Hardness, Water Softening - Lime-Soda ash process

7/22/2019 Hardness, Water Softening - Lime-Soda ash process

1/22

Dlrfemss lef Rltmr ^oatmeieb

Fr. Lkmplti ^. Pmffy

Lssoniltm Xroamssor

^ndoog oa Memrby lef MeviroecmetVdlplr ]eivmrsity, Xltilgl


2/22

Dlrfemss Dlrfemss: cugtivlgmet cmtlg ioes (fi or cugtivlgmet nltioes) tdlt

aorc prmnipitltms witd solps

@lsmf oe tdm dlrfemss wltmrs lrm nglssiaimf ls ôat wltmr (8-28 cb/G),

Cofmrltmgy dlrf wltmr (28-

-, Ô60-, Ng-, EO>

-, îO>0- , XO6

>-

Dlrfemss nltmborims

Nlgniuc Dlrfemss (Nl0+D), Clbemsiuc Dlrfemss (Cb0+) lef VotlgDlrfemss (VD) `lsmf oe tdm rmspoesi`gm nltioes

Cb0+D 3 V D - Nl0+D

Nlròeltm Dlrfemss (ND) lef Eoe-nlròeltm Dlrfemss (END) `lsmfoe tdm lssoniltmf leioes

ND is lgso keowe ls tmcporlry dlrfemss (ìnlròeltms) lef it nle`m rmcovmf `y òigieb lef `y gicm (NlO or Nl(OD)0)

END (lgso keowe ls pmrclemet dlrfemss) is lssoniltmf witd Ô60-lef Ng-- nle `m rmcovmf `y sofl lsd &gicmuelaamntmf y òigieb


3/22

Dlrfemss Ia Lgklgieity 7 VD, tdme ND 3 Lgklgieity

Ia Lgklgieity VD, tdme ND 3 VD

END 3 VDVotlg Lgklgieity ^ofiuc Lgklgieity 3 Votlg LgklgieityVotlg Dlrfemss (VD)

Cmtdof usmf aor dlrfemss cmlsurmcmet: MFVL (Mtdygmem-filciem-tmtrl-lnmtin lnif) cmtdof

Mriondrocm @glnk V is iefinltoraorcs nocpgmx witd armm MFVL lef

ndlebm nogour aroc rmf to `gum @oigieb oaa lef aigtmrieb rmcovms tmcporlry dlrfemss lef pmrclemet

dlrfemss nle `m usmf

Nlgniuc dlrfemss is lgso cmlsurmf `y MFVL cmtdof `ut latmrprmnipitltieb tdm Cb lt pD lef usieb fiaamrmet iefinltor (nlgnoe)

Dlrfemss is mxprmssmf ie cb/G ls NlNO>lef lt ticms ie cmq/G

Noenmetrltioes ie cb/G nle `m noevmrtmf ieto cmq/G `y fivifiebwitd mquivlgmet wmibdt oa tdm spmnims

T cb/G oa Nl0+3 T/08 cmq/G oa Nl0+(08 is mqui. wbt. oa Nl0+)

T cb/G oa Cb0+3 T/)

T cb/G oa NO03 T/00 cmq oa NO0(00 is mqui. wbt. oa NO0)


4/22

Lt 54.> pD nlr`oe fioxifm foms eot mxisit

Lt 5


5/22


6/22

Cmlsurmcmet oa Nlgniuc dlrfemss ^lcpgms pD is rlismf to ~ aor prmnipitltieb clbemsiuc ls

dyfroxifm lef eot lggowieb its rmlntioe witd MFVL - ie tdm titrltioewitd MFVL, nlgnoe (Dyfroxy elpdtdog) is usmf ls le iefinltor

Xrmgicielry titrltioe to aief lpproxicltm vogucm oa MFVL emmfmf

Vo tdm slcpgm, lff l amw frops oa pogyvieyg lgnodog lef


7/22

Rdy to soatme wltmr lef `y wdlt cmtdofs? Dlrf wltmr aorcs snlgms ie wltmr dmltieb systmcs gikm `oigmrs

Aorcs aolc/gmltdmr witd solp lef ienrmlsm tdm solp noesucptioe

Rltmr soatmeieb pronmssms Ioe-mxndlebm pronmss

Gicm-sofl lsd pronmss

Lfvletlbms (lef fislfvletlbms) oa tdm gicmsofl lsd pronmss

Vdm gicm lffmf to wltmr ie tdm pronmss is totlggy rmcovmf. VF^ (totlg fissogvmf sogifs) oa tdm wltmr is sibeiainletgy rmfunmf

Gicm lgso prmnipitltms tdm sogu`gm Am lef Ce

Mxnmss gicm trmltcmet nle provifm fisieamntioe (tdroubd rlisiebtdm wltmr pD!) lef lif ie tdm nolbugltioe pronmss

Pmcovlg oa eoe-nlr`oeltm dlrfemss rmquirms sofl lsd lefwdme sofl lsd is lppgimf, El+ rmclies ie tdm aieisdmf wltmr

^ndmcms oa wltmr soatmeieb `y gicm-sofl lsd pronmss

Mxnmss gicm trmltcmet

^mgmntivm nlgniuc rmcovlg

^pgit trmltcmet


8/22

Iefinms(fmsnriìeb `mdlvior oa NlNO

>ie wltmr)

Glebmgimr ^lturltioe Iefmx (GÎ) lef Pyzelr ^tlìgity Iefmx (PÎ)

Glebmgimr ^lturltioe Iefmx (GÎ)

L nlgnugltmf euc`mr fmvmgopmf `y Rigarmf Glebmgimr (1)

It prmfints tdm NlNO>stlìgity oa wltmr (wdmtdmr tdm nlròeltm wigg

prmnipitltm, fissogvm, or rmclie ie mquigi`riuc) lef stltmf ls

GÎ 3 pD - pDs

pDs (tdm pD lt wdind wltmr is slturltmf ie NlNO>) is nlgnugltmf `y

pDs 3 (9.> + L + @) - (N + F)

L 3 (Gob


9/22

Iefinms(fmsnriìeb `mdlvior oa NlNO>ie wltmr)

Rltmr witd le GÎ `mtwmme -8.= lef +8.= wigg eot fispgly ley

ciemrlg fissogvieb or snlgm aorcieb propmrtims GÎ 5 8 iefinltms supmr-slturltioe oa wltmr witd NlNO>lef tmefmeny oa

prmnipitltioe oa NlNO>snlgm glymr - GÎ 7 8 iefinltms uefmr-slturltmflef fissogutioe oa sogif NlNO>

Pyzelr ^tlìgity Iefmx (PÎ)

Fmvmgopmf aroc mcpirinlg o`smrvltioes oa norrosioe rltms lef aigcaorcltioe ie stmmg clies

Fmaiems ls PÎ 3 0 pDspD (cmlsurmf)

PÎ `mtwmme 1.= lef 2.8 iefinltms tdlt tdm wltmr is lt slturltioemquigi`riuc witd nlgniuc nlròeltm

PÎ 5 4 iefinltms wltmr is uefmr slturltmf lef tmefs to fissogvm leymxistieb sogif NlNO> PÎ 7 1.= iefinltms supmr-slturltioe oa wltmr witd NlNO> lef tmefmeny

to aorc NlNO>snlgm

Mxlcpgm: aief GÎ lef PÎ aor tdm wltmr witd pD 3 2.=; VF^ 3 >08cb/G; Nlgniuc 3

; Lgklgieity 3 >6cb/G (or ppc) ls NlNO>


10/22

Gicm-ôfl lsd pronmss: Ndmcistry L ndmcinlg prmnipitltioe cmtdof - usms gicm (NlO/Nl(OD)0)

lef sofl lsd (El0NO>)

Gicm rmcovms nlròeltm dlrfemss (ND), lef ôfl lsd rmcovmseoe-nlròeltm dlrfemss (END) aroc wltmr

Dlrfemss is rmcovmf ls Nlgniuc Nlròeltm (NlNO>) lefClbemsiuc Dyfroxifm (Cb(OD)0) prmnipitltms

Vdm gicm lffmf airst rmlnts witd NO0to aorc nlròeltm

prmnipitltm lef tdme witd nlròeltm dlrfemss Cb0+ND dlrfemss rmlnts witd gicm to aorc CbNO>& NlNO>ppt.

CbNO>ie ture rmlnts witd gicm lffmf to aorc Cb(OD)0ppt.

Oem cogm oa Nl0+ND rmquirms oem cogm oa gicm

Oem cogm oa Cb

0+

ND rmquirms two cogms oa gicm Gicm lffmf noevmrts Cb0+END ieto Nl0+END lef aorcs

NlNO>ppt.

ôfl lsd lffmf noevmrts Nl0+END ieto NlNO>prmnipitltm

Pmcovlg oa < cogm oa Nl0+END rmquirms < cogm oa sofl lsd

Pmcovlg oa < cogm oa Cb0+END rmquirms < cogm mlnd oa gicmlef sofl lsd


11/22

Gicm-ôfl lsd pronmss: Ndmcistry NlNO>lef Cb(OD)0lrm sgibdtgy sogu`gm ie wltmr

8.1 cmq/G (>8 cb/G ls NlNO>) oa NlNO>lef 8.0 cmq/G () oa Cb(OD)0fo eot `m rmcovmf tdroubd nolbugltioe-agonnugltioe-smttgieb/aigtrltioe

Vdmormtinlg soguìgity oa NlNO>is lef Cb(OD)0nlermsugt ie mlsy snlgiebrmnlròeltioe ievogvieb noevmrsioe oa

tdm dlrfemss ieto Nl0+

lef Cb0+

ìnlròeltm is prlntinmf Ie tdm


12/22

Gicm-^ofl lsd pronmss: Ndmcistry Rltmr witd dibd clbemsiuc dlrfemss rmquirms mxnmss gicm

trmltcmet (to ienrmlsm oa pD to 5


13/22

Gicm Lffitioe

Gicm lef sofl lsd lffitioe

0>00>

0>00>

0>00

DNONlODNONlNO

DNOCbODNOCbNO

ODCbNONOODCb

Pmnlr`oeltioe


14/22

@lr filbrlcsdowieb ioe nocpositioe oa wltmr

]smf ie

fosm nlgnugltioes oa gicm, sofl lsd lef nlròe fioxifm aor soatmeieb

prmsmetieb tdm ioein nocpositioe oa wltmr `maorm, latmr lef latmr

rmnlròeltioe stmps oa soatmeieb

Dls two rows, l top row sdowieb nltioes (NO0, Nl0+, Cb0+, El+, lef

K+) noenmetrltioes lef l òttoc row sdowieb leioe (OD-, NO>

0-,

DNO>-, Ô6

0-, Ng-, EO>-) noenmetrltioes ie cmq/G

T cb/G oa Nl0+3 T/08 cmq/G oa Nl0+ (08 is mq. wmibdt oa Nl0+)

T cb/G oa Cb0+3 T/)

T cb/G oa NO03 T/00 cmq oa NO0(00 is mq. wmibdt oa NO0) Ioe `lglenm is usmf ls tdm `lsis aor fmnifieb tdm lnnmptlìgity oa

rmsugts prmsmetmf ie tdm `lr filbrlc

Ioe `lglenm sdougf `m 7=% aor rmsugts lnnmptlìgity


15/22

Dypotdmtinlg noc`ieltioe oa positivm lef embltivm ioes ie tdm wltmr slcpgm


16/22

L wltmr soatmeieb nlsm


17/22

L wltmr soatmeieb nlsm(Ndmcinlg rmquirmcmets nlgnugltioe)

L wltmr soatmeieb nlsm


18/22

L wltmr soatmeieb nlsm(ioe nocpositioe latmr lffitioe oa soatmeieb ndmcinlgs


19/22

L wltmr soatmeieb nlsm(ioe nocpositioe latmr lffitioe oa soatmeieb ndmcinlgs


20/22

Mxnmss gicm trmltcmet

Vrmltcmet is foem ie 0 stlbms (mlnd stlbm iengufms l rmnlr`oeltioestmp), lef tdm aielg maagumet is aigtmrmf

Ie tdm


21/22

^mgmntivm nlgniuc dlrfemss rmcovlg systmc

Rltmr dlvieb Cb0+dlrfemss 768 cb/G ls NlNO>is su`jmntmf to tdissndmcm oa wltmr soatmeieb

Cb0+

dlrfemss is eot rmcovmf dmrm@otd nlròeltm lef eoe-nlròeltm dlrfemss oa Nl0+lrm rmcovmftdroubd fosieb òtd gicm lef sofl lsd

Mxnmss gicm is eot lffmf

Vdm pronmss is nlrrimf out ie l siebgm stlbm


22/22

^pgit trmltcmet

Xlrt oa tdm rlw wltmr is `yplssmf tdm airst stlbm soatmeieb lef tdm rmstis soatmemf `y mxnmss gicm (aor ND rmcovlg)

Arlntioe `yplssmf is fmnifmf oe tdm rmquirmcmet oa sltisayieb 68 cb

Cb+0/G ls NlNO>ie tdm aieisdmf wltmr

Mxnmss gicm, lffmf ie tdm

Hardness, Water Softening - Lime-Soda ash process

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