The Region:

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South Asia and Sanitation Monitoring

• The region has held 4 sanitation conferences to date.

Sacosan V is planned for Kathmandu, 11-14th November

• Monitoring is integral to South Asian regional meetings on

sanitation. SACOSAN II in 2006, committed to reporting

against a common set of indicators to be developed by the

Inter Country Working Group (ICWG).

• The objective: To develop harmonised monitoring

mechanisms with roles and responsibilities clearly

defined, using agreed common indicators which measure

and report on processes and outcomes at every level

including households and communities, and which allow

for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for marginalised

and vulnerable groups

Common Indicators for monitoring sanitation and hygiene across South Asia

Outputs/Outcomes Indicators

Access/Practice 1. % of household using improved sanitation

2. % of household practising open defecation

Health and

Education

1. % of schools with functional toilets separate for

boys and girls

2. % of schools having functional hand washing

facilities

Equity 1. The gap in improved sanitation coverage by wealth

quintile

2. % of total sanitation budget allocated and utilized

for poor and

marginalized

Finance 1. % of total sector budget allocation to sanitation

and hygiene

2. % of total sanitation and hygiene budget utilization

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Regional positioning and coherence

• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

(SAARC) –organisation of 8 SA nations for economic and

social progress.

• A recognition that challenges are transborder – and so are

resources and solutions!

• In April 2012: a meeting of SAARC Health Ministers

urged member states to ‘formulate an actionable

framework to address the common challenges of

sanitation and access to safe drinking water in the region.’

• The SAARC framework that is being developed will

incorporate the regional monitoring framework agreed in

November 2012 at the ICWG in Kathmandu.

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Summary: Global Targets

1. Everyone has water, sanitation and

hygiene at home.

2. All schools and health centres have

water, sanitation and hygiene

3. Water, sanitation and hygiene are

equitable and sustainable

As elaborated by the 4 Working Groups convened in 2011 by the

JMP Programme of WHO and UNICEF and finalised in 2012.

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Targets and dates Dates Sanitation Hygiene Water

2025 No open defecation

2030 Universal adequate

sanitation in schools

and health centres

Universal adequate

handwashing and

MHM in schools

and health centres

Universal basic

drinking water in

schools and health

centres

2040 Universal adequate

sanitation at home

Progress towards safe

management of

excreta

Ground truthing and reality checks

On 27th November, 8 countries in South Asia

deliberated:

Are these goals and targets relevant,

feasible and politically palatable?

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‘Looks good, but …..’

• For countries with long conflicts and natural disaster ,

WASH and Emergencies need to be incorporated in the

targets and goals.

• The targets on open defecation (2025) looks achievable

• The targets for schools and health centers planned far

ahead of the target of open defecation (2020).

• In Afghanistan there is lesser focus on sanitation and

Hygiene , but the national WASH policy focuses on

provision of all the three component (package). However

does not detail about excreta management and equity.

‘Yes, in line- but reach higher perhaps?’

• Bhutan policies are more ambitious in terms of

dates for universal access

• Good to focus on open defecation but is it

really possible to achieve 100%?

• We recommend:

• A focus on public toilets (as well as schools and health

facilities) – particularly transit settings

• Focus on community participation to ensure ownership

• Advocacy and awareness raising at all levels

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‘In Line, ‘not new …’

• India feels that all the draft goals are in line with its current policies and commitments

• Target 1: India’s Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan has already committed to achieve the same by 2022

• Target 2: Except health centers, all others already covered in the NBA, particularly WASH in schools to be achieved by March 2013

• Target 3: A strong foundation for the same is already laid in NBA and INDIA will be achieving the same probably much earlier

• Target 4:Social Audit, Conjoint approach, focus on Equity and inclusion, Centralised database etc are already very much in support of the same.

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‘Yes but……..’

• In principle Maldives is in line with what has been

proposed for global targets. But key issues for us-

• Availability of freshwater in outer islands

• make water stocks available within atolls in

emergencies and disasters

• introduce renewable energy in water supply and

sewerage projects

• ensure water supply and sewerage facilities are

developed free from climatic change impacts (e.g sea

level rise)

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South Asia largely in line with Global..

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Focus on universality, equity, reduction in disaparities

Emphasis on participation and social audits

Clear mention of hygiene and use versus access

Strong endorsement of affordable, accessible,

functional facilities in schools.

Reccommendations from South Asia:-

Targets not ambitious enough – need something for high achievers too

Include emergency contexts, climate change impacts

In South Asia targets need to also focus on governance related

outcomes such as effective utilisation of resources and financing,

Need to reflect the importance of community participation and advocacy

High population density targets must include public WASH facilities

THANK YOU!

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Detailed targets

Target 1: by 2050 no one pratices open defecation,

and inequalities in the practice of open defecation

have been eliminated.

Target 2: By 2030 everyone uses a basic drinking

water supply and hand washing facility when at

home, all schools and health centres provide users

with basic drinking water supply and adequate

sanitation, hand washing facilities and menstrual

hygiene facilities and inequalities in access ...have

been eliminated.

Detailed targets contd. Target 3: By 2040 everyone uses adequate

sanitation when at home, the proportion of

the population not using an intermediate

drinking water supply service at home has

been reduced by half, the excreta from at

least half of the schools, health centres and

households with adequate sanitation are

safely managed and inequalities in access to

each of these services have been

progressively achieved.

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Detailed targets contd.

Target 4: all drinking water supply,

sanitation and hygiene services are

delivered in a progressively affordable,

accountable and financially and

environmentally sustainable manner.

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Objectives behind the targets

• Progressive realisation through:

– increasing the numbers of people using the

services

– Reducing inequalities

– Increases in service levels

• Progress in schools, health centres and

households

• Achievement of universal coverage by 2040

• Sustained coverage over the long term

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