Hardware software comparisom

Hardware & SoftwareTaufiq H. Ghilan

[email protected]

Agenda or Summary Layout

What is Hardware ?

Hardware components

What is Software?

What are Software Types ?

Software key features

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3Relationship between Hardware & Software

Conclusion

Introduction

Computers Has Made Our Life Different. They Changed Our Behaviors, Habits, And Even Our Course Of Life.So, What Are Computers? What Is This Creature Made Of? And, Does It Have A Body And Soul?Lets Navigate Deeper To Know More….

Introduction

What is Hardware ?

Hardware ComponentsMotherboard

• Electronic components including all embedded ICs;

• Central processing unit, CPU;• Memory, Random Access

Memory; • Sound Card;• Video Card; and • Network Interface Card, NIC.

- It is a Collection of physical components that comprises the computer system.- Something that can be touched. It is the body of the computer

What is Hardware ?Continued…

Central processing unit – also called “ CPU”, a Processor, “ The Chip”, or Microprocessor. CPU is often described as the brain of the computer. CPU is an integrated circuit which processes instructions and data. CPU has many types, i.e. Intel Pentium processors, AMD Athalon Processors, and Sun Microsystems Sparc Processors.CPU speed measured by the number of completed instruction cycle per second.CPU has different families depending on the usage of the processor of the platform of the computer using it, i.e. laptop processors, workstation processors, servers processors, smart phones processors.


Random Access Memory, RAM – it is the waiting room for the computer’s “ CPU”. Holds instructions for processing data, processed data, and raw data. RAM is measured by: capacity ( in Megabytes or Gigabytes), and speed ( in nanoseconds) Amount of Ram installed determines :

Which software applications will run efficiently?All applications has certain memory requirements listed on their package for the minimum and recommended memory.

How many applications can be opened simultaneously ?RAM are cost-effective to and upgrade and easy to install.


Sound Card – it has line-in, line-out, and microphone interfaces. process sound signals from digital to analog and vise- versa. Microphone interface sends the sound waves to the PC to be then processed, recorded, and saved in the PC. line-out interface sends the digital signal of the voice from the PC to other media like speakers.Line-in interface receives analogue signal from analogue device, like tape-recorder, and process it in the PC in digital form.


Video card – it is connected on the Motherboard, sometimes integrated, and has inside and outside interfaces on the case of the computer. process the picture from the digital form to the analogue form to be displayed on the monitor.Has a small microprocessor that is used to process the picture details like the 3D and the high density pictures.Has a separate memory of its card for high definition of the pictures.Developed a lot in the past years high resolution cards with multiple interfaces of multiple purposes has high price reaching the price of PC itself, $ 2000.

Network interface card – it is used to connect the computer to the network and share data with other computers or devices.

What is Hardware ?Continued..

Pointing device•Touchpad;•Trackball;•Mouse; and•Touch- screen.

StorageFixed storage - hard-disk Drives.

Removable data storage :•Optical disc drive: CD/DVD RW discs.•Floppy disk;•Memory Cards; and•Flash Disk.

What is Hardware ?Continued..Pointing device – is used to guide the user on the screen to access different objects and icons on the screen.

Has many forms:•Touchpad – used in laptops to move the mouse cursor•Trackball – A small ball especially on laptops used to move the cursor of the mouse to perform specific action;•Mouse – An external device used to move the cursor on the screen in Graphical interfaces; and•Touch- screen – An electronic sensitive screens that translates the movements of the finger into signals understood by the operating system to perform specific action.


Storage – Electronic devices that store, retrieve, and save data.Forms of Storage

Fixed storage - hard-disk Drives. It is a magnetic storage device used to store, OS, applications, and data.

Capacity started in kilobytes, now in Gigabytes & Terabytes.

Removable data storage :• Optical disc drive: CD/DVD RW discs.• Floppy disk – started capacity in Kilobytes up to 2.88 Megabytes, and finally disappeared from the market industry;• Memory Cards – new technology that has great demand and many new devices, i.e. digital cameras, are using it; and finally• Flash Disk- a media that is using flash memory technology to store data on demand, plug, save or retrieve, then go…

Capacity & speed are important factors when selecting a new storage device or media.

What is Hardware ?Continued..Output devices

• Monitor;• Printer; and • Speakers.

Input devices• Keyboard • Scanner;• Microphone;• Webcam;• Joystick;


Output devices – receives different digital signals, i.e. video, audio, data, and translate them into different forms according to the ending device, i.e. Monitor, Printer, speaker.

Types of output devicesMonitor – h transforms the digital signal into an analogue type and display the picture on the screen.

Has different types, i.e. CRT, LCD, LED. Has different resolution capabilities, some with HD & 3D features.Printers – receives digital data and process it to produce printed copies on paper.

Different types – dot matrix, ink jet, laser jet, bubble jet. Has different resolutions when printing on paper. Colored or black & white Different paper sizes used according to the model and type of printer.

Different printing speeds. Multipurpose printers has capabilities of scan, copy, print, and send to fax or e-mail.

Speaker - transforms the digital signal from computer into analogue signal, sound waves.


Input devices – Receives different signals from different devices, i.e. scanners, microphones, webcam, joystick, and keyboards and translates the output into the proper form.

Types of output devicesKeyboard – process the finger strikes into an electronic signals that is translated into different characters, by a decoder, then sent to the computer to perform the actions.

Scanner – process the light signal into digital signal and send it to computer to display the image captured using special software.

Microphone – transforms the sound wave signal into an electronic signal and computer process it into a digital form to be heard using speakers or headphone.

Webcam – used to take pictures and video streaming images. Widely used in internet chatting.

Joystick - useful in education as an adaptive or assistive input device.

What is Hardware? Continued..

Computer Case One of the most important components that is used to include all the primary components inside, motherboard, RAM, CPU, Sound/NIC cards, VGA cards, etc.

Packaging the Computer

The physical forms of the general purpose computer:

• All follow general organization:•Primary memory• Input units•Output units•Central Processing Unit

• Grouped according to: speed, cost, size, and complexity.

Super Computers

Mainframe Computers

Minicomputers

Microcomputer

Palmtop Computer

Calculator

Fast Expensive Complex Large

Slow Cheap Simple Small

What is Software ? It is collection of computer programs & related data that instructs the computer what to do and how to do it. The term was coined to contrast to and distinguish it from the term hardware. It is like the soul that brings life to the hardware.It is something that can not be touched but sensed.It s the interpreter between the human and the machine.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

What are Software types ?

Software

Application

software

Programming Language software

Operating system

software

Software

It is designed to operate the computer hardware.It provides platform for application to run.Examples: Microsoft OS, Unix OS, Linux OS, Sun Solaris OS .

Are used to assist a programmer in writing computer programs.Has tools to create, debug, maintain other applications of programs.Examples: C, Java,C++, PHP, HTML.

Software developed to perform in any task and utilize the hardware capabilities. Examples: Microsoft office, SAP, Norton Anti-virus Program.

Operating System Software

Programming Language Software

Application software

Software Key Features

Reliability & Quality• Any software should be reliable to well accepted.

•Software that has many errors and faults are considered to have bugs and needs more test.•Big software companies such as Microsoft, Sun Microsystems has testing departments.

Updates and service packs are used by the users of the software to eliminate bugs and make it more reliable.

Software Key Featurescontinued…

License•software has license agreement that enables the user to use the software legally.

ExecutionIn order to use the software:•it should be installed on the operating system.•the computer is able to execute the software by passing instructions from the application, to the operating system.•then the hardware that, at the end, receives the instructions as machine code to carry out certain operation.

Software Key Features continued…

Documentation•software has to have documentation to let end user understand the program, what it can do, and how to use it.

Relationship between Hardware & Software

Moving Information Within the Computer

Without the integration between Software and Hardware, computers will never be able to speak with us.Software is like the blood in the artery of the hardware, without it computers are pile of metal pieces.Software instructs the hardware to move information from place to place.Software without hardware is only an imaginary creature that only exists in our minds.


How do binary numerals move into, out of, and within the computer?

• Information is moved about in bytes, or multiple bytes called words.•Words are the fundamental units of information.•The number of bits per word may vary per computer.•A word length for most large IBM computers is 32 bits= 4 bytes= 1 word:


Bits that compose a word are passed in parallel from place to place.

• Ribbon cables: • Consist of several wires, molded together.• One wire for each bit of the word or byte.• Additional wires coordinate the activity of moving information.• Each wire sends information in the form of a voltage pulse.

We Conclude That Computers Are Two Parts, Software & Hardware, That Can Never Be Useful Without Its Two Components.Software And Hardware Are Complimentary To Each Other and That Made It A Creature With Two Components. That Is The Secret Behind This Mysterious Creature That Changed Our Life…

Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. (n.d.). retrieved October 9, 2012, from what is the typical configuration of a computer sold today?: http://www.tec-search.net/en/group/77669/central_processing_unit2. Google. (n.d.). retrieved October 9, 2012, from http://www.google.com3. Poirot, d. (n.d.). retrieved October 9, 2012, from www.tcet.unt.edu: www.tcet.unt.edu/weblibrary/ppt/hwswb.ppt4. Wikipedia encyclopedia inc. (n.d.). retrieved October 10, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/internet_in_yemen

Hardware software comparisom

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