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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TRIP AND COMPANY VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT REPORT

HANIFRAHMATULLAHNIM120820160061

MASTEROFMANAGEMENTPADJADJARANUNIVERSITY

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PART1

MarketingAnalysisReport

1.1MarketingMixinTokyoMarket

A.TsukijiFishMarket

TsukijiFishMarketislocatedinTsukijiareainChuodistrict,Tokyo.Thisfishmarketisawholesalecenterfor fishing stock of fish and agricultural products. Every single day, thismarket receives no less than2,800tonsoffreshfishsuppliesfromvariousfishingsites.

NotjustanyonecanseethefishauctionsdirectlyinTsukijifishmarket,onlythosewhowanttobuyonlyallowedtoseetheauction, it ispreviouslycausedbythenumberoftouristswhocometovisitbutdonotmakethepurchaseoffishandbotherthedirectionoffreshfishintothetsukijimarket.

B.AmeyokoMarketUeno

AmeyokoisthenameofaregionwhichisfamousasTokyosocietykitchen.Inthisplacefoodsaresoldatacheapprice.ThenameameyokotakenfromtheAmerican-yokochoorAmericanstreet,becauseinearliertimemanyproductsandpeoplefromUSwerepassingaroundinthisplace.

C.Ginza

Ginza is one of the most luxurious areas in the Tokyo area. In this area there are variousrestaurants,departmentstores,boutiques,cafes.ThemostdistinctiveoftheGinzaisthereareluxury

Product Price Place PromotionIn its development, tsukijimarketnotonlyservesasafishauctionbutalsousedasaplacetosellseafoodproductssuchascrabs, octopus, clams, andsnacks such as chips andsmoked fish. In addition, thetsukiji market is also providesready-to-eat foods such asoctopus, shellfish, crab, sushi,and other product such aswashabi peanuts, grean teaandjapantypicalsaltedfish.

The priceoffered onprocessedproducts intsukiji market isrelatively cheapfor tourists.Prices of ready-to-eat foodproducts rangefrom 50 to 500yen.

The arrangement ofthe auction places andthe tsukiji market isvery neat. Though itsells seafood, it doesnot smell fishy,muddyand very clean. Thiscausesthetouristsfeelcomfortable inshopping at tsukijimarket

tsukiji fish market isvery famous in theworld. Notsurprisingly, invarious travel sites,tsukiji fish marketbecomes one of thehighestrecommendations fortraveling as well asculinary by touristswho have visitedTokyo.

Product Price Place PromotionIn ameyo marketthere are variousculinary productsfrom variouscountries, clothing,bags, shoes,accessories and toys(anime).

Prices in ameyomarket isrelatively cheap andbecome the maindestinationoftouristswhowant to find by typicalJapanese product withaffordableprice.

The place is very wideand strategic. Thelocation that are closeto the station makesthis place are alwayscrowded by local andforeigntourists.

The ameyo market isonlyopenuntil8pm,soduring the day at theameyo market is verycrowded by visitors andtraders who competeforconsumers.

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goodsthathavetheirownbuildingbuildingssuchasAbercrombie&Fitch,LouisVuittonGucciChanel,andDior.

4.Harajuku

Harajuku is thenameoftheareaaroundtheshibuyadistrict.Thisplace isoneofthe mostlyrecommendedplace for the travelerswhile visitingTokyo. Inharajuku therearesome famousstoreslikeDaisoandothers.Inaddition,harajukuisoftenusedforartperformancesincertaintime.

1.2PESTLEAnalysis

Object:TokyoMetropolitanGovernment(TMG)

A.Political

Tokyo isaprefectureconsistingof23districts includingEdogawa,Katsushika,Adachi,Nerima, Itabashi,Arakawa, Kita, Toshima, Suginami, Setagaya, Shibuya, Nakano, Ota, Meguro, Shinaawa, Koto, Sumida,Tito,Bunkyo,Shinjuku,Minato,Chuo,andChiyoda.

Analysis:

In general, thedepartments at TMGare similar to thedepartmental division in Indonesianlocal government, but TMG divides tasks and responsibilities in more detail, in addition, there aresome departments that may not be existed in Indonesia such as Central Wholesale Market, laborrelationscommissionandofficeofyouthaffairsandpublicSafety

Product Price Place PromotionGinza providesrestaurants,department stores,boutiques, cafeswithcharacteristicsof building thatowned / rentedindividually byeachluxurybrand.

Asthecenterofluxury goods,products inGinza are quiteexpensive butcertain storesprovide tax-freefacilities thatcan be use byforeign touristsby using apassport.

In its history, Ginza weredeveloped as the center ofmoderation that madewestern a benchmark.Buildings in Ginza havearchitectural designs such aswesternmodel buildings as asymbolof theprogressof theJapanesestate.

Ginza is one of the must-go destinations for localandoverseastravelersandhas always been therecommendation of thetraveler in various media.There are manyIndonesianwhoarehavingaholidaywith their familydue to the easy to reachplace, branded productsand Car free day onweekends.

Product Price Place PromotionHarajuku is thecenter of theJapanese modewhere at aparticular momentoften filled byyoung people whodressed uniquelyor cosplaying afamousanime.

In terms of price,harajuku products arerelatively moreexpensive compared toothershoppingcenters.The place is crowdedand easy to reachresultedinpriceslightlyabove the place a lessstrategicplace

Harajuku is a alley filledwithshops that sell clothes andfood for tourists. The mainuniqueness is at particulartime,harajuku is crowdedbypeople with a unique outfit.In addition, harajuku is alsoeasilyaccessiblebecause it isclosetothestatueofhachikoandshibuyastation.

The term harajukuis very familiar inIndonesia withharajuku style inthe form of acombination ofhairstyles andclothes that followthe trend inharajukuTokyo.

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B.Economic

Tokyoisoneofworldfinancialcenterswhichtheurbanareaofhadgrossdomesticproductof $ 1,191 trillion in 2005. In addition, 47 Tokyo-based companies are mentioned on the FortuneGlobal500list.SomeofwhichisHonda,Fuji,Sony,ToshibaandSoon.

Analysis:

With47companiesenteringtheFortune500list,theeconomyinJapanespeciallyTokyohasgotaspecialplaceintheworld,knownasatechnologycenterofelectronic,medicalandautomotivemakesiteasyfortheJapanesegovernmenttoattracttheworldtocometoJapan,especiallyTokyotoconducteconomiccooperationaswellasIndonesia.

Besides,knownasatechnologycenter,Tokyoisalsoknownasashoppingcenterbothfromelectronicgoods,fashion,toitsdistinctiveculinary.ThisattractionseemstobeamagnetfortouriststovisitJapanespeciallyTokyo.TouristsfromthesecountriesdirectlyimprovetheeconomyofJapan,especially Tokyo and the surrounding area. This is supported by the management of markets andexcellent attractions of the Japanese government, especially Tokyo as well as the commitment toapplytax-freetherebyincreasingtheattractivenessoftheoriginalJapaneseproductproducts.Qualityproduct,competitivepricewithtax-freefacility,strategicplaceandintegratedwithtransportationaswell as promotion of word ofmouth by the tourists who feel satisfiedwith the experience gainedduringinJapan.

C.Social

ThemajorityofthepopulationinTokyoisinaworkingagewiththepopulationisabout8.5millionor71.4%of the totalpopulation,while the rest are categorizedas childrenandoldsterwith12%and16.6%ofthepopulation.

Analysis:

Tokyo is dominated by the productive worker, so it is not difficult for the JapaneseGovernment,especiallyTokyotoproducehighqualityproductsthatcancompeteintheglobalmarket.Inaddition, Japaneseculture isknownfor itsanimeorcartoonculture.AnimeasaJapaneseculturehasspreadtothewholeworldandconsumedbychildrentoadults.SimilarlyinIndonesia,mostofthechildren'sentertainmentcomesfromthecreativeindustries/Japanesecinema.

D.Technological

Japaniswellknownforitssophisticationinvariousindustries,particularlyindustriesrelatedto technologies such as electronics and automotive. Japan spent $ 130 billion USD on researchannually andhasmore than677,731 researchers,which is the third largestworld's largest researchanddevelopmentbudget.

Analysis:

KnownasthecenterofadvancedtechnologyledJapantohavebrandawarenessasacountryproducinghightechproducts,withgoodquality.Thisiscertainlycausedbytheamountofbudgetthatisownedandallocatedforthedevelopmentofresearch-basedtechnology.ThisneedstobeadoptedbythestateofIndonesiatoincreasetheresearchbudget,especiallyinthefieldoftechnology,sotheIndonesianlocalgovernmentisnotonlybecameaconsumerofproductsofdevelopedcountriesbutalsoproducetheirownproductswithhigh-qualitystandardbyadvanceedtechnology.

E.Legal

Japanese law basically adopted continental European law especially Germany. This is afurtherimpactoftheMeijirestorationwhichbegantomakethewesterncountrisasabenchmarkofculture,weaponryandlegalsystem.Butin1947therewasarevisionthatre-imposedthecultureandaswellaslocalJapanesebehaviorinitslegalsystem.

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Analysis:

The law in Japan is very strict, oneofwhich is the recognitionofdeathpenalty for certaincriminals. In addition, althoughnotofficially regulated,moralsbecomea standard that controls thepatternofcommunitylifeinJapan,thecultureoffeelingshametodobadthingsandobediencetothelawresultedincrimerateinJapanbecamethelowestintheworld.Similarly,theperformanceofthepolice as quoted from the site of national geographic Indonesia, states that 98% of criminal casessuccessfullyresolvedand99%ofperpetratorsbroughttocourt.

F.Environment

Japanisfamousforitscleanenvironment,althoughtherearenotrashcansinvariouscentersofthecrowd,itisraretofindwastetrashscatteredonthestreet.Similarlyinresidentialareas,eachhousehasitsownwasteandhasdivideditshouseholdwastebasedonthetypeofwastetofacilitatethewasteofficerintheseparationforrecyclingorburningprocess.Japanalsohasseveralbasicruleinpromotingarecyclingbasedsociety.Analysis:

IndonesiashouldfollowJapanculturewhichisveryconcernedwiththeenvironment,ranging

from the manufacturing rule that regulate the exhaust gas or emissions both in vehicles and inbusinesspracticesinmanufacturecompany.

1.3RecommendationsforgovernmentinIndonesia:

Based on the marketing analysis of several markets in Japan as well as PESTLE analysis ofJapanese government especially Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), the authors propose somerecommendationtoIndonesiangovernmentbothatcentralandregionalleveltoadoptwell-implementedthingsfromJapansuchas:

A.ManagementofMarket

Asoneofthecountrieswiththelargestpopulationintheworld,theexistenceofthemarketbecomesoneof the important things in supporting theneedsof public consumption.Goodmarketmanagement will increase the attractiveness for the community. Unfortunately the market inIndonesiahasnotbecomethemaindestinationoftouriststovisitinIndonesia.Slumandovercrowdedmarket conditions, poor hygiene, less competitive prices and lack of promotion have resulted inIndonesianproductsbeingnotyetapriorityfortouristsinvisitingIndonesia.Whereaswhenmanagedproperly, the market in Indonesia can be a global attraction because it can blow-up the localuniqueness in each region in Indonesia as implemented in theAmeyomarket, harajuku,Ginza, andtsukiji. The Indonesian government should start thinking globally tomarket and display Indonesianproductsnotonlytomeettheneedsofthesurroundingcommunitybutalsotoattracttheattentionoftheglobalcommunity.

B.ImplementationofEGovernmentinlocalgovernment

Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) as the highest authority in Tokyo prefecture, hasimplementedEgovernmentwell. Forexample,all Tokyo-related informationhasbeenpublishedontheTMG’swebsite.Inthiscase,eachdepartmentoutlinestheirstrategiesandreportsperiodicallythemanagementoftheTokyogovernment.ThereportpresentedisavailableinvariouslanguagessuchasChineseandEnglish,making it easier for thepublic touse the information inaccordancewith theirinterests.ItalsoshowsthattheTokyogovernmenthashighaccountabilityandtransparencyaswellasconcernforthepublicinterest.Inthiscase,theIndonesiangovernmentcanadopttheimplementationofE-governmentinTokyoandapplyittotherespectiveregionalgovernments.

C.DevelopmentofDomesticIndustry

Japan'sdomestic industry ishighlydeveloped, it is supportedbya largebudget in researchanddevelopmentinthefieldoftechnology.Thisresearchanddevelopmentshouldbeapriorityofthe

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Indonesiangovernmentwhosenationalindustryisnotwelldeveloped.Theeducationbudgetof20%of the total APBNmust be really focused to advance the technology in Indonesia so as to produceproductswithhighqualitystandardandcompetitivepricesagainstglobalcompetition.

D.Environmentalhygiene

The last point that is very important tomarketing Indonesia is to show that Indonesia is aculturedsociety,byshowingthecleanenvironment.Indonesiaisoftenthespotlightoftheworlddueto flooding and environmental destruction that occurred in various regions in Indonesia. It needs achange of mindset in environmental management so that people have shyness to pollute theirenvironment.

PartIGallery:

TsukijiFishMarket

HarajukuinTakashitaStreet

NightinGinza

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PARTII

CrossCulturalAnalysisReport

2.1CrossCulturalAnalysis

A.DifferencesinValue,beliefsandpolicies

Tokyoresidentsof themajorityareat theworkingageof15-64years.Withhighproductivityandworkcultureand its largepercapita income, thepeopleofTokyohaveahighpurchasingpower.BasedoninterviewswithIndonesianworkinginTokyo,shoppingisoneofwaytoentertainandspendtheir time. Moreovertheyalsospenttheir timetogatherwith friends inthebarwithadrinkcultureafterworkandvisittheshoppingcenteronholiday.

Intermsoffood,Japanesepeople,especiallyinTokyo,liketoconsumevarioustypesoffishandother seafoodproducts.However, recently, Japanese societybelieves thatporkwill nourish thebodyandprolongtheage,sotodayalmostallofthefoodinJapanhasamixtureofpigs.SofortheMuslimtouristsneedtocaremoreinchoosingfoodsthatareallowedtoeat.

In terms of automotive, notmany Japanese residents have private vehicles, beside the hightaxesandhighparking rates, the train transportation system in Japanespecially Tokyohaspassedalldistrictswithexcellentmanagement.Inaddition,Japaneseresidentshaveahabitofwalkingsotheydonot require a private vehicle in accommodation from one location to another. This is certainly verydifferent from Indonesia thathasbeendenseby Japanese-brandedvehicleswith low taxandparkingratesandpublichabitsincitiesthatarereluctanttowalkandusepublictransportationbothbecauseofun-safetyandun-comfort.

B.AcculturationprocessinJapan

Historically, during theMeiji reign, the Japanese legal orientation led to Europe continental,thus indirectly acculturation of culture from Europe to the government and Japanese society, one ofthemwith the constructionof Europeanmodeledbuildings inGinza as symbolofmodernization thatreferstowesterncountries.

Japanesecultureisincreasinglymixedwiththecultureofforeignculture,asseeninHarajukuasa center of Japanese fashion that refers to western culture while Japanese culture in the form ofclothingisnotwidelyusedindailylifeunlessthereareCulturalfestivalsorcustomeventsduringcertainseasons.

C.JapanWorldBrand

Tokyo is the base of the major technology companies in the world. they have manymultinationalcompanythatdominatedelectronicandautomotiveindustrysuchasToshiba,Panasonic,Sony,Honda,Toyota,Mazda,Nisan,SuzukiespeciallyinIndonesia.

TheJapanesestatehasavery largebudget inthedevelopmentof its technology.To improveefficiency.variousproductsbothautomotiveandelectronicshavedoneby robotsandpartlydonebylow-costPlantfactoriesoutsideJapansuchaschinawiththestandardizationofJapanquality.

With high quality standards and physical evidence that the Japan products have a highdurabilitywitharelativelycheapprice,Japaneseautomotiveproductshavedominatedthemarketandleft little space for the Indonesian automotive manufacturers and other countries to develop andmarket their products. Theprice is affordablewith a resilientbrand image,durable, and cheap sparepartsmakeitunbeatablethatindirectlycomplicateandincreasebarriertonewplayerstogetintothisbusiness

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2.1RecommendationsfortheGovernmentofIndonesia:

Basedonabriefdescriptionofcrossculturalanalysisabove,theauthorsproviderecommendationstotheIndonesiangovernmentbothcentralandlocalgovernment:

A.UnderstandingconsumerbehaviorofIndonesia

Understandingofconsumptionbehaviorisveryimportantindeterminingtherightstrategyfortheachievementoforganizationalgoals.ItwaspointedoutabovethatTokyosocietyhasaveryhighconsumption behavior. To accommodate this, the Tokyo government divides the central shoppingcenterbasedonpeople'spurchasingpowersuchasGinzatoaccommodatehigh-income,high-incomepeople. While the Ameyo Market to accommodate people from outside Tokyo and tourists withmiddle income and purchasing power. In addition, because the AmeyoMarket become a center oflocalandforeigntouristsvisit, theTokyogovernmentbuiltastationthatconnectsUenowithNaritaairport.

Intermsofautomotive,theTokyoGovernmentusetheJapanesewalkinghabitstobuildmasstransportation that connects the various districts and simultaneously controls the growth rate ofprivate vehicles so that traffic jam can be controlled. This should be imitated by the Indonesiangovernment to cultivate a healthy lifestyle and simultaneously build a convenient and efficienttransportation infrastructure so that congestion/traffic jam can be controlled while reducing theimpactofairpollutioninIndonesia.

B.Managingculturalacculturation

TheflowofforeignculturetoJapanisveryhigh,theJapanesegovernmententerprisingculturalfestivals to fortify the Japanese community from the adoption of excessive western culture. ThisshouldbeimitatedbytheIndonesiangovernmentthatexperiencedsimilarproblemsthatpeopleareeasytoimitatetheforeigncultureandleavethecultureorlocalwisdom.

C.Buildaglobalnationalcompany

Giventhefactthatnearly47Tokyo-basedcompaniesenteringtheFortune500list,IndonesiaGovernment should bemotivated to take advantage of globalization and to expand national brandmarketing. As known, in dealing with globalization, Indonesia is more taking the position as aconsumeroftheglobalproductofothercountries,Japanisthebestexampleof it.Tocompetewithglobal company, Indonesia must build a national company with a global scale through increasedinvestmentintechnologytodevelopsuperiorproductsofIndonesiaandtobemoreefficientsotheycancompeteintermsofqualityandpricewithothercountries.

TryingHalalRamenShinjukuwithIndonesiaCitizen

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PARTIIICompanyVisitanalysisreport

AdoptingTokyoWasteManagement

3.1WhycitiesinJapanisveryclean?

AsalosingcountryinWorldWarII,Japantakesalotoftimetorisefromadversity,whichoneofthem is a the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the nuclear bomb that became the end ofJapanese leadership inAsia.Until the 1960s, the Japanese rose to an industrialized countrywhichwasfocusedonproductivityandlessconcernedaboutenvironmentalissues.Onesuchcaseiswaterpollutionwithmercury-containingwastesby thechissoMinamataplantwhich resulted in fish contaminatedandkilled approximately 1.700 victims consisting of fisher and residents who consumed seafood fromcontaminatedsea.furthermore,asadevelopingindustrialcountry,environmentalpollutionoccurmuch,nottomentionthehouseholdwasteproblems.

In the mid-1970s it was only an environmentally-driven movement initiated by the Chinokikaicommunity in Japan that mobilized waste reduction, reuse and recycling programs. The programdeveloped and ultimately received the support of the Japanese government with legislation-orientedrecyclingofwastes,oneofthemwiththeseparationofthetypeofwastefromthestartofthehousehold.Not stop there, the Japanesegovernment,especiallyTokyo,built19waste treatmentplantsacross thedistrictwithdetailsasfollows:

Based on the above table, it is known that Shin koto inceneration plant is the largest wasteprocessingplant in theTokyoarea. .ThePlantproduces50,000kwofenergyusedasvaporatTatsumi,Tokyo international swimming ground and as a hotwater source (130 degrees Celsius) at Tokyo Sportculturebuilding.

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TheinformationofShin-kotIncinerationplantaccordingtoitsofficialwebstesareasfollows:

The Construction The Start July, 1994

The completion September, 1998

Area Approximately 61,000 square meters

The Cost Construction 87,900,003,001 1 million yen

Type of Incinerator Takuma-type HN

Full continuance combustion Fire grate Incinerator

Maximum heat capacity 13,400KJ/kg

Maximum waste capacity 1,800 tons/day (600 tons *3)

Waste management in Japan are held by clean Authority of Tokyo which is special localgovernment which Tokyo's 23 wards established jointly to perform Waste management such asIntermediateProcessingsuchasIncinerationorPulverizationofWasteandDisposalofnightsoil.

BasedonourvisitexperiencetotheshinkotoIncinerationPlant,wefoundsomesurprisingfactssuchas:

1) Thenumberofhuman resourcesemployed in the shinkotoPlant is less than60employees, thismeansthatadvancedtechnologyinJapanleadstohighlyefficiencysoitdoesnotrequirealotofhumanresources,reducessalaryburden,improvesthequalityofremuneration,Quality.BasedondirectobservationontheprocessofwastemanagementatthePlantisalsoknownthatthewholemachineiscontrolledbyacomputerthatissupervisebysomeemployeesonly.

2) ThePlantassetsonshincityincinerationarewellmanaged.ThePlantbuildingisabout20yearsoldbuthasexcellentconditionandwellmaintained,aswellasahighlymaintainedsewagetreatmentmachine.ThisconditioncanbeachievedbyroutinemaintenanceofPlantmachineryinaccordancewith adequate Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). Based on Tokyo Clean authority officialwebsite, the management of waste management in Tokyo publishes SOPs related to wastemanagementincludingoneofthegovernanceofbuildingsintheTokyoGovernment.

3) ThewastePlantinshinkotomaynotbewhatmanypeopleimagineasadirtyandsmellyplace.TheShinkotoIncenerationisverycleanandhallwayintheofficeareaislikethehallwayofthehospital,verycleanandveryneatlyarranged.Althoughmanagedawastes, noneofthescatteredrubbishcanbefoundinthePlantarea.

4) Basedon theofficialwebsiteof theCleanauthorityofTokyo, theShinKotowastemanagementplantprovidesthewidestopportunityforbothJapaneseandforeigncitizenstovisitandtourthewhole process of waste management directly and routinely invite school children to learn tomanagethewasteGoodandsocializetheimplementationof3R(Reuse,Reduce,Recycle)soastonurturetheunderstandingandcareoftheyounggenerationinprotectingtheenvironmentsincechildhood.

TheprocessofwastemanagementatshinkotoPlantisshowninthefollowingfigure:

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Thepictureabovedescribestheprocessofwastemanagementwiththefollowingprocessdetails:

1) Thefirstprocessinwasteprocessingistheselectionoftypesofwastetobeprocessed.InthiscaseShin koto incineration plant is a processing plant from household and restaurantwaste such asfoodscraps,diapers,paperorboxesofplastictrashpurchases,andsoon.Thisseparationisdonebyeachhouseholdproducingthewastewithawarenesstominimizewasteproductionbyapplyingreduce,reuseandrecycle,

2) Householdwastethathasbeenselectedandthentransportedfromvariousareas inTokyotobeaccommodatedinwastebins(wastepit)afterpreviouslyweighedfirst;

3) Piles of waste in waste bunker then transported using a crane and moved the kiln with atemperatureof800degreesCelsius.Theairorgasgeneratedfromthewastepilewillbeusedasagas for incinerator combustionwhile theash in theunderlayerof the spinningwill beusedasacement-makingmaterialandpartlysenttothelanddisposalsite;

4) Thesteamfromwaste-burningheatisthenmanagedforlateruseasaheatenergysupplementforpowergeneration;

5) Dust or ashmixedwith toxic gases is then channeled to a cooling tower to reduce heat to 150degreesCelsiustopreventdioxindecomposition;

6) Oncecooled, theairflow is then supplied to the filterbag to filter smoke,dust,dioxin,mercury,hydrogen,chloride,andsulfur.Theremainderoftheashandsmokewillbesentto landdisposalsites;

7) The resultof filteredair is thensupplied to thegas scrubber.At this stage, theair is cleanedbyusingwater and chemicals to removemercury,hydrogen, chloride, and sulfur. Thewateruse totreatmentairwillbetreatedandchanneledtothedisposal;

8) Aftercleaningbyusingwaterandchemicals,thenextstepisdecompositionofdioxinandnitrogenoxidesinexhaustusingcatalystthenairthathasbeenfreefromdangeroussubstancesflowedintothechimneytothenreleasedintotheoutsideair.

3.2RecommendationsforgovernmentsinIndonesia

Indonesiawithapopulationof220millioncertainlyhasproblemsinthewastemanagement.Forexample,Jakartaproducesabout6,000to6,500tonsofwasteperday.WhileontheBaliisland,asoneofthe central tourist visits Indonesia, produces waste to 10,725 tons per day. This is due to the lack ofunderstanding about environmental sustainability and the implementation of the concept of reduce,reuse,andrecyclesothathouseholdwastebecomesverymuch.Whilethecurrentmanagementofnewlyisestablishthewasteshelters (TPS)which laterbecameasourceofdiseaseand ledtothesurroundingslumsettlement.

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Until now, the Indonesian government does not have industrial waste-processing Plant, wasteprocessingisstillhomescaleandontheinitiativeofeachcommunity.Therefore,itisabsolutelynecessaryto implement waste processing starting from the separation of waste materials in householdenvironment,RT,RWandvillagetorecyclingprocessbasedonapplicationonshinKotoincinerationplancanyieldbenefitintheformofwastematerialwhichcanbeusedasmaterialofcementandasphalt.Inaddition,intermsofelectricity,thewastePlantcanbeonesourceofelectricitywithheatpowerandbeanalternativetotheuseofnon-renewableenergysuchasoilandcoal.

Construction ofwaste-processing plant in the regions in Indonesia requires a budget that is notsmall, takingtheexampleofJakarta,at least itneedsfourwastefactorieswithacapacityof1,800tonsperday.However,thiswastePlantcanalsogenerateanadditionalincomebylocalgovernmentbysellingheatenergyforpowergenerationneedsortheuseofwastematerialsorrecycledproductsasamixtureofcementorasphaltmaterial.ThiscanbeanalternativetothedevelopmentofIndonesia'sinfrastructurewhichisbeingintensivelyconductedbyPresidentJokoWidodothroughtheuseofmaterialsderivedfromcement andasphalt combustionwhich canbe integratedwith state-ownedor regional enterprises andwiththeuseofrenewableenergyderivedfromheatProducedintheburningofgarbageasappliedinShinkotoincinerationTokyo.

Inaddition, theconstructionofawastePlant isa final solution forwastemanagement,and it isalsonecessary topromote theprincipleof reducing, reuse and recycle (3R) to the community fromanearly age through school and community health centers. Moreover, it required central and localgovernmentregulationstoregulatetheuseofproductpackagingthathavetoabletoberecycled

Oneof thecity in Indonesiawhichbeganto imposethe local regulationsrelatedtowaste is thecityofBandung.ThecityofBandungimposedtherulesthatbegantorestricttheuseofstyrofoamduetotheabsenceofawastetreatmentplantforstyrofoaminIndonesia,aswellasthefactthatthereisstillalowawarenessof thecommunitytodisposeofwaste in itsplacesothatstyrofoamwastetcan leadtoflooddisaster.

In Indonesia, there are government regulations, namelyGovernment RegulationNo. 81 of 2012whichregulatesthemanagementofhouseholdwasteandhouseholdwaste.ThistypeofwasteiswastemanagedbyShinKotoIncinerationPlantinTokyo.Householdwasteiswastederivedfromdailyactivitiesin households excluding stools and specific waste. While the type of waste is waste originating fromcommercialareas,industries,publicfacilities,socialandotherfacilities.SeeingthesizeofthepopulationinIndonesiathenthistypeofwastecouldbethelargestcompositionofwasteinIndonesia.

InthisregulationalsoexplainsthemasterplanofwastemanagementinIndonesiawhichincludes:

1) Limitationofwastegeneration2) Recycle3) Reuseofwaste4) Sortingwaste5) Wastecollection6) Wastetransport7) Wasteprocessing8) Wastedumping9) Andfundingrelatedtowastemanagement

Thisplanisdividedintotwo,namely,wastereductionandwastemanagement.Wastereductionisdone by limiting waste generation, recycling and waste reuse, while waste management consists ofsorting,collecting,transporting,processingandprocessingofwaste.

Inbrief,thisregulationhascoveredallaspectsofwastemanagement,butinrealitythisregulationisnotrunbyrelatedpartiessuchashouseholdsandothers.Forexample,intermsofwastesegregation,thisregulationregulatesthesortingofwasteanddistinguishesitin5typesofwastesuchas:

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1) Wastewithhazardousandtoxicmaterials2) Rubbishthatiseasytodecompose3) Reusablewaste4) Recyclablewaste5) Aswellasotherwastebins

Inreality,householdwasteisnotdisaggregatedandincorporatedregardlessofitstype,makingitdifficultforrecycling,andprocessingbywastemanagementofficers.Thisisduetothelackofsocializationfrom the central and local governments on the process of wastemanagement when this governmentregulation has been 5 years mandated after its publication and the facilities provided by the localgovernment are very rare, in fact in article 17 PPNo. 81 2012 said that the district / city governmentprovides District-scale waste disposal facility and article 18 which explains that the residential,commercial,industrial,specialarea,publicandsocialmanagementareasarerequiredtoprovideTPS,TPS3Randcollectingequipmentfordisaggregatedwastethatmeetthefollowingconditions:1) Thereare5typesofwastegrouping2) Locationandcapacityasneeded3) Easilyaccessiblelocations4) Doesnotpollutetheenvironment5) Thereisacollectionandtransportschedule

Thisdirectlyillustratesthelackofcommitmentandpriorityoflocalgovernmentsinimplementingthegovernment'smandatebynotprovidingthefacilityfacilitiesinthesettlementt,industrial,commercialandpublicandsocialfacilities.

In addition to government regulations, the Indonesian government also have the IndonesianNationalStandards(SNI)inwastemanagementissuedbytheNationalStandardizationAgency(BSN)withSNINumber3242:2008onwastemanagementofsettlements.Thisstandardcontainstherequirementsand management of urban settlement waste for non B3 domestic and domestic B3 waste types(households)byapplying3Rstarting fromtheactivities in thesourceofwaste toWasteDisposal (TPS).Requirements in waste management are divided into general and technical requirements. Generalrequirements include legal, institutional, operational, financing, communityparticipationaspects.Whilethetechnical requirement in the formofplanningdata,calculationof theamountofwastethatwillbemanaged,managementclassificationandbuildingtypeandTPS,Certificationofequipmentandbuilding,andplanningaspect.

Noteworthy in this SNI is the existence of community participation as one of the generalrequirementsofcompliancestandardsconsistingof:

1) Doingwastesortingatsource2) Conducting3Rbasedwastemanagement3) Theobligationtopaycontributionsorlevies4) Fulfillmentofdefinedwastedisposalrules5) Participationinmaintainingtheenvironment6) Andplayanactiveroleinthesocializationofenvironmentalwastemanagement.

Basedonthis,communityparticipationbecomesanimportantfactorintherealizationofnational-

scale waste management by the full awareness of the community through interesting and effectiveeducation and socialization to instill awareness for the community. While in fulfillment of technicalrequirement,oneofthemconsistsofaspectofplanningdatawhichcontainsthefollowingmatter:1) Mapofhomedistribution;2) Areaofmanagedarea;3) Populationbasedonhigh,medium,andlowincomeclassification;4) Numberofhousesbytype;5) theamountofwasteperday;6) Numberofpublicfacilitybuildings;7) Roadconditions(length,widthandphysicalcondition);

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8) Topographicandenvironmentalconditions;9) AvailabilityoflandforTPSsitesandenvironmentalwasterecycling10) Characteristicsofwaste

Andthedeterminationoftheamountofwastemanagedinclude:

1) Totalpopulation2) Sourcesofwaste(shops/smallmarkets,hospitals,roads/canals,parks,placesofworship,etc.),3) Largeamountofwastepereachsourceofwaste

Basedonthisexplanation,inwastemanagement,therearemanyinaccuracyinthedeterminationoftechnicalstandardsofwastemanagementsuchastheareamanagedthatexceedsthestandardsothatthewasteaccumulatesduetoinsufficientcapacity,theerrorindeterminingtheamountofwasteinthesourceofwastesuchasthemarketsothatattheendofsellingthewasteinmarketOftenpiledupandscatteredon the streets due to thewastebasin load that is not up to standard. Therefore, a commoncommitment is required to implement government regulations to create residential, industrial,commercial,publicandsocial-friendlyareas.

In Practice, the Government of Tokyo and Indonesia have conducted international businesscollaboration through investigation of the implementation of 3R, especially in DKI Jakarta area as thecapital of the country and the business center of Indonesia which became the object in theimplementationofwastemanagementespeciallyrelatedtothehandlingofwastethatismoreabundantdue to the urbanization that developed with Very massive and became very serious issues. Thiscollaboration is conducted by conducting exchanges including training and workshops taking place inJakartaand inTokyo.Thiscollaboration isan initiationof the livingministryand theCleanAuthorityofTOKYO.ThiscollaborationresultedinaLetterofIntentcontaininganagreementbetweenthetwopartiesregardingtheawarenessoftheimportanceofsharingissuesinpromotinggoodsolidwastemanagementaswellastheexchangeofinformationbetweenthetwopartiesaswellasthejointeffortsofrealizingHRexchangesrelatedtomunicipalsolidwastemanagementasaformoftechnicalcooperationinthefuture.

Thiscooperationshouldbedevelopednotonly intheexchangeofhumanresourcesbutalsothetechnologytransfercooperation inefficientsolidwastemanagementandgeneratingeconomicbenefitsforthesurroundingcommunity.ThiscooperationalsoneedstobeexpandednotonlyinDKIJakartabutalsoinothercitylikeSurabaya,Bandung,Makassarbecausetheproblemofwastemanagementbecomeprobleminallarea.

PART3Gallery

WasteProcessingpresentationinShin-KotoIncinerationPlant

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WasteProcessingDioramainShin-KotoIncinerationPlant

References:

WasteReport2017.CleanAuthorityofTokyo

PP81tahun2012

SNI3242:2008

www.olahsampah.com

www.Metro.tokyo.jp

www.britanica.com

www.infojepang.net

http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2016/08/mengapa-tingkat-kriminalitas-jepang-terendah-di-dunia

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Japanese-law

https://www.forbes.com/sites/eamonnfingleton/2015/11/22/it-is-japan-not-the-u-s-that-leads-in-serious-technology-says-top-reagan-technology-advisor/#7747341d4023