Presented by Angelo Tamayo

Hannibal:Life after the Second Punic War

Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second Punic War:Heavy war repaymentsSurrender of all territory except the city of

CarthageSurrender of war fleet and elephantsCarthage unable to wage

war without the consent of Rome

The End of the Second Punic War

Allowed to stay in CarthageElected a suffete in 197 Fixed up the economy Attempted to abolish Carthaginian oligarchy

and attempted to introduce democratic reforms

Accused of conspiring with King Antiochus III of Syria against Rome and went into voluntary exile

Hannibal the Politician

Fled to Antiochus III at Ephesus to organise an invasion of Italy

Granted a minor naval commandLost to Rhodes in naval combat at Magnesia

in 189Fled to Armenia, then Crete

Exiled

Then to King Prusias at BithyniaGranted admiralship of the navy and helped

to defeat King Eumenes of Pergamum’s fleet in 184

Rome demands the arrest of HannibalHannibal poisoned himself in his home at

Libyssa at about 183

His Death

After Hannibal’s exile in 196, Carthage focused on reviving itscommerce

Rome was already scared of a reincarnation or the likes of Hannibal

Numidians were taking advantage of the weakened state Carthage and “hit and running”

Rome rejected Carthage’s pleas for help

The Destruction of Carthage (149-146BC)

A military tribune in the Punic WarsWent to Carthage to investigate these frontier

violationsReturned to Rome even more alarmed at the

apparent wealth of the city“Carthago delenda est”

Cato the Elder

Finally Carthage retaliated and suffered a loss

This gave Rome a valid reason to interveneCarthage attempted to appease Rome

Surrendered some hostagesSurrender of engines and arms of war

The Romans then told them to abandon their city and settle somewhere at least 10 miles from the seacoast.

Carthage refused

The Consequences

Believed that Carthage couldn't be defeated without a Scipio in command

Makeshift weaponsHeld the city for three years against Scipio

AemilianusTens of thousands of people sold into slaveryThe city apparently burned for 17 daysThe site was declared accursedFields sowed with salt so that nothing could grow

there

The Sacking of Carthage

No Carthaginian records of Hannibal’s life, only Roman and Greek

Polybius enslaved by the RomansTitus Livius (Livy) was a Roman by birthRecords only pertain to his public life

The Primary Sources

Polybius

Livy

Polybius LivyFond of money to a smaller degree than publicised

Loved by his men and yet inhumanly cruel

Could unite diverse forces under one authority and command

Lay on the hard ground with his men and dressed alike them

Cruelty was a necessity First to enter battle and last to leave it

Brave and daring No toil could exhaust his body or overcome his spirit

A true leader: working and fighting with his men

Liar with no sanctity nor fear of the gods

Hannibal…Released prisoners (even if for political

reasons)Treated the bodies of the fallen respectfullyGave Paullus (one of the generals in Cannae) a

dignified funeralBrave, confident, temperate, patient, praised

for sobrietyDescribed as treacherous

Almost singularly brought Rome to the brink of destruction

Estimated 400 towns destroyed and over 500,000 Romans killed

Instigated fear in the Romans for centuries to comeHe is belittled by the Romans in later centuries and

merely seen as an “enemy of Rome”Influenced great modern military commanders

such as NapoleonIs debated by many to be the greatest generals of

all time

Impact

http://www.answers.com/topic/hannibal-barca http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html http://acaciatrilogy.blogspot.com/2005/01/misunderstanding-hannibal.html http://www.unrv.com/empire/third-punic-war.php http://wildfiregames.com/wordpress/the-game/history-articles/biographies/

biographies-carthaginian/hannibal-barca/ The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 15 (1989 Edition). Published by World

Book, Inc. pp906-7 The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 9 (1989 Edition). Published by World

Book, Inc. pp55-6 The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia Ready Reference, Volume 5

(15th Edition). Published by Encyclopeaedia Britannica, Inc. pp5-29 Hannibal - Rome's Worst Nightmare (2006) Excel HSC Ancient History Book 2 Chapter 5 Boak and Sinnigen A History of Rome to AD. 565 Chapter 8, 9, 10

Bibliography