Harbour
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Transcript of Harbour
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Report:DIFFERENT TYPES OF HARBOURConcentrating on the classification based on Protection needed
Prepared by:
Rohi MuthyalaNIT Hamirpur
(2008-12) batch
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What is a HARBOUR ????
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HARBOUR A harbour can be defined as a basin or haven or road-stead of navigable waters well protected naturally or artificially from action of wind and waves, and is situated along sea-shore or river estuary or lake or canal connected to sea.
The harbours are classified as under: Classification depending upon the protection needed Classification depending upon the utility Classification based upon the location
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TerminologyBreak Waters: Structures constructed on coasts as part of
coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of weather and long shore drift to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it.
Road-Stead: A place outside a harbour where a ship can lie at anchor. It is an enclosed area with an opening to the sea, narrower than a bay or gulf.
Dock: An area of water for building or repairing or loading and unloading ships or ferries
Jetty: A structure, such as a pier, that projects into a body of water to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbor or shoreline from storms or erosion.
Wharf: A fixed platform, commonly on pilings, where ships are loaded and unloaded.
Port: A facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. Quay: A wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are
loaded.
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Classification of Harbour depending upon the protection needed
Natural Harbours (Eg: Mumbai and Kandla harbours)It is naturally protected.
Semi-Natural Harbours (Eg: Visakhapatnam harbour)It is protected on sides by headlands and
it requires man-made protection only at the entrance.
Artificial Harbours (Eg: Chennai harbour)It is protected from the effect of waves
either by breakwaters or by dredging.
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Mumbai Harbour
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Indira Dock, ship repair
Fishingharbour
Ferry Wharf
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Visakhapatnam Harbour
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ship repair
Harbour
Ferry Wharf
Fishing harbour
containers
Southern breakwater
1540m
East
ern
bre
akw
ate
r107
0m
North Breakwater412m
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Chennai Harbour
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Harbour
ship repair
Chennai terminalFrom the sea
Break Waters
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Ferry WharfCargo storage
Containers
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Major Ports of India
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PORTS OF CHENNAI
wheat, raw cotton, machinery, and iron and steel
iron ore, leather, and cotton textiles
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DOCKS IN THE PORT OF CHENNAI
BERTHS TOTAL LENGTH(m)
MAX. PERMISSIBLE DRAFT(m)
LENTH OF EACH BERTH(m)
JAWAHAR DOCK
6 1310 10.4 - 11 218.3
AMBEDKAR DOCK
13 1676 8.5 - 12 246(longest)
BHARTHI DOCK
3 917.2 14.6 -16.5 274.3 -338.9
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The traffic projections for the Port of Chennai
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Port of Visakhapat
nam
Soft wall gun, wax emulsion, toy wind up bird
Articles of wood kitchen & bath, coated art board etc.
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The Port of Visakhapatnam's East Quay
It has a total of 1849 meters of berths. East Quay Berths 1-4 have maximum
permissible draft of 10.06 meters. Berths 1-3 are each 167.6 meters long, and
Berth 4 is 231 meters long. East Quay 5 is 167.6 meters long, East Quay 6
is 182.9 meters long. Both berths have maximum permissible draft of
10.21 meters. East Quay Berths 7-9 are each 255 meters long
with maximum permissible draft of 11 meters.
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HARBOURS OF PORT OF VISHAKHAPATTNAM
AREA COVERED(ha.)
BERTHS DRAFT(m)
OUTER HARBOUR 200 6 17(16.5)
INNER HARBOUR 100 18 10.7-11
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PORTS OF MUMBAI
Crude oil, steam cargo, iron and steel
Molasses, oil cakes, edible oil, food grains
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PORTS OF MUMBAI
CARGO HANDLING
Contains eight berths when commissioned in 1880.When commissioned in 1888 , then total of 14 berths.
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DOCKS OF PORT OF MUMBAI
BERTHS TOTAL LENGTH OF BERTHS(m)
ALONGSIDE BERTH DEPTH(m)
INDIRA DOCK
26 228.6(each) 7-9
PRINCE’S DOCK
8 1220 6.1-6.4
VICYORIA DOCK
14 1732 6.7
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The traffic projections for the Port of Mumbai
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HINTERLAND
The hinterland is the land behind the borders of a coast or river.
Specifically, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast.
The area from which products are delivered to a port for shipping elsewhere is that port's hinterland
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Hinterland Connection- Challenges
Mainchallen
ges
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Inefficient & Efficient Hinterland Links
“A Comparison”
Inefficient Hinterland Links• It is like a congested Road traffic• Increases Supply Chain cost with consequent economic, environmental & social problems
Efficient Hinterland Links• It is like a superhighway system.• Efficient turnaround time• Cost saving & environment friendly• Boost to Hinterland economy
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Nodes of Infrastructure for Port
Success of port is a function of all the 3 major Nodes
Minimum capacity of any node determines Capacity of Port
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Indian Scenario
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SOLUTION Avoid unnecessary journeys. Upgrading more transport arteries and hubs. Cross state border transport initiatives shifting more traffic to
railways and inland waterways Environmentally friendly and climate friendly transport Good working conditions and good training in the freight
transport industry
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Why India Not Able to Achieve It?
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CARGO FORECASTING
Cargo Forecast:-Cargo handling forecast is the
most pertinent factor as it enables us in deciding upon the future infrastructure and other functional facilities required and service levels demanded.
Cargo forecasting includes two components:-
Commodity analysisMarket Drivers
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CONT….
Commodity Analysis:-
In order to understand the trade flux, the traffic analysis is carried out based on the last some year statistics of cargo volume handled at the Port. The same is presented in table which helps to analyze the transformation pattern for each major commodity individually.
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CONT…
Market Drivers:-
The traffic handled at the Port is affected by the multiple market drivers. These market drivers help in projecting the growth rates for the commodities as we look into the future and work out a traffic forecast.
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MARKET DRIVERS
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DEMAND FORECASTING
Demand forecasting is done to know about the commodities required in a particular dock.
Commodities have been split into two groups:
Major commodities Other commodities
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Major commodities
1) Coal2) Iron Ore3) Containers4) Automobiles
Other commodities
1) Fertilizers2) Grains and sugar3) Engineering goods4) Steel products5) Consumer
products6) SEZ products
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STORAGE CAPACITY AND STORAGE EQUIPMENTS
Storage capacity of docks depends upon:-
Land Available Material to be handled Storage boxes available
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CONT….Dock boxes are also known as indoor dock storage boxes or outdoor dock storage boxes. Their main objective is to provide a suitable place to keep your dock accessories safe and sound. These can also be used to store other equipment like
garden equipment pool tools blankets and toys etc.
They keep the goods dry even in harsh weathers. They can be used as an additional seat on your boats while you have your dock accessories or boat washing supplies stored in them.
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Storage Boxes
Specialty dock boxes
Triangular dock boxes
Seat top dock boxes
Standard dock boxes
Low profile dock boxes
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Storage equipment
Mobile Cranes Diesel Fork Lift Truck,
GANTRY CRANESHORE ELECTRIC CRANE
MOBILE CRANE DIESEL FORK LIFT TRUCK
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CONT….
DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCO FLOATING CRANE
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Queries……..??
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References:
www.worldportsource.com www.deloitte.com http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html Images from Google EarthInternational Journal of Offshore and Polar
EngineeringVol. 13, No. 2, June 2003 (ISSN 1053-5381)
‘Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering’ by R.SRINIVASAN
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Breakwaters
Back
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Roadstead
Back Schooner anchored in a roadstead in Sardinia, Italy
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Docks
Back
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Jetty
Back
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Wharf
Back
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Port
Back
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Quay
Back