Handling Hazardous Building Materials: How to Avoid a Construction Nightmare
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Transcript of Handling Hazardous Building Materials: How to Avoid a Construction Nightmare
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Meet Your Presenters
Ryan Miller
Engineering Project Manager
Triumvirate Environmental
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Maria Borejsza-Wysocka
Environmental Engineer
Triumvirate Environmental
Asbestos: What Is It?
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The “Miracle” Fiber
• Widely used for many reasons:
Resistant to heat, electricity, and chemicals
Sound absorbent
Has a high tensile strength
Able to be woven into cloth
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Types of Asbestos
• Serpentine (Chrysotile)
Quickly cleared in the human lung,
Distinct morphology,
Fibers often “clumped” in air
• Amphibole (Amosite and Crocidolite)
Biopersistant
Straight spear like fibers
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Suspect Materials
• Pipe Insulation
• Floor Tile
• Mastic
• Ceiling Tile
• Duct Seam Glue
• Joint Compound
• Roofing Material
• Fire Proofing
• Fume Hood Panels
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How Do You Identify Asbestos?
• Laboratory analysis Cannot identify an asbestos
fiber by the naked eye
• Licensed asbestos inspector
• Specific methodology for sampling
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Asbestos Sampling
OSHA 40 CFR 763.86• Prescriptive sampling methods
US EPA Pink Book• Summarizes the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA) sampling guidelines
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Asbestos Sampling• Miscellaneous Materials
At least one sample shall be collected from each suspected miscellaneous material. (EPA)
OSHA says: In a manner sufficient to determine whether material is ACM or not ACM, collect bulk samples from each homogeneous area of friable miscellaneous material that is not assumed to be ACM.
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Definitions
• The US EPA defines ACM as material containing >1% asbestos.
• MA DEP has requirements for asbestos containing waste material (ACWM) for specific materials (vermiculite) containing 1% asbestos or less.
Non-routine asbestos abatement work
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It’s Identified, Now What?
• Abatement
Performed by licensed contractor
Requires 10 working day notification to the state
Clearance sampling
Re-occupancy
• Management Asbestos Management Plan or O&M Plan
Asbestos awareness training
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Case Study• Facility wide asbestos inspection and management plan
• 12 buildings assessed, one for pre-demolition and the others for an O&M plan
• Over 300 samples collected over the course of 6 business days
• Asbestos identified in roofing materials, TSI, mastic, floor tiles, fume hood panels, etc.
• Continues management and inspection of areas identified
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History of Use
• Lead Pipes Lead has been used in plumbing for centuries Majority of buildings built prior to the 1980s have lead in
their plumbing infrastructure 1986: SDWA prohibited use of pipe, solder, or flux in
public water systems that was not “lead free”
• Lead Paint Lead based paint has been used for centuries 1951 first ban on the use of lead based paint Majority of buildings built prior to the 1978 have lead-
based paint
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Exposure
• Areas of concern are painted surface Walls and ceilings Windows and window sills Doors and door frames Stairs, railing, banister, and porches Woodwork (baseboards and molding)
• Routes of exposure Inhalation Ingestion
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Laws and Regulations
• Safe Drinking Water Act (1986)“No person may use any pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, any solder, or flux, after June 19, 1986, in the installation or repair of: (i) any public water system; or (ii) any plumbing in a residential or non residential facility providing water for human consumption, that is not lead free (within the meaning of subsection (d))
Effective 2 years after August 6, 1996, it shall be unlawful-(A) For any person to introduce into commerce any pipe, or any pipe or plumbing
fixture, that is not lead free, except for a pipe that is used in manufacturing or industrial processing;
(B) For any person engaged in the business of selling plumbing supplies, except manufacturers, to sell solder or flux that is not lead free; or
(C) For any person to introduce into commerce any solder or flux that is not lead free unless the solder or flux bears a prominent label that it is illegal to use the solder or flux in the installation or repair of any plumbing providing water for human consumption.”
-1417(a)(1)(A)
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Laws and Regulations
• Lead and Copper Rule (1991)(1) The lead action level is exceeded if the concentration of lead in more than 10 percent of tap water samples collected during any monitoring period conducted in accordance with §141.86 is greater than 0.015 mg/L (i.e., if the “90th percentile” lead level is greater than 0.015 mg/L). - §141.80
• Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act (2011)“…the term ‘lead free’ means- (A) not containing more than 0.2 percent lead when used with respect to solder and flux; and (B) not more than a weighted average of 0.25 percent lead when used with respect to the wetted surface of pipe, pipe fitting, plumbing fittings, and fixtures” 1417(Sec.2)
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Laws and Regulations
• Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
• U.S. EPA Lead Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule Lead-Based Paint: paint with lead levels ≥
1.0 mg/cm2 or more than 0.5% by weight
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Lead is Identified, Now What?Lead in Water
• Measures to reduce lead in drinking water: Flush your pipes prior to
drinking
Only use cold water for eating and drinking
Install a water filter or treatment system
Remove the pipes containing lead and dispose the waste accordingly
Reduce the corrosiveness of the water
• Shut down the system
• Label water outlets accordingly
Lead in Paint• Measures to reduce exposure
to lead Inspect and maintain all painted
surfaces
Address water damage quickly
and completely
Keep building dust free
• Lead Paint Abatement
• Remove the waste accordingly
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History and Background• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): 1929 to 1979
1929 – PCBs first manufactured 1960s – Production decreased in 1960s Early 1970s – all uses of PCBs in United States are confined to closed
systems 1977 – PCB manufacturing in the United States ends 1979 – PCBs banned in the United States
• Properties Chemically Stable Non-Flammable High Boiling Point Tasteless and odorless Good Insulators
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Commercial Uses• Electrical equipment
• Fluorescent light ballasts
• Transformers and capacitors
• Motor and hydraulic system oil
• Thermal insulation
• Adhesives and tapes
• Oil-based paint
• Caulking
• Plastics
• Floor finishes
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Exposure
• Routes of Exposure Inhalation
Dermal routes
• Activities:
During repair or removal of older construction materials (i.e., paint, plaster, and caulk)
Leak or release form electrical equipment
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Health Effects
• Cancer
• Immune effects
• Reproductive effects
• Neurological effects
• Endocrine effects
• Not acutely toxic to humans
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Laws and Regulations
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 40 CFR Part 761
• Definition of Bulk Waste vs. Remediation Waste 40 CFR §761.61 and 761.62
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PCBs is Identified, Now What?
• Reduce exposure to PCBs Remove PCB containing fluorescent light
ballasts
Remove building material: caulk, masonry, wood and bricks contaminated or containing PCBs
Encapsule PCB containing material
• Dispose PCB waste accordingly
What is Mercury?• Naturally occurring element that in its
pure form is a liquid that volatizes
readily
• Exposure at high levels can harm the
brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, and
immune systems
• Mercury vapor is colorless and
odorless
Where CanIt Be Found?
Thermometers
Barometers
Manometers
Light bulbs
Thermostats
Coal and other rocks
Coal-burning power plants are the
largest human-caused source of
mercury emissions to the air in the
United States
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Mercury in Plumbing
• Relic plumbing Mercury poured into drains can remain in
the plumbing indefinitely, until it is physically removed or the plumbing is replaced
• Often overlooked
• Mercury remediation is costly and time consuming
Mercury Vapor
Measurement• Various methods are used to detect
and quantify mercury vapors in air
• Vapor detection limits vary
significantly
• Regulations and guidance
concentrations can be in milligrams
per cubic meter (mg/m3),
micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3),
or nanograms per cubic meter
(ng/m3)
Mercury Vapor Measurement
Triumvirate utilizes the Jerome J-505 for most mercury vapor monitoring activities.
Monitoring Device Detection Limit
Dräger tubes 0.05 mg/m3
Jerome J-505 0.00005 mg/m3
Lab (EPA Method 6009) 0.002 mg/m3
Lumex 0.00005 mg/m3
Jerome 431-X 0.003 mg/m3 (± 0.003 mg/m3)
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer 10 to 20 mg/kg
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Mercury Meter Interferences• Potential interferences to the Jerome 431-X mercury vapor analyzer have been
identified and are listed in the Manufactures Owners Manual
• Erroneously high readings can sometimes occur with the presence of:
Hydrocarbons
High levels of CO, CO2, and SO2
Water vapor/condensation
Chlorine and Ammonia
NO2
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Most mercaptans (organic sulfur compounds or “thiols”)
• There are no known interferences with the Jerome J505 or Lumex meters
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Regulations and
Guidance• OSHA established a PEL as a ceiling value of
0.1 mg/m3, the only legally enforceable federal
U.S. standard
• NIOSH set a REL of 0.05 mg/m3 as a 10-hour,
time weighted average
• The ACGIH recommended the most recent
occupational exposure standard as the TLV-
TWA of 0.025 mg/m3
• The ATSDR recommends risk managers
isolate humans from mercury spills when a
concentration level of ≥ 0.01 mg/m3
Worker Health and SafetySpills within a facility can pose a threat
to worker health and safety and to
building occupants:
• Improper PPE
• Cross Contamination
• “Hot Spots”
• Improper Clean Up
• Improper Waste Disposal
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Mercury Clean Up Products &
Equipment
Triumvirate utilizes multiple mercury
cleanup products to effectively
eliminate mercury vapor releases,
including:
• Mercury Vacuums
• Mercury Amalgamation
• Mercury Vapor Adsorption
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Waste Disposal
• The most common disposal method is
mercury retort
• Solid and liquid bearing wastes are put
through a controlled high vacuum retort
system that recycles mercury
• The mercury can be recycled up to
99.99995% purity, and can be used on a
wide variety of applications
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Case Study: Mercury in Lab Piping• Remove each sink trap, collect the
contents, and screen with a Jerome
J-505
• Traps with detections were removed
and containerized for proper disposal
• Remaining laboratory waste piping
was screened, and any piping with
detections was cut and containerized
for proper disposal
• All piping was removed until there
were no detections on the Jerome
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Summary
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• It is important to know what materials are present prior to construction or renovations to handle the building material/waste accordingly.
• Pipes in your building may contain lead, mercury or asbestos.
• It is important to assess a variety of building material to determine if they are hazardous.
• Planning ahead will save you time and money during your renovations and construction projects.
THANK YOU!CONTACT US!
1-888-834-9697
www.triumvirate.com
Ryan Miller: [email protected]
Maria Borejsza-Wysocka: [email protected]