Hardwork Xd

8/12/2019 Hardwork Xd

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PHOTOJOURNALISM

Photojournalism is a form of journalism particularly concerned about pictures. It letsthese photos tell the news story. Some may relate it to photography but the difference is .

Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the news media. Like a writer, a

photojournalist is areporterbut he or she must often make decisions instantly and

carryphotographic equipment,often while exposed to significant obstacles like crowds, weather

and physical objects.

Characteristics:

Timelinessthe photos should be about recently published news events.

Objectivitythe scene captured should not be biased. It should have a distinct and

precise representation of the situation the journalist is covering.

Narrative- the pictures should be connect with other news elements to make facts

relatable and culturally acceptable.

Tips on taking pictures

Study the subject and do not

Forget the background Use the light that exists naturally
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter


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Get faces. Not backs Avoid posed pictures

Capture emotions

Observe the rule of thirds


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Activity #1

Paste a picture of a scene that you want and make a caption in 2-3 sentences

Activity #2

Collect pictures that depict the given situation and paste in the space given below

What: A rally Where: outside a public office


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Quiz

Make a caption out of the following pictures.

1.

__________________________________________________________

2.

_________________________________________________


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3.

____________________________________________________

Quiz #2

I. If the statement is correct, write True. If the statement is false, change the underlined

phrase to make the statement correct.

____________1. Photojournalism is a form of journalism particularly concerned aboutpictures.

____________2. The photos should be about past published news events.

____________3. The journalist is exposed to significant obstacles like crowds, weather, and

physical objects.

____________4. The pictures should not connect with other news elements to make facts

relatable and culturally acceptable.

____________5. Observing the Rule of Fifths is a must.


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EDITORIAL

An Editorialis an article that states the opinions of the writer. It may be used to reflect theopinion or the stand of the periodical. It is written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of any

newspaper, magazine or any written document and is classified under the heading of opinion.

Editorials should have :

1. Introduction, body and conclusion - Like other news stories, editorials need a complete

composition in order for the readers to completely understand the issue stated. It is rude to open a

complex issue, leave it hanging and expect the reader to fully understand what you are implying.

2. An objective explanation of the issue.3. A timely news angleEditorials should focus on recent issue and events rather then digging

up issue form the past.

4. Opinions from the opposing viewpoint that refute directly the same issues the writer address

5. The opinions of the writer delivered in a professional manner - Good editorials engage issues,

not personalities and refrain from name-calling or other petty tactics of persuasion.

6. Alternative solutions to the problem or issue being criticized - Anyone can gripe about a

problem, but a good editorial should take a pro-active approach to making the situation better by

using constructive criticism and giving solutions.

7. A solid and concise conclusion that powerfully summarizes the writer's opinion. Give it some

punch.

Types of Editorials:

1. Explain orInterpretEditors use this type of editorial to explain a sensitive,

controversial or enigmatic subject. It is also used to enlighten readers about certain topics

that require delicate explanation. This type of editorial lets the readers be aware of their

surroundings.

Example :

Agricultural land on sale

More than a year after oral arguments, the Supreme Court has voted to uphold almost all of

the controversial Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. Only four of 19 assailed provisions

were declared unconstitutional. This means that this legal sword of Damocles we feel


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hovering above our heads has been pared down, made smallerbut it remains poised in

midair, a continuing threat to the fundamental freedoms of speech and expression.

It doesnt matter, as President Aquino said the day after the ruling came down, that the newlaw was not meant to curtail these basic freedoms. Intention is one thing; the use of the law

to harass, intimidate, or persecute those on the wrong side of the political or legal or popular

fence is entirely another.We know this from painful experience; libel in the Philippines remains a criminal offense(unlike in most other countries), and it has been used and continues to be used, not so much

to convict journalists, as to impede, or even to influence, their journalism.

To be sure, the Courts decision to strike down some of the onerous provisions wasgoodnews. We welcome, for instance, the ruling on the infamous takedown clause, or Section

which would have allowed the Department of Justice to restrict or block access to

databases or websites without need for a court order. Even Solicitor General Francis

Jardeleza agreed that the clause, which gave the executive branch a sort of veto on thefundamental right of free speech, was constitutionally impermissible; it would have been

strange for the Court to preserve a provision that the chief government lawyer himself did not

attempt to defend.Jardeleza had also expressed reservations about another controversial provision, saying

Section 12, which allows real-time collection of computer traffic data, should be amended to

specify the need for prior court authorization. In the wake of the Edward Snowden

revelations, however, the possibility of grave abuse of real-time data collection by asprawling or unscrupulous government has loomed large over this provision. The Courts

finding of Section 12 as unconstitutional is thus doubly welcome.

But the laws hurriedly inserted provision on online libel has been preserved. On Sept. 20,

2012, in a front-page editorial, we had noted thus: The Cybercrime Law takes thedangerously outmoded provisions on libel in the Revised Penal Codeand dumps them

online.

To be sure, the Court has now limited the scope of the dumping. According to Courtspokesperson Ted Te, the justices ruled that online libel was not unconstitutional withrespect to the original author of the post but unconstitutional only when it penalizes those

who simply receive the post or react to it. In other words, only the original story or post

carries a legal liability.This is, again, a welcome step. Our Sept. 20 editorial, A blow against free speech (the first

of many editorials we have written on the Cybercrime Law), we posed four hypothetical

questions; the first three were illustrations of the social-media dilemma many Filipinos facedunder the new law: Would forwarding a possibly libelous article by e-mail, or tweeting the

link to someone elses offensive video, or liking a problematic post on Facebook, be

considered online libel, too? We are pleased that the Court has categorically said no to all of

the above.But the Court has not only upheld the extension of libel laws to the online space; it has also

upheld the new laws raising of the penalty by one degree. This sets the campaign for the

decriminalization of libel at least two steps back.

In that first editorial, we attempted to pinpoint those who we thought were ultimatelyresponsible for the Cybercrime Law: The burden of responsibilityand it is a heavy one,

with historical consequencesremains with the legislators who voted for the new law, and

with the President who enacted it. To that cautionary list, and while mindful of the


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mitigating aspects of the ruling that came down the other day, we can add the justices of the

Supreme Court.

2. Criticize - This type of editorial is used to criticize actions, decisions or situations that

are interesting enough for the readers. Its purpose is to let the readers know the problem,not the solution.

Example:

Trash talk

Canada? It doesnt seem to compute. One of the most ecological-minded countries on earth, not

to mention among the friendliest, with warm and stable relations with much of the international

community unlike its pushy, more problematic neighbor to the southwhy would a country like

Canada be caught in an attempted smuggling into the Philippines of trash mislabeled asrecyclable plastics?

Last week, the Bureau of Customs was able to intercept a shipment of 50 container vans of

plastic trash at the Port of Manila. The shipment came from Canada. Did that countrys

government have any hand in the literally malodorous move to try to dump its garbage in another

countrys backyard? Details are hazy at this point, but Canadian activists are themselves enraged

at the news, and blame their government for it.

We are deeply embarrassed at how government policies here have caused such bad behavior by

some toward the environment and the good people of the Philippines. This is a disgrace, Buddy

Boyd of Zero Waste Canada was quoted as saying.

This is not, of course, the first time that the Philippines became the intended dumping ground forthe detritus of other countries. In 2012, a US naval ship dumped toxic waste in Subic. The

contractor that extracted the waste from the US Navy vessel Emory Land claimed that the

material had been pretreated before it was released into Philippine waters, but the commander of

Emory Land himself said the ship had no waste treatment facility, which was why third-party

contractors had to be hired.

After the usual hue and cry, the issue quickly vanished from the headlines. No report of

recompense has come in for the violation of environmental laws, or of any rehabilitation effort

that the US Navy and its designated contractor have done to mitigate the damage to Subic

waters.

Late in 2006, similar outrage greeted the news that the Philippine government under the thenpresident, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, was about to sign the Japan-Philippines Economic

Partnership Agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, which activists said

would have legalized the importation into the country of toxic wastes and hazardous materials

from Japan. The Philippines, it turned out, was the one that pitched the offer; the Japanese

government said it would only forward waste to the country if the Philippines would officially

allow it.


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The Jpepa was signed in 2007 and ratified by the Senate in 2008, but the public outcry

fortunately spooked the negotiating parties into drafting two side agreements stipulating that

Japan would not export hazardous waste to the Philippines, and that provisions in the Philippine

Constitution and other pertinent laws on public safety and environmental protection are

observed.

Its worth noting that, in all three cases, the countries involved are well-known for their own

progressive ecological policies. Canada, the United States and Japan are technologically

advanced countries with strict regulations on the treatment and disposal of garbage; the

protection of their air, water, and other natural resources; and the promotion of the health and

wellbeing of their citizens. Indiscriminate dumping of toxic waste within their borders merit

severe penalties. Why, then, do they appear to be cavalier about forwarding their effluents and

rubbish to other nations?

That can only be because other countries with venal or weak governments are only too willing to

accommodate them. It boggles the mind to recall that the Arroyo administration itself had

offered the possibility of hazardous waste imports into the country to sweeten the trade deal with

Japanbut only as a negotiating tactic, it said then.

One of the items included is what we call hazardous toxic wastes, said Peter Favila, the then

trade secretary, in January 2007. It does not mean that we allow them to ship waste to us If

we didnt do it, we would be forced to offer another product. Its a negotiation strategy.

If the public hadnt smelled a rat, of course, and raised a stink about it, that provisional offer

would have become permanent. That sort of public vigilance remains crucial at this time,

because, even as the Philippines struggles with its own waste disposal problems (about 75

percent of rubbish found in Manila Bay is composed of plastic waste, 25 percent of it plastic

bags, according to the EcoWaste Coalition), it may end up becoming the dumping ground of

other countries without a firm No, not everfrom the government.

(copied from http://opinion.inquirer.net/71782/a-continuing-threat)

3. PersuadeEditorials of persuasion are built for the readers to know the solution, not the

problem. From the beginning of this editorial, the readers are encouraged to take a

positive action.

Example:

An editorial on class sizes in schools

As a senior at Patrick Henry High School, Ive noticed that the greatest problemfacing public schools is large class size. For the past three years, certain circumstances

have allowed me to attend smaller classes in English and history. Now the pilot program

is over, and I am once again enrolled in regular-size classes. Comparing the former

experience with my current situation, in which my English class is comprised of more

than 40 students, the advantages of smaller classes become readily apparent. In my

current English class, effective teaching and learning have been sacrificed to the


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administrative advantage of fewer classes holding greater numbers of students. Although

in terms of test scores the class has been deemed successful, student participation in such

a large class is limited to a select few; individual conferences with the teacher are hard to

get due to the sheer number of students; and papers take weeks to get graded. In smaller

classes, however, it has been my experience that all students participate, classes are more

focused and on task, and the teacher develops a closer relationship to the students. These

factors allow students to learn and develop their abilities. They also allow teachers to

effectively critique their students' work. Moreover, in small classes, students can develop

working relationships with one anothera camaraderie nonexistent in larger classes. If

the public school system were to cut class size in half, to approximately 15 to 20 students

each, the benefits would manifest themselves immediately. If we wish to improve the

level of education in public schools today, we must reduce class size.

(copied from

http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/m

carew/Grade%209%20English/persuasive_paragraph_sam

ple.htm)

4. Praisethese editorials commend or acknowledge outstanding people or organizations

for doing something well. Although, they are not as common as the other three.

Example :

A Tribute to Henry M. Fales

The mentor of my postdoctoral studies, Henry M. Fales died on Thursday, October 28, at age 83.It is with great sorrow that I accept this fact. Hank, as he encouraged us all to call him, hasaffected the lives of many scientists in a very positive way. My experience is only one example

for all of us who went away as a better person after meeting him.

Hank allowed me to work in his lab at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, USA) as a

volunteer after my maternity leave when my research proposal was not yet granted. He knew thatI had taken a long break to take care of the childrennot to mention the fact that I was not

trained in his field of research, natural compounds and mass spectrometry, to begin with. Hank

gave me a chance and I did my best not to disappoint him. We ended up working very well

together since he liked to teach and I was eager to learn. It was Hank who formed the massspectrometrist when I was unsure of my abilities. It was also Hank who showed me the fun in

scientific work and most importantly, he demonstrated how to perform research without elbows.He gave his coworkers a feeling of comfort especially in times when experiments did not gowell. It was remarkable to me, an outsider and foreigner, to note that everyone who had worked

with Hank at one point radiated this social competence so that I had the great fortune of being

accepted in a circle of extremely kind people who were moreover dedicated to highest-qualityscience. I found my way learning from Hank; it was his influence that I became a scientist.

Hank took away from me the fear that I might break an expensive instrument and encouraged me


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to go to the lab and try out new ideas. Introducing me to the liquid-junction ion source (Anal.

Chem. 1998, 70:4463) he is mainly responsible for the fact that I now take apart any ion source

and adapt it according to experimental need. In that he was the trigger, which eventually led tothe discovery of ions from living fruit flies (Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 387:3311) and the

ionization mechanism tentatively termed field-based ion generation (FBIG). This issue contains a

last joint work never published: reference data of the fragmentation of single amino acidsprepared by electrospray.

Hank was Honorary President of this journal supporting it from the start. He kindly shared some

of his experiences with mass spectrometry in its second issue, published in 2007.Sadness finds many expressionsmine was a Wikipedia entry for Henry M. Fales. The obituary

by Michael Gottesmann, Deputy Director for Intramural Research of the NIH, describes Hank as

simply one of the best people in our intramural program. It would be no exaggeration to

claim he was one of the most collaborative and loved investigators on the NIH campus for thelast 50 years.

Writing and Editorial

1. Choose a significant news topic from a timely news angle that would interest the readers.

2. Collect information, data and facts. Do research and objective reporting.

3. State your opinions briefly in the fashion of a thesis statement. Make sure that the reader

is not confused on your stand.

4. Explain the issue objectively as a reporter would and tell why this situation is important

5. Give opposing viewpoint first with its quotations and facts

6. Refute (reject) the other side and develop your case using facts, details, figures,

quotations. Pick apart the other side's logic and

7. Concede a point of the oppositionthey must have some good points you can

acknowledge that would make you look rational.

8. Repeat key phrases to reinforce an idea into the reader's minds.

9. Give a realistic solution(s) to the problem that goes beyond common knowledge.

Encourage critical thinking and pro-active reaction.

10.Wrap it up in a concluding punch that restates your opening remark (thesis statement).

11.Keep it to 500 words; make every work count; never use "I"


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Activity #1

Create an editorial of any kind using one of the topics below

- K-12 Education system - Legalization of Marijuana

- Death of Tado Jimenez - Senators involvement in the PDAF scam

- Cyber Sex - PBA Finals

Quiz #1

Identify the type of editorial used in the following examples

1. Its been said before and well say it again: The Philippines Michael Christian Martinezmade history just by hitting the ice at the Sochi Winter Games, whether or not he qualified

for the final round of the mensfigure skating competition. But qualify he did, ultimately

finishing 19th in a field of 24 and leaving the distinct impression that he is a seriouscontender to watch on the Olympics stage in the future.

(copied fromhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/71612/historic-2)Type used: __________________________________

2. The appearance of potential states witness Ruby Tuasonat the hearing yesterday(Thursday) of the Senate blue ribbon committee can be described in one word:underwhelming. She began the hearing, the eighth that the committee has conducted to
http://opinion.inquirer.net/71612/historic-2http://opinion.inquirer.net/71612/historic-2http://opinion.inquirer.net/71612/historic-2http://opinion.inquirer.net/71612/historic-2


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investigate the so-called pork barrel scam, surrounded by a waiting publics highestexpectations. She left it, some five hours later, attended by more questions thananswers.

(copied fromhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/71554/not-enough)Type used: ________________________

3. Three not unconnected moments from the annual homecoming rites of the Philippine MilitaryAcademy last Saturday: Former senator Panfilo Ping Lacson called on his fellow PMA alumni to liveby the academys honor code, Secretary Manuel Mar Roxas II joined the parade of alumni as anhonorary member of the Class of 1984and members of the Class of 1976 denied reports thatcontroversial businessman Cedric Lee had ever been adopted as an honorary classmate

(copied from http://opinion.inquirer.net/71650/honor-in-the-pma)

Type used : _______________________

Quiz #2

Make an editorial out of the given cartoon
http://opinion.inquirer.net/71554/not-enoughhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/71554/not-enoughhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/71554/not-enoughhttp://opinion.inquirer.net/71554/not-enough


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CARTOONING

~ A Cartoon, or an Editorial Cartoon, is form of a two-dimensional visual art. It is also anillustration containing a commentary that usually relates to current events or personalities. They

are also called Political Cartoons.

Editorial Cartooning

~ Editorial Cartooning is the activity or occupation of drawing cartoon for newspaper and

magazines.

Making an effective Editorial Cartoon

1. Only one idea is being dealt withto many ideas can confuse the reader about the true

meaning of the cartoon.

2. It must be humorousit makes the opinion of the editor a bit more interesting.

3. It exerts influence on the reader

4. It is realisticfor the reader to understand the cartoon easier, there should be hints about

the actual appearance of the issue.

5. It entertains the readerit is a better cartoon if it is a little bit more interesting.

Different ways to present your Cartoon

1. Make your cartoon humorous.

2. Exaggerate some parts of the issue that are easily missed

3. Combine two events, even though they are unrelated.

4. Use pun in playing with the words.

5.

Steps in making a Cartoon

1. Know the main issue that you wish to draw a cartoon.

2. Decide the perspective or the angle you want to emphasize

3. Always remember the papers target readers.

4. Start doodling/making sketches


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5. Illustrate through the use of effective symbols that fit the general opinion of the editorial

staff on the issue

6. Draw your final cartoon.

Tips in Cartooning

Focus on one topic only limit the use of words and labels

Simplicity is encouraged as long as Present accurately the issue

Message is clear


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Activity #1

Given the space below, make an editorial cartoon about the pork barrel scam

Activity #2

Given the data below, draw an editorial cartoon

What: Typhoon Yolanda

Who: President Aquino

Where: Tacloban


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Quiz

Make a title and a lead about the given cartoon

1.

2.

Hardwork Xd

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