish and fish products. Salaries of sector workers

Catch

Ecosystem damage Ghost fishing Pollution

Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS Restocking

Voluntary conser-vation

Conservation


Capture fisheries sector Marine

ecosystem

Sustainable catch (MSY)

By catch Discards By catch Discards

Energy, vessels, equipment etc

Fishery sector Households & their welfare

Angling

Fish and fish products. Salaries of sector workers

Catch

Ecosystem damage Ghost fishing Pollution

Governance

Levies, fees, fines

Taxes, fees

Subsid-ies

TRADE OFFS Restocking

Voluntary conser-vation

Conservation


Capture fisheries sector Marine

ecosystem

Sustainable catch (MSY)

By catch Discards By catch Discards

Energy, vessels, equipment etc

1.3 million tons/yr (13% total catch)

56% of Europe’s catch value

Only 0.38% of

Europe’s total sea

area in 2008

Stocks in danger of

collapse rose from 7% in

1970 to 48% in 2000

Up to 21% of England and Wales sea floor

disturbed

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

Adaptive management

Management across

multiple spatial and

temporal scales

Stepping stones

to a sustainable

future

Learning by doing

Statutory Periodic Assessment

•State of the marine environment

• Pressures and their human causes

• Institutions, laws, policies, economic

instruments

Baseline

studies

Methods

ASSESSMENT





instruments

A measureable

aspirational goal for

the future

Baseline

studies

Methods

Emerging

Issues

SETTING THE VISION





instruments

EU Marine Strategy

DirectiveGood Environmental

Status (2020)

Baseline

studies

Methods

Emerging

Issues

SETTING THE VISION





instruments

EU Marine Strategy


Status (2020)

Baseline

studies

Regional/National Policy

Environmental targets

Spatial planning

Methods

Emerging

Issues

DEFINING THE FIRST STEP





instruments

EU Marine Strategy


Status (2020)

Baseline

studies



Spatial planning

Robust quantitative

system state indicators

to measure impact

Operational indicators:

process, pressures,

societal & governance

Methods

Emerging

Issues

NECESSARY INDICATORS





instruments

EU Marine Strategy


Status (2020)

Regular monitoring (all indicators)

Baseline

studies

Robust quantitative


to measure impact


process, pressures,


Methods

Emerging

Issues



Spatial planning

MONITORING IS ESSENTIAL





instruments

EU Marine Strategy


Status (2020)


Baseline

studies

Regulations and compliance

Fast feedback

loop

Robust quantitative


to measure impact


process, pressures,


Methods

Emerging

Issues



Spatial planning

COMPLIANCE AND FEEDBACK





instruments

EU Marine Strategy


Status (2020)


Baseline

studies

Regulations and compliance

Slow

feedback

loop

Status and trends

Fast feedback

loop

Robust quantitative


to measure impact


process, pressures,


Methods

Emerging

Issues



Spatial planning

PROGRESS TOWARDS THE VISION

THE MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE

Source: German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, 2008

MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING

Liv erpool Bay has numerous activ ities operating within this small area

of the Irish Sea. Not only is it protected f or its conserv ation f eatures

and hosts protected wreck sites, it also supports a wealth of marine

industries utilising a small sea space. The inset map shows legally

permitted windf arm dev elopments, shipping, dredging and dredged-

material disposal sites, oil and gas dev elopments, pipelines and

cables and aggregate extraction, with f urther legislativ e controls

on activ ities by the MOD, recreational by elaws, port and harbour

by elaws and sea f isheries protection measures.

Legally Permitted Activities within the Irish Sea

Fishery Protected Areas

EU Fishery Protected Areas

Bass Nursery Areas

By elaws

Fishery Order

(Ministerial & Regulating)

Conserv ation Designations

SACs

SPAs

MNRs

AoSPs (IOM)

SSSI/ASSIs

Ministry of Def ence

MOD Controlled Areas

MOD Danger Areas

Submarine Exercise Areas

Windf arm Dev elopments

Round 1 & Round 2 Sites

Windf arm Exclusion Zones

DTI Renewable Exclusion Zone (unlegislated)

Recreation

Pleasure Boat Exclusion Zone

Pleasure Boat Speed Restrictions

Archaeology

Protected Wrecks

Oil & Gas

Hy drocarbon Field

Areas under Licence

Surf ace Installations

Wells

Ports & Harbours

Harbour Jurisdictions

Dredging

Disposal Sites

Dredged Sites (Capital & Maintenance)

Shipping Measures

Traf f ic Separation Schemes

Areas to be Av oided

High Speed Craf t

Laden Tanker Instructions

Major Shipping Routes (unlegislated)

Aggregate Extraction

Licensed Extraction Areas

Activ e Extraction Areas

Applications

Submarine Cables & Pipelines

Cables

Oil & Gas Pipeline

The challenge of cumulative impacts

From the Irish Sea

Pilot study, 2005.

Source: WWF 2010

Decision space analysis

Terrestrial

Lo

cal in

sho

re

Natio

nal

EE

Z

Trans-

bo

un

dary

Reg

ion

al S

eas

EU

Wid

e

Glo

bal

Within one year

Within 1

political term (5 yrs)

Before 2020

(Target for GEnS)

By 2050

MSFD National WFD

Driver policies

Terrestrial

Lo

cal in

sho

re

Natio

nal

EE

Z

Trans-

bo

un

dary

Reg

ion

al S

eas

EU

Wid

e

Glo

bal

Within one year

Within 1


Before 2020

(Target for GEnS)

By 2050 CAP CFP

IMP

Implementation cycles and policies

Terrestrial

Lo

cal in

sho

re

Natio

nal

EE

Z

Trans-

bo

un

dary

Reg

ion

al S

eas

EU

Wid

e

Glo

bal

Within one year

Within 1


Before 2020

(Target for GEnS)

By 2050

MSFD

WFD

Implementation cycles and policies

Terrestrial

Lo

cal in

sho

re

Natio

nal

EE

Z

Trans-

bo

un

dary

Reg

ion

al S

eas

EU

Wid

e

Glo

bal

Within one year

Within 1


Before 2020

(Target for GEnS)

By 2050

MSFD

WFD

CAP CFP

IMP

Spatial planning in national waters

Terrestrial

Lo

cal in

sho

re

Natio

nal

EE

Z

Trans-

bo

un

dary

Reg

ion

al S

eas

EU

Wid

e

Glo

bal

Within one year

Within 1


Before 2020

(Target for GEnS)

By 2050

MSFD

WFD

CAP CFP Potential Conflict with CFP

IMP

Assumes 25 year national MSPs for the nearshore and shelf environments

Complications for oil and gas development

Challenges and uncertainties

• Building and sustaining maritime coastal communities

• Long and short term costs and benefits • Setting a socially acceptable vision • Smarter, minimum impact competitive

technologies • Planning the unknown and unmapped • Dealing with cumulative impacts • Conservation: A moving target with

climate change

• Sustaining productive seas

Key future roles for science

• Understanding ecosystem services • A smart(er) observation system • New ways of mapping the seas • Understanding how ecosystems work and

their natural cycles • Measuring and modelling the

consequences of global change • Measuring multiple impacts and

developing meaningful indicators • Developing smarter technologies • Improving knowledge of the connections

between humans and the sea • Visioning the future – horizon scanning

and scenarios

• Devising and comparing options for sustainable use and conservation

Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue growth · Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue ......

Documents

Transcript of Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue growth · Harnessing natural capital to deliver blue ......