hardware & ROM

8/9/2019 hardware & ROM

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ROM

Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level

Third level Fourth level

Fifth level

The ROM chips haveprogramspermanently stored

For i/o drive and bootstrap for the system

Beginning a the

address OFFFFO.It is BIOS

AT motherboard

27128*2=32B


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RAMSIMM & DIMM

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Second level Third level

Fourth level Fifth level


Third level



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SIMM & DIMM

Single in linememory module

Using DIP memory

chips or 4Mb ramusing in SIMM

80286 cpu on the AT

mother board isconfigured.

7 DMA channels.

DDR2

PC2-3200 = 400 MHzdata & strobe / 200MHz clock foraddress and control

PC2-4200 = 533 MHz

data & strobe / 266MHz clock foraddress and control

PC2-5300 = 667 MHzdata & strobe / 333


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PROCESSOR

80486 DX2 ceramicPGA package.

Pga pin grid array.Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level


Fifth level


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SOCKET 1



Fifth level

Introduce 1989 16-50Mhz

Socket 1 was the

second of a series ofstandard sockets createdby Intel.

various x86

microprocessors wereplugged.

Socket 1 was a 169 pin.

PGA socket.


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SOCKET 2




Socket 2 was one of the seriesof sockets into which various x86microprocessors were plugged.

It was a 238-pin.

pins arranged in a 19 by 19 grid.

63 or 83 MHz Pentium OverDriveprocessors.


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SOCKET 3



Fifth level

It was commonly found alongsidea secondary socket designed fora math coprocessor chip, in thiscase the 487.

Socket 3 resulted from Intel's

creation of lower voltagemicroprocessors. An upgrade toSocket 2, it rearranged the pinlayout and omitted one pin sothat 3.3 V processors could notbe plugged into older 5 V only

sockets.

Socket 3 was a 237-pin.

INTRODUCE 1991.


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SOCKET 4



Fifth level

Socket 4, presented in 1993,was the first CPU socketdesigned for the early Pentiumprocessors

Socket 4 was the only 5-volt

socket for the Pentium. AfterSocket 4, Intel switched to the3.3-volt-powered Socket 5.Socket 4 does support a specialPentium OverDrive, which allowsrunning at 120 MHz (for the 60

MHz Pentium) or 133 MHz (forthe 66 MHz Pentium).[1]

273 PINS

PENTIUM PROCESSOR USED.


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SOCKET 5



Fifth level

Socket 5 was created for thesecond generation of IntelPentium processors operating atspeeds from 75 to 133 MHz aswell as certain Pentium

OverDrive and Pentium MMXprocessors with core voltage3.3 V

320 pins, this was the first socketto use a staggered pin gridarray(PGA).

Socket 5 was replaced by Socket7.

50-66Mhz bus speed.

Processors: Intel Pentium, MMX

AMD K5IDT WinChi C6


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SOCKET 6



Fifth level

235 pin

Bus speed 25MHz33MHz

40MHz.


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SOCKET 7



Fifth level

socket on a personal computermotherboard.

The socket supersedes theearlier Socket 5, and acceptsPentium microprocessors

manufactured by Intel, as well ascompatibles made by Cyrix/IBM,AMD, IDT and others.

Introduce 1994 50-66 Mhz speedbus.

Pin 321.


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SUPER SOCKET 7



Fifth level

It allow AMDprocessors only.

Introduce 1998.

66-100 Mhz busspeed.

Pin 321


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SOCKET 8



Fifth level

Socket 8 has a uniquerectangular socket with 387 pins.

It supports a FSB speeds rangingfrom 60 to 66 MHz, a voltagefrom 3.1 or 3.3V, and support for

the Pentium Pro and the PentiumII OverDrive CPUs. Socket 8 alsohas a unique pin arrangementpattern.

Intel pentium pro.


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SLOT--1



Fifth level

With the introduction of the PentiumII CPU, the transition from socket toslot had become necessary, becausethe CPU's core and the cache are twodifferent chips on a shared circuitboard.

Pin 242.

Slot type.

Celeron (Covington, Mendocino)Pentium II (Klamath)Pentium III (Katmai)- all versions

Pentium III (coppermine).

66-133 mhz.

Introduce 1997.


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SLOT--2


Third level


INTRODUCE 1998.

INTEL PENTIUM XEONPROCESSOR.

PIN 330.

100-133 MHZ.


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SLOT - A




INTRODUCE 1999.

AMD ATHLON.

SLOT TYPE.

242 PINS.

100 MHZ.

Advanced MicroDevices


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SOCKET 370



Fifth level

Introduce 1999.

Pentium 3

Celeron, Via cyrix 3,Via c3

1.27MM PIN SIZE.

66-133 mhz.


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Socket A

/ socket 462Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level


Fifth level

Introduce in 2000.

Processor : AMD AthlonAMD DuronAMD Athlon XPAMD Athlon XP-M

AMD Athlon MPAMD Sempron.

462 pins.

400 MT/s (megatransfers/second)fsb in the later models.


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Socket 423



Fifth level

Introduce 2000.

Designed for P4.

Pins 423

Pin 1mm dia

400 MT/s.


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SOCKET 478



Fifth level

Introduce 2000.

Processor : IntelPentium 4

Intel CeleronIntel Pentium 4 EEIntel Pentium M.

Pin 478.1.277mm.

Speed 400-800 MT/s

(100-200 MHz)

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