Department of Electrical EngineeringNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS’ TRAINING

AND RESEARCH, Chandigarh-160019May, 2012

PRE THESIS SYNOPSIS PRESENTATIONON

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR MITIGATION OF TRAIN WASTE AT RAILWAY STATIONS

 

Under the Supervision of:

Dr. S. Chatterji Professor & Head

Presented by:Yogesh Kumar

ME (I & C), Modular Reg.No.08-TTC-96 Roll No. 526

CONTENTS Introduction

Literature review

Proposed work

Methodology

Expected outcome

References

INTRODUCTION

In the year 1836 a small piece of rail-line was laid near Chindadripet in Madras, now is in Chennai.

In the year 1849 East Indian Railway (EIR) Company and Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIP) Company granted financial guarantee for construction and operation of rail-lines in India.

In the year 1853 First Railway line from Bombay to Thane was inaugurated on 16th April 1853 by GIP Railway.

In the year 1854 First Railway line in East from Howrah to Hoogli was inaugurated on 15th August 1854 by EIR.

INTRODUCTION In the year 1891 toilets in third class coaches introduced.

In the Year 1895 first Indian built steam locomotive by Ajmer Workshop.

In the Year 1903 Kalka-Shimla Railway opens for traffic.

In the Year 1936 air-conditioning introduced in passenger coaches.

In the Year 2006 Garib Rath introduced for common people with the facilities of AC Class at affordable fares and Munabao (India) – Khokrapar (Pakistan) rail link was restored on 18.2.06.

In the Year 2007 a universal common train enquiry telephone No. 139, introduced throughout the country.

In the Year 2008 Highest ever surplus (before dividend) of Rs. 25.000/- crore earned and highest ever freight loading of 794 million tonnes achieved during fiscal 2007-08 and First ever train service flagged-off in Kashmir Valley on 11-10-08.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTIONToilets in Transporting bodies

There are four type of toilet in Indian railways

Modular Toilet

Advantage

It is controlled discharge toilet

It avoids dirtying station Fig.1.1 Modular Toilet

Disadvantage

Cost is very high about 7.5 lac / coach

INTRODUCTIONToilets in Trans. bodies contd..

Hopper Toilet

Advantages

It is a oldest toilet.

It is a very cheap.

DisadvantageFig. 1.2 Hopper

Toilet

It spoils the environment.

INTRODUCTIONToilets in Trans. bodies contd.. Vacuum Toilet

AdvantageThere is direct discharge of excretaNo odourNo spoilage of environment

Disadvange

It is very costly Fig.1.3vacuum Toilet It require high MaintenanceThere is limited duration of usage

INTRODUCTIONToilets in Trans. bodies contd.. Chemical Toilet – this type of toilet is used is aircraftAdvantage

It is used in densely populated areaNo environment spoilage It is odourless

DisadvantageIt is costlyIt need to be regularly emptied

Fig.1.4 chemical toilet

INTRODUCTIONEXCRETA-RELATED INFECTIONS

Cholera Typhoid Hepatitis PolioCryptosporidiosis

LITERATURE REVIEW

Raghuram G, “Trains and Toilets” Research and Publications of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad, December ,2008 .

Introduction to Various types of toilets

Problem due to feces at Railway stations

The Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on India Railway

Estimated the generation of fecal matter about 274000 litres

Hopper toilet is the oldest and simplest in Indian Railways

Pik-Yiu Chan , Enderle J.D., “ Automatic door opener” , Proceedings of the IEEE 26th Annual Northeast conference on  Bioengineering Conference, pp 139 – 140,  August 2002.

Air compressor , Tank pneumatic Cylinder are used to open and close the door

TXM-418-RM, RXM-418R-M used for transmission and Receiving of signals

Signal is decoded by the use of Holtek HT-694.

FPS 110 chip is used as a finger print sensor

LITERATURE REVIEW

Nagaratnam, Y., Wai Kit Wong,  “Miniature Digital Pin-Number Lock”, proceeding of Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development, pp 686 - 691, June, 2010.

Introduction to 3x4 having 16 keys and 4x4 which have 12keys. LCD screens : Monochrome and colourfull.

Some facts about PIC 18F1620 and 8051 microcontroller such as size and features.

DC motor and battery are required for turning of tumbler.

LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW

Chande P. K., Sharma P. C., “Microprocessor-Based Flow Measurement System”, proceeding of IEEE international conference on industrial electronics, vol. 32, no. 2, may 1985.

Atleast a pair of ultrasonic transducer (transmitter and Receiver) is required for the measurement of flow of liquid.

This measurement system operates under the control of Intel 8085 microprocessor.

LITERATURE REVIEW R. Bonert , “Design of a high performance digital tachometer with

a microcontroller,” IEEE transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.38 ,  No. 6, pp 1104 – 1108, August, 2002.

Speed can be sensed by the use of techometer.

A tachometer consists a shaft encoder and electronic circuit.

Speed can be evaluated by (a) Direct pulse counting (b) Single

pulse time measurement

Shaft encoder gives pulses which is proportional to the speed of

shaft.

INFERENCE DRAWN OUT OF LITERATURE REVIEW

Following are the inferences drawn out of literature review:

Ultrasonic sensor can be used for distance measurement.

Atleast two input parameter are required for reliable operation.

A alarming tone to make toilets free from user can be achieved by simple buzzer.

8051 microcontroller is suitable for this and easy to use.

Techometer circuit can be used as speed sensor.

Locking mechanism may be designed by dc motor or solenoid.

The investigator found that the controlled discharge type toilets are very costly and it is not feasible to install in all trains.

The cost of this hardware is very small and it is ideal for the passenger trains.

The installation of this hardware will control the discharge of fecal matter.

It mitigates the waste at stations and create hygnic environment which reduce the health problems.

SCOPE OF THE WORK

PROPOSED WORK

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR MITIGATION OF TRAIN WASTE AT RAILWAY STATIONS

The author proposes following work in this thesis:

To design a prototype of a train.

To design a hardware for speed as well as distance sensor.

To install the hardware on the prototype of train.

To check the result.

PROPOSED WORK BLOCK DIAGRAM:

METHODOLOGY

The Flow-Chart Showing the Stepwise Execution of the Proposed Work is as below:

EXPECTED OUTCOME After designing and implementing the proposed work, the investigator anticipates that the following expected outcome:

Remarkable reduction in excreta discharge at Railway stations which results in reduction of the extra requirement of sweepers.

Reduction of excreta, cause reduction of foul smell and the possibilities of diseases. The railway station will be free from odour and pathogens.

REFERENCES

[1] Raghuram G., “Trains and Toilets”, Research and Publications of Indian institute of management Ahmadabad, December,2008.

[2] Osamura K., Kobayashi, S., Hirata, M., Okamoto, H.,  “Power assist control for slide doors using an ideal door model”. Proceeding of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, PP. 1293 – 1299, 18 November, 2008, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

[3] Strolz M., Mortl A., Graf M., Buss M., “Development, Control, and Evaluation of an Actuated Car Door” ,pp 170 - 180 ,Vol. 2, No. 3, May 2009.

[4] Pik-Yiu Chan , Enderle J.D., “ Automatic door opener”   Proceedings of the IEEE 26th Annual Northeast on Bioengineering Conference, pp 139 – 140,  August, 2002.

[5] Dibyahash Bordoloi, “A Disaster Management Network for Indian Railways” Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, pp  253 – 254,  July, 2008.

REFERENCES [6] Sergio Chanchavac, Amol Jain, David Pham, William Pruehsner, John D.

Enderle, “Wheelchair Assist Devices”   Proceedings of the IEEE 27th international  Bioengineering Conference, pp 97 – 98,  August 2002.

[7] Chanchavac, S., Jain, A., Pham, D., Pruehsner, W., Enderle, J.D. “Wheelchair assist devices”,  Proceedings of the IEEE 27th Annual Northeast On Bioengineering Conference, pp 97 – 98,  August 2002.

[8] Dai Qiang Wang , ShiYou Gao , Yu Qing Chen , Yi Wang , Qiao Liu , “Intelligent Control System Based on CAN-bus For Car Doors and Windows”, 3rd International Conference on   Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification in Communication , pp 242 – 245 ,  October, 2009.

[9] Bonert, R., “Design of a high performance digital tachometer with a microcontroller” , IEEE Transactions on  Instrumentation and Measurement , pp 1104 - 1108 , No 6, Vol.38 , August, 2002 .

[10] Kim J.C., Lee S.H. , Lee D.Y., Lee J.H., Jeong W.C., Park H.J. ; Mok I.S., “ Single-chip implementation of a 32-bit microcontroller for motor drive” , Proceeding of Eleventh Annual IEEE International on ASIC Conference , pp  3 – 6 ,  August, 2002.

.

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manufacture of an automatic wrapping machine”, International IEEE/IAS Conference on   Industrial Automation and Control, pp 698 – 701,  August ,2002.

[12] Charles E., “Teaching Microcontrollers”, Proceedings of 26th Annual Conference of Frontiers in Education, pp 434 – 436, Vol. 1,  August, 2002.

[13] Yong Tae Park , Sthapit, P., Jae-Young Pyun, “Smart digital door lock for the home automation”, proceeding of the IEEE Region 10 Conference on TENCON 2009, pp 1 – 6, January, 2010.

[14] Nagaratnam, Y., Wai Kit Wong,  “Miniature Digital Pin-Number Lock”, proceeding of the Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development, pp 686 - 691, June, 2010.

[15] Xiujun Li,Gerard C.M. Meijer.,"A Microcontroller-Based Interface for

Active Sensors",proceeding of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement

Technology international conference St Paul, Minnisota, USA, May 18-21,

1998.

REFERENCES

[16] Hongbo Wang, Kasagami, F., “Development of Motor Controller Based on PIC”, proceeding of the International Conference on Convergence Information Technology, pp 1102 – 1107, January, 2008.

[17] Mehmood, M.O., Khawaja, A., “Firmware and hardware design of a novel door locking system”, SOUTHEASTCON '09.proceeding of the IEEE international conference, pp 132 – 136,  July ,2009.

[18] Ranjit, S.S.S., Tuani Ibrahim, A.F.,  Salim, S.I.M.,  Wong, Y.C.,  “Door Sensors for Automatic Light Switching System”, proceeding of the third UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation, pp 574 - 578 28, December, 2009.

[19] Ravi Tejwani, Chetan S Solanki “360° sun tracking with automated cleaning system for solar pv modules”, proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Mumbai, India, pp. 002895 – 002898, June20-25, 2010.

[20] Shruti Gangadhar ,“An Intelligent Road Traffic Control System”

proceeding of the 2010 IEEE students’ Technology Symposium”, IIT

Kanpur, pp 115 – 119,April 3-4,2010.

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Vyshak K V, “Automated Pick and Place System”, proceeding of the 2010 international conference on Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Bangalore, India, pp 682 – 686, Sept.10-12, 2010.

[22] Chintan Mehta, Jaimini Soni, Chirag Patel , ”microcontroller based multi-

storey parking”, proceeding of the international conference on current

trends in technology,Nirma University,Ahmdabad, pp 1-4,December 8-

10,2011.

[23] Chande P. K., Sharma P. C., “Microprocessor-Based Flow Measurement

System”, proceeding of IEEE international conference on transactions on

industrial electronics, vol. 32, no. 2, may 1985

[24] Rohit Sharma, Karandeep Singh Dhingra, Nikhil Pandey, Rahul Garg, Rohit Singhal, “Electric Field and Ultrasonic Sensor Based Security System”, proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, pp 423-425, 2010.

any queries/suggestions please………………

THANK YOU