HUMANISTIC NURSING THEORYJosephine G. Paterson & Loretta T. Zderad

JOSEPHINE PATERSON

A graduate of Lenox Hill Hospital School of Nursing and St. John’s University

Received her master’s degree from Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

Her Doctor of Nursing Science (1969) is from Boston University School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts, where she specialized in mental health and psychiatric nursing.

Retired in 1985 as a clinical nurse specialist at the Northport Veterans Administration Medical Center at Northport, New York.

LORETTA T. ZDERAD

graduate of St. Bernard’s Hospital

School of Nursing of Loyola University received her Master of Science degree from Catholic

University, Washington DC and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1968 from Georgetown University, Washington DC

served on the faculty of the State University of New York at Stonybrook

retired in 1985 as the Associate Chief of Nursing Education at the Northport Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York.

PATERSON & ZDERAD shared Humanistic Nursing Theory Humanistic Nursing was first published in 1976 &

republished in 1988

BIOGRAPHY

HUMANISTIC NURSING THEORY A theory and practice that rest on an existential philosophy,

value experiencing and the evolving of the "new," and aim at a phenomenological description of the art-science of nursing viewed as a lived intersubjective transactional experience; nursing seen within its human context.

CONCEPTS OF HUMAN NURSING PRACTICE THEORY1.) DIALOGUE

Nursing is a lived dialogue It is the nurse-nursed relating creatively Humans need nursing Nurses need to nurse Nursing is an intersubjective experience in which there is a

real sharing.Involved in Dialogue:1.) Meeting - the coming together of human beings and is characterized by the expectation that there will be a nurse and a nursed. 2.) Relating - the process of nurse-nursed “doing” with each other is relating, being with the other.3.) Presence - the quality of being open, receptive, ready, and available to another person in reciprocal manner4.) Call and Response - the complex nature of the lived dialogue. -transactional, sequential, and simultaneous2.) COMMUNITY

It is two or more persons striving together, living-dying all at once. To understand community is to recognize and value uniqueness. It is through the intersubjective sharing of meaning in the community that human beings are comforted and nurtured.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL NURSOLOGY1.) Preparation of the nurse knower for coming to know.2.) Nurse knowing the other intuitively.3.) Nurse knowing the other scientifically.

4.) Nurse complementarily synthesizing known others.5.) Succession within the nurse from the many to the paradoxical one.CONCEPTS OF NURSING:PERSON:

“Man is an individual being necessarily related to other men in time and space. As every man is beholden to other man for his birth and development, interdependence is inherent in the human situation… [and] human existence and coexistence.”

ENVIRONMENT: Humanistic Nursing must take into account all aspects of

community: the fact that we live our lives in communities of others, of time, of place, and of experience. It is only through community that we reach our full potential.

HEALTH: Health is a matter of personal survival, a process of

experiencing one’s potential for well-being and more-being, a quality of living and dying. It is more than the absence of disease. Individuals have the potential for well-being but also for more-being.

NURSING: Nursing is a nurturing response of one person to another in

a time of need that aims toward the development of well-being and more-being. Nursing works toward this aim by helping to increase the possibility of making responsibility choices, since this is how human beings are able to become. Nursing is concerned with the individual’s unique being and striving toward becoming, focusing on the whole.