harbour and docks lecture

8/13/2019 harbour and docks lecture

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Road Stead

The berthing condition within the area of

water close to shore providing good hold

for anchoring and to protect naval vessel

from storm. Two categories

1. Natural road stead

2.Artificial road stead

* A partly off shore anchorage area


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Natural Road steadArtificial Road stead


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Classification Of Harbor

Based On Utility

There are four types of harbors based on

utilitiesHarbor of refuge

Commercial harbor

Fisheries harborMilitary harbor


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Harbor Of Refuge

This harbor is used for ships in storms, it

may be a part of commercial harbor.

Good anchoring facilities Facilities for repairs to the damaged

ships

Ready accessibility from high seas.


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Commercial harbor

The harbors where facilities for loading or

unloading of cargo are provided.

For handling cargos docks and berths are

provided.

Storage sheds

To avoid delays good and quick repair

facilities Sufficient space for loading and

unloading


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Fishery Harbors

The harbors provided for fishing using

crafts and trawlers.

Loading and unloading facilities These should be constantly open for

arrival and departure of fishing ships.

Quick dispatch( harbor connected torailway, road)

Refrigerated storage, cold storage.


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Military Harbor

Harbors are meant for accommodating

navel crafts and serves as an

ammunition supply depot.


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Harbors Based On Location

There are four types of harbors based on

location

Canal harbor Lake Harbor

River Harbor

Sea or Ocean harbor


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Canal harbor

Harbors made on canals are known as

Canal Harbor.


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Lake Harbor

Harbors made on lakes are known as lake

harbors
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/Harbors/Portage_Lake.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10365_10884_18317-44362--,00.html&h=304&w=380&sz=29&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=U4LrKj81s3o35M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlake%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den


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River Harbors

Harbors made on

river are known

as River harbors.
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u29/goislands/large/2217438.46foahu13jan99.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/goislands/image/2217438&h=518&w=800&sz=51&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=5sH7SGKJmmLmYM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg/800px-Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg&h=501&w=800&sz=55&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=E5kF11GzOv1-AM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/ashtabula/Ash-River-north.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/ashtabula.html&h=293&w=400&sz=27&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=-bOu8F7W4dnrTM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den


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Ocean Harbors

Harbors constructed on sea or ocean are

called Sea/ ocean harbors.
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geerts.com/images/holland/rotterdam.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.geerts.com/holland/holland-modern.htm&h=329&w=422&sz=31&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=6i-mvJWJAv7Y5M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geerts.com/images/dordrecht/harbors/sea-garbor.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.geerts.com/dordrecht/dordrecht-buildings2.htm&h=553&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=fbtu63sLmDLzaM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den


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Typical layout Of Artificial harbor


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Features of a harbor

Approach channel

Turning basin

Break water Pier head

Jetties

Berth

Wharves


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Terms Related ToShips

By Engr. Saadia TabassumDepartment Of Transportation Engineering And Management, U.E.T, Lahore


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Buoyancy

In physics, buoyancy is the upward force on anobject produced by the surrounding fluid (i.e., aliquid or a gas) in which it is fully or partiallyimmersed, due to the pressure difference of thefluid between the top and bottom of the object.

The net upward buoyancy force is equal to themagnitude of the weight of fluid displaced bythe body.

This force enables the object to float or at leastto seem lighter.

Buoyancy is important for many vehicles suchas boats, ships, balloons, and airships.


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Buoyancy


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Hull

A hullis the body of a ship or boat. It is

a central concept in floating vessels as it

provides the buoyancy that keeps the

vessel from sinking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hullform-3D.PNG


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Bow

The bowis a term

that refers to the

forward part of the

hull of a ship or boat,the point that is most

forward when the

vessel is underway.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Bow.jpg


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Bow

The bow is designed

to reduce the

resistance of the hull

cutting through waterand should be tall

enough to prevent

water from easily

washing over the topof it
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dbow%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=3060&h=2036&imgurl=www.pirateplanet.com%2FFlorida_Vacation_1%2FShip_Bow.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pirateplanet.com%2FFlorida_Vacation_1.html&size=1.4MB&name=Ship_Bow.jpg&p=bow+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=23,997&oid=ecf7511be37a5130&ei=UTF-8http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dbow%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=500&h=471&imgurl=static.flickr.com%2F77%2F179386849_ff962e74cb_m.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F83287853%40N00%2F179386849%2F&size=148.3kB&name=179386849_ff962e74cb.jpg&p=bow+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=17&tt=23,997&oid=1db17c45c0eed38a&fusr=zero+g&tit=MEXICAN+NAVY+TALL+SHIP+CUAUHTEMOC-OUTBOARD+PORT+BOW+PROFILE-+FIGUREHEAD...&hurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F83287853%40N00%2F&ei=UTF-8&src=p


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Stern

Stern is the rear-most part of the hull.

The stern is the rear

part of a ship or boat,technically definedas the area built upover the sternpost.

The back of the shipis called stern


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Portside

Portsideis the left

side of the boat when

facing the Bow

Portsideis thenautical term (used

on boats and ships)

that refers to the left

side of a ship


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Starboard

Starboardis the

right side of the boat

when facing the Bow

Starboardis the

nautical term that

refers to the right

side of a vessel


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Stem

Structural member of

the extreme forward

end of the ship.


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Keel

A structural keel is alarge beam which thehull of a ship is builtaround.

The keel runs in themiddle of the ship,from the bow to thestern, and serves asthe foundation or

spine of thestructure, providingthe major source ofstructural strength ofthe hull.


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Keel


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Beam

Width of the ship at the middle section at

water line


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Water line

Waterlinerefers to an imaginary line markingthe level at which ship or boat floats in thewater.

To an observer on the ship the water appearsto rise or fall against the hull

Temperature also affects the level becausewarm water provides less buoyancy, being lessdense than cold water

Likewise the salinity of the water affects thelevel, fresh water being less dense than saltyseawater.


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Water line

In other words Waterlineis an imaginary linecircumscribing the hull that matches thesurface of the water when the hull is not

moving.


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Load Line

The line showing the weight

level up to which they can be

legally loaded.

The purpose of a load lineisto ensure that a ship has

sufficient freeboard and thus

sufficient reserve buoyancy

The line shows the maximum

capacity load the ship maycarry. The depth to which a

boat can be safely loaded.
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dload%2Bline%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=400&h=400&imgurl=www.plimsoll.org%2Fimages%2F18280_tcm4-22842.JPG&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plimsoll.org%2FResources%2FSCCPlimsollProject%2F9012.asp&size=24.3kB&name=18280_tcm4-22842.JPG&p=load+line+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=1&tt=67&oid=90b36cfe9dc26c8e&ei=UTF-8


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The International Load Line shows where

fully loaded ships should sit in waters of

different density.

It used to be called the Plimsoll Line, after

the person who invented it.


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Free Board

Freeboard, in sailing and boating, means the

distance from the waterline to the upper deck

level, measured at the lowest point where water

can enter the boat or ship.

The freeboard on commercial vessels is

measured between the uppermost continuous

deck and the waterline


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Free Board
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Ship_length_measurements.png


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Displacement Load

The weight of a fully loaded ship

expressed in KNs.


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Displacement Light

The weight of a ship when fully empty

expressed in KNs.


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Dead Weight Tonnage

It represents the load carrying capacity

of a ship.

Dead Weight Tonnage=

Displacement load Displacement light


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Ballast

The weight added to a ship to improve

its stability when it has discharged its

cargo.


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Draft / Draught

When ship floats at its design water line

i.e. its load line, the vertical distance

between bottom of the ship and waterline is called draft.


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BARGES

The vessel which need lower depth of

water are called barges. Their capacityis determined depending upon the depth

of water available at the particular port.

DESIGN SHIP

The ship taken for the design of a

harbor is called the design ship.


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TUG

A powerful vessel or boat used to pull a ship to

a particular place is called a Tug.

TANKER

A ship transporting liquid material in bulk

such as oil is called a tanker.


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Berge

Tanker

Tug Boat

Tug Ship


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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

The devices such aslights, signals used to guide and warn for safe,

efficient, economic and comfortable travel ofships in water bodies are known

as navigational aids.

Lights used are of two types.1. Light houses

2. Light ships


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Light House


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TURN AHEADTurning or changingdirection by moving the front of shipforward is called turn ahead.

WAVE ACTION

A sea wave breakingagainst an obstacle generates forces,

the generation of these forces is calledwave action


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Draw a neat layout of any existing

harbour of the world.

Give details of harbour including its

name, location, berthing capacity and

other important characteristics.

Take half of scholar sheet for drawing.

Write details on a separate sheet ofpaper (A4) and attach both.

ASSIGNMENT

harbour and docks lecture

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