HANDOUT 2 B-CELL INFILTRATES. CASE 6: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS B-cells negative with antibodies to: CD5...
-
Upload
mariah-jordan -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of HANDOUT 2 B-CELL INFILTRATES. CASE 6: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS B-cells negative with antibodies to: CD5...
HANDOUT 2
B-CELL INFILTRATES
CASE 6: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS
B-cells negative with antibodies to:•CD5•CD10•CD23•BCL-6•cyclin D1
DIAGNOSIS
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA
Synonyms:•extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (WHO)•cutaneous immunocytoma (EORTC)•cutaneous follicular hyperplasia with monotypic plasma cells (Schmid et al Am J Surg Pathol 1995; 19: 12)
CLINICAL
Solitary or multiple tumours
Good response to XRT; CR common
Frequently relapse
Excellent prognosis; 5-year survival >95%
PCMZL and Borrelia burgdorferi
A proportion of PCMZL associated with B. burgdorferi infection.
Possibly only in some geographic locations;
•Highlands of Scotland +ve•Austria (Graz/Vienna) +ve•USA -ve•Tawain -ve
PATHOLOGY
Diffuse or periadnexal/perivascular infiltrate
Reactive germinal centres common
Interfollicular/diffuse neoplastic infiltrate•marginal zone cells•small lymphocytes•plasmacytoid/plasma cells
Reactive cells•histiocytes•Eosinphils
Immunophenotype
•CD20, bcl-2 positive
•CD5, CD10, CD23, bcl-6, cyclinD1 negative
•CD43 +/-
Genetics
•Trisomy 3 in some
•t(11;18) not found (c.f. gastric & bronchial MZL)
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Other small B-cell lymphomas2. Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma
FURTHER READING
Rijlaarsdam et al. Histopathology 1993; 23: 117Bailey et al. Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20: 1011Cerroni et al. Am J Surg Pathol 1997; 21: 1307Goodlad et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24: 1279Wood et al. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28: 502 Ye et al. Blood 2003; 102: 1012Chunmei et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27: 1061
CASE 7: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS
•Stage IE on staging: bone marrow, CT chest & abdomen
•t(14;18) not found
DIAGNOSIS
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS FOLLICLE CENTRE CELL LYMPHOMA
•(EORTC: although most cases included in this category display pure diffuse large cell
morphology)
Synonyms:Grade 3 follicular lymphoma & diffuse large B-
cell lymphoma•(WHO: classifying lesion in this way may result
in over-treatment)
CLINICAL
Solitary plaques, tumours, nodules
Head & neck (scalp)
Respond to local XRT: CR usual
Frequent relapse
Excellent prognosis: 5-year survival ~100%
PATHOLOGY
As for nodal follicular lymphoma except:
•Higher proportion of grade 3 lesions +/- DLBCL
•Lower incidence of bcl-2 expression (0-60%)
•t(14;18) rarely found
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA
High relapse rate but excellent survival
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% in
co
mp
lete
re
mis
sio
n
Nodal FL PCFL
p<0.01
% in CR
15/15 PCFL in complete remission at end of follow-up period compared with only 49/87 stage I nodal FL (p<0.01: 2). Goodlad et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2002
COMPARISON OF OUTCOME WITH STAGE I NODAL FL:Disease status at end of follow-up
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Other small B-cell lymphomas
2. Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma
Garcia et al. Am J Surg Pathol 1986; 10: 454
Yang et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24: 694
Cerroni et al. Blood 2000: 95; 3922
Franco et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 875
Aguilera et al. Mod Pathol 2001; 14: 828
Goodlad et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26: 733
FURTHER READING
CASE 8: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS
Confined to skin on staging
CD5, CD23, cyclin D1 negative
DIAGNOSIS
LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA OF THE LEG(EORTC)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (WHO)
DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA ARISING PRIMARILY IN THE SKIN
Probably two subtypesCurrently best classified as per EORTC on basis of anatomic location:
1.Primary cutaneous follicle centre cell lymphomaThis includes cases with true follicular
morphology as treatment and outcome are the same
2. Large B-cell lymphoma of the leg
Primary cutaneous DLBCL on upper body has significantly better prognosis
than primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma on the leg1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Cu
mu
lati
ve D
SS
0 50 150100 200 250 300
Months
Upper body (n=17)
Lower body (n=13)
[p=0.0047]
Goodlad et al. Am J Surg Pathol; In press
COMPARED TO PCFCCL/LBCL ON UPPER BODY, LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA OF THE LEG:
•More often female•Older age•More often multiple lesions•Significantly poorer prognosis (5YS <60% c.f. >95%•Significantly higher incidence of bcl-2 expression (~100%)•Less frequent CD10/bcl-6 expression•More often large round cells (centroblasts/immunoblasts) than large cleaved cells
t(14;18) rare at either site
N.B. standard treatment for nodal DLBCL is aggressive
CTX (anthracycline based); this would be overtreatment
for majority of primary cutaneous DLBCL
irrespective of location
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. CTCL, large cell types, non-epidermotropic
2. T/NK cell lymphomas
REFERENCES
Vermeer et al. Arch Dermatol 1996
Geelen et al. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 2080
Fernandez-Vazquez et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 307
Grange et al. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 3602
Fink-Puches et al. Blood 2002; 99: 800
Goodlad et al. Am J Surg Pathol; In press
CASE 9: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS
Polyclonal kappa/lambda
Polyclonal IgH re-arrangement
DIAGNOSIS
CUTANEOUS B-CELL PSEUDOLYMPHOMA
Synonyms:lymphocytoma (benigna) cutisSpiegler-Fendt sarcoidB-cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
CUTANEOUS B-CELL PSEUDOLYMPHOMA
Cutaneous infiltrate histologically simulating CBCL
Cliincally may also mimic lymphoma•solitary red nodule/plaque (85-90%)•generalised/multifocal lesions (10-15%)
AETIOLOGY•Idiopathic
•Borrelia burgdorferi•Tattoo (red)•Injection sites•Acupuncture
•Trauma•Vaccination
•Gold piercing earrings
COMMON THEME IS REACTION TO ANTIGEN
PATHOLOGY
•Diffuse or nodular infiltrate (Grenz zone)•Reactive polytypic B-cells
Often in nodules +/- germinal centresT-cell rich areas in between
•Prominent vasculature•Macrophages, plasma cells, eosinophils
PRESERVED IMMUNOARCHITECTURE
B-cell nodules•CD20, CD23
T-cell areas•CD3 +•few B-cells
B-CLH: IMMUNOARCHITECTURE
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:CUTANEOUS INFILTRATES RICH IN SMALL B-CELLS
1. B-cell pseudolymphoma
2. Marginal zone lymhpoma
3. Follicular lymphoma
4. (Secondary involvement by:• B-CLL• Mantle cell lymphoma)
NATURE OF LYMPHOID FOLLICLES?
1. REACTIVE FOLLICLES• Found in all three but rare in FL• Appearance as at other sites
Zonation Tingible body macrophages Mitotic figures Well formed mantles Uniform CD10/bcl-6 expression by GCCs Bcl-2 negative
2. COLONISED FOLLICLES•Typical of MZL•Distinct compartments
Reactive GCC: CD10/bcl-6 +ve, bcl-2 -veNeoplastic MZ cells: CD10/bcl-6 -ve, bcl-2 +ve
3. NEOPLASTIC FOLLICLES•Only seen in FL•Same as in nodal FL
No zonationMonotonous appearanceFew TBMs, MFs (NB grade 3 FL)Absent/poorly formed mantlesUniform CD10/bcl-6 stainingBcl-2 usually +ve (but significant % -ve cases)
NATURE OF INTERFOLLICULAR INFILTRATE?
1. B-CELL PSEUDOLYMPHOMA• T-cells >> B-cells• NO confluent sheets of B-cells• Polytypic light chain immunohistochemistry• Epidermal changes
e.g. parakeratosis, atrophy, acanthosis, spongiosis
2. MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA•Clusters/sheets of marginal zone cells•>75% B-cells•Light chain restriction•Aberrant CD43 expression
3. FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA
•Clusters of CD10/bcl-6+ve B-cells
Useful when bcl-2 –ve
CD10 may be down-regulated
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Can be helpful but use limited by:
•Most FL are t(14;18) negative
•False negatives relatively common
•False positive results when very few B-cells
•Some CBCPL are monoclonal
•Some CBCPL progress to overt lymphoma
THE MOST IMPORTANT DECISION:
SHOULD THE PATIENT BE STAGED?
FURTHER READING
Ritter et al J Cutan Pathol 1994; 21: 481
Baldassano et al. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23: 88
de Leval et al. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 732
Nihal et al. Hum Pathol 2003; 34: 617