Hanging Separately: Why China and Africa are unable to meet as equals
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Transcript of Hanging Separately: Why China and Africa are unable to meet as equals
Hanging SeparatelyWhy China and Africa are unable to meet as equals
China and Africa GDP, 1960-2012
China and U.S. GDP, 1960-2012
China-Africa Interactions Pre-1950
Zheng He(1371-1433)
Muslim Eunuch, commander of Nanjing, fleet admiral, diplomat, mariner.
Zheng He’s voyages, 1405-1433
Parallel Histories
Pre-Colonial
Colonial
Independence
Imperial
Colonial Influence
1912 Revolution
1949 Revolution
Africa China
1911 Independence Flag
Red: Han
Yellow: Manchus
Blue: Mongols
Hui (Muslims): White
Black: Tibetans
Colonialism, 1898
Colonialism, 1920
Colonialism, 1936
Colonialism, 1945
Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
Independence, by decade
African Nations(Ordered by first recognition of the PRC)
Egypt
Morocco
Algeria
Sudan
Guinea
Ghana
Mali
Somalia
Democratic Republic of Congo
Tanzania
Uganda
Kenya
Burundi
Tunisia
Congo, Brazzaville
Central African Republic
Zambia
Benin
Mauritania
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Cameroon
Sierra Leone
Rwanda
Senegal
Mauritius
Togo
Madagascar
Chad
Burkino Faso
Guinea Bissau
Gabon
Niger
Gambia
Botswana
MozambiqueSão Tomé and Príncipe
Comoro Islands
Cape Verde
Seychelles
Liberia
Libya
Djibouti
Zimbabwe
Angola
Côte d'Ivoire
Lesotho
Namibia
Eritrea
South Africa
Malawi
South Sudan
Swaziland (never recognized)
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
1. mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity2. mutual non-aggression3. non-interference in each other's internal affairs4. equality and mutual benefit5. peaceful coexistence.
Originally set forth by Premier Zhou Enlaito the Indian delegation in 1953-1954
Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
UN recognizes PRC, 1971
Nixon visits Beijing, 1972
[The guiding principle of Chinese diplomacy in the 1980s changed from] “ideological idealism to pragmatic idealism and from unconditional internationalism to a priority of national interest."
—He WenpingChinese Africanist
Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
The Party(Communist Party of China)
18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Hu Jintao’s “Four Nos”
1. no hegemonism2. no power politics3. no military alliances4. no arms races
1997 ASEAN Summit
Trade between Africa and China 1995-2008
Egypt
Free Officers’ Revolt, 1952Mubarak deposed, 2011
Sudan
Independence, 1956Coup d'état, 1969Coup d'état, 1971
1972, civil war hiatusCoup d'état, 1989
South Sudan separates, 2011
Burkina Faso
Formerly Upper VoltaIndependence 1984
Coup d'état, 1987
Ghana
Independence 1957Coup d'état, 1966
Various coups 1966-1981Elections 1992
Kwame Nkrumah and Mao Zedong
Nigeria
Independence 1960Variosu coups, civil war,
1966-1970Military junta, 1970, coups,
juntaElections 1999
“Chinese citizens found in oil installations will be treated as thieves. The Chinese government by investing in stolen crude places its citizens in our line of fire.”
—Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)
Equatorial Guinea
Independence 1968Coup d'état, 1979
Tanzania
Independence 1961Merge with Zanzibar, 1964
Angola
Independence 1975Ceasefire, 2002Elections 2008
South Africa
Independence 1931Transition to Republic, 1961
First universal elections, 1994
Zimbabwe
Formerly South RhodesiaDeclaration of independence,
1964“Zimbabwe Rhodesia”, 1979
Elections, 1980Transition to Republic, 1961
First universal elections, 1994
“It is possible to build an unequal relationship, the kind of relationship that has developed between African countries as colonies. The African continent exports raw material and imports manufactured goods, condemning (it) to underdevelopment”
—President Thabo Mbeki, South Africa, 2006
Further Resources