typical development

from here to here

from here to here

Readiness curriculum Practice Readable product=++

DeLana Honaker

efficient gripsinefficient grips

efficient grips

Quadrupod

efficient grips

efficient grips

Palmer-Supinate Grasp

inefficient grips

efficient grips

Digital-Pronate Grasp

inefficient grips

handwriting solutions

handwriting problems

handwriting research

Free writingInquiryModelsSentence combiningWriting scales

Hillocks

Grammar

handwriting research“It is interesting to note that the [three] treatments with the largest gains all focus on teaching procedural knowledge, knowledge of how to do things. . . . [Free writing] does not help students learn new . . . procedures. Both grammar and models focus on learning . . . declarative rather than procedural knowledge” (Hillocks, 1995, p. 223)

handwriting research

procedural instruction is best

How?

traditional

natural process

environmental

handwriting researchActively engaged relevant activities

grades

BEST

MEANINGLESS

handwriting research“Teacher comment [written on students' compositions] haslittle impact on student writing. None of the studies ofteacher comment ... show statistically significant differences inthe quality of writing between experimental and control groups.Indeed, several show no pre-to-post gains for any groups,regardless of the type of comment.” [emphasis is the author's](Hillocks, 1986, p. 165)

writing fluency

dysgraphia

impaired ability to learn to write

types ofdysgraphia

memory dysgraphia

motor dysgraphia

perceptual-spatial dysgraphia

10% general population

Observed soon after learn 2 write

Adults = tbi or stroke

what kind?

teaching students with dysgraphia

8 year-old student with dysgraphia

Pain

characteristics of dysgraphia

How are they perceived?

Are they punished?

Learning characteristics