Handbook of Scales for Research in Crime and Delinquency

Perspectives in

Law & Psychology

Series Editor: BRUCE DENNIS SALES, University of Arizona, Tucson

Volume 1

Volume 2

Volume 3

Volume 4

Volume 5

Volume 6

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Edited by Bruce Dennis Sales

THE TRIAL PROCESS Edited by Bruce Dennis Sales

JUVENILES' WAIVER OF RIGHTS Legal and Psychological Competence Thomas Grisso

MENTAL HEALTH LAW: Major Issues David B. Wexler

HANDBOOK OF SCALES FOR RESEARCH IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY Stanley L. Brodsky and H. O'Neal Smitherman

MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERS Perspectives from Law and Social Science Edited by John Monahan and Henry J. Steadman

Handbook of Scales for Research in Crime and Delinquency

Stanley L. Brodsky University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama

and

H. O'Neal Smitherman Partlow State School Tuscaloosa, Alabama

PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Brodsky, Stanley L., 1939-Handbook of scales for research in crime and delinquency.

(Perspectives in law & psychology; v. 5) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Prisoners-Attitudes-Research-Statistical methods-Handbooks,

manuals, etc. 2. Juvenile delinquents-AHitudes-Research-Statistical methods-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Criminal behavior, Prediction of­Research-Statistical Methods, Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Scaling (Social sciences)-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Smitherman, H. O'Neal. 1949-II. Title. III. Series: Perspectives in law and psychology; v. 5. HV9274.B76 1982 364'.072 82·18142

ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3302-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3300-5 001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3300-5

This limited facsimile edition has been issued for the purpose of keeping this title available to the scientific community.

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation

233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, microfilming,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

To the memory of my father, Harry Brodsky S.L.B.

To my wife and family H.o.S.

Acknowledgments

There are many colleagues and friends who have offered constructive suggestions in the preparation of this handbook. Don Gottfredson, Michael Hindelang, and Marvin Shaw served as an advisory committee and their ideas appear in many ways throughout this handbook. We are grateful for their assistance and collab­oration.

Bruce Sales has been extraordinarily helpful; as editor of the Plenum Per­spective in Law and Psychology series, he has worked with us, adding consistency, sense, and style to the text.

Ten years ago, in the very early stages of this effort, Linda Jacobson and Jon Baughman joined in some of the early scale reviews. Since then, Glenda Williamson invested heavily of her time and effort and performed the yeoperson's work in searching out materials. Robin Ingall aided in the MMPI and CPI literature review.

The Department of Psychology at the University of Alabama graciously extended much support during development of this project. In particular, we appreciate the secretarial and collegial help of Gwendolyn Thomas, Leona John­son, and Marjie Hall.

We also would like to extend our appreciation to Saleem Shah, Thomas Lalley, and their colleagues at the Center for Studies in Crime and Delinquency in the National Institute of Mental Health. The Center provided the financial support necessary for the implementation of this project and the staff helped shape early drafts of our ideas in many positive ways. For their scholarly perspectives and kind assistance, we are much indebted.

We are most grateful to the individuals and organizations that are referenced below, who have granted us permission to use their scales in this volume.

Accessibility Scale by Irving Jacks. Reprinted from the Journal o/Criminal Law and Criminology, 1964, 55, 100--106, with petmission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology.

Aggression-Altruism Scale by K. S. Larsen. Reprinted from the Journal 0/ Personality Assessment, 1971,35,275-281, with petmission of the Journal of Personality Assessment.

vii

viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Aggression in Youth by R. Dembo. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology, 1973,13, 246, with permission of t~e Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency.

Anger Disposition Scale by Donald L. Loy is reprinted with permission of the author. Attitude toward Any Institution by I. V. Kelley. Reprinted from the Purdue University Studies in

Higher Education, 1934,35, 18-36, with permission of the University of Chicago Press. Attitude toward Capital Punishment by L. L. Thurstone. Reprinted from Motion Pictures and

Attitudes of Children, University of Chicago Press, 1932, with permission of the University of Chicago Press.

Attitudes toward Government Workers by P. B. Weston. Reprinted from Criminology, 1965, 6, 83-96, with permission of the author and Sage Publications.

Attitudes toward Juvenile Delinquency by Nicholas A. Reuterman is reprinted with permission of the author.

Attitudes toward Juvenile Detention by Don M. Gottfredson is reprinted with permission of the author.

Attitude toward Law and Justice Scale by C. L. Hulin and B. A. Maher is reprinted with permission of the authors.

Attitudes towards Offenders and Mental Patients by R. E. Lamy. Reprinted from the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1966,30, 450-455, with permission of the author and the American Psychological Association.

Attitude toward Police by Jerri Linn Phillips and Robert Coates is reprinted with permission of the authors.

Attitudes toward Police (Competency/Hostility) by Mary Love is reprinted with permission of the author.

Attitude toward Police Questionnaire by D. Bouma. Reprinted from Kids and Cops, 1969, with permission of the author and the William B. Eerdsmans Publishing Company.

Attitude toward the Law by J. P. Martin and J. P. McConnell. Reprinted from Criminology, 1972, 13, 111-116, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications.

Attitude toward the Law Scale by Katz Timkovich. Reprinted from Scales for the Measurement of Social Attitudes, L. L. Thurstone (Ed.), the University of Chicago Press, 1931, with permission of the University of Chicago Press.

Attitudes toward the Prevalence of Stealing by J. Ball. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1957,48. 259-274, with permission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology.

Attitude toward Prisoners Scale by Kenneth Melvin is reprinted with permission of the author. Awareness of Limited Opportunity Scale by Judson R. Landis is reprinted with permission of the

author. Behavior Cards by R. M. Stogdill. Reprinted from The Stogdill Behavior Cards: A Test-1nterview

for Delinquent Children. Stoelting Company, 1941, with permission of the Stoelting Company. Behavior Prediction Scale by S. Rettig. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology, 1964,

5. 582-590, with permission of the author and the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency.

Beverly-Grant Opinion Schedule by Robert S. Beverly is reprinted with permission of the author. Capital Punishment Attitude Questionnaire by G. L. Jurow. Reprinted from the Harvard Law

Review. 1971,84. 567--{)11, with permission of the author and the Harvard Law Review. Children's Perceptions of the Police by R. L. Derbyshire. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal

Law. Criminology. and Police Science, 1968,59. 183-190, with permission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science.

Citizen Perceptions of Police Scale by R. I. Klyman and J. Kruckenberg. Reprinted from the Journal of CriminalJustice. 1974, 2, 219-233, with permission of the authors and Permamon Press, Inc.

Clues Test by Robert B. Mills is reprinted with permission of the author.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix

Competency Screening Test by L. D. Lipsitt, D. Lelos, and L. McGarry. Reprinted from The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1971, 128, 137-141, with pennission of the author and The American Psychiatric Association.

Comprehensive Miranda Rights Scale by J. Thomas Grisso is reprinted with permission of the author.

Compulsive Masculinity Scale by Ira J. Silvennan is reprinted with pennission of the author. Correctional Institutions Environment Scale by Rudolf Moos, sample items reprinted with per­

mission of the author. Correctional Staff Evaluation Scale by A. D. Cheatwood. Reprinted from the Journal of Research

in Crime and Delinquency, July, 1974, II, 173-179, with permission of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Criminal Attitude Scale by A. J. W. Taylor. Reprinted from Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 1968,59, 37-40, with pennission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science.

Criminal Profile by J. Gunn and G. Robertson. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology, 1976,16, 156--160, with pennission of the author and the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency.

Criminality Level Index by W. Reckless. Reprinted from Criminology, 1966, 6, 71-82, with permission of the author and Sage Publications.

Criminally Insane Attitude Scale by Jaswant L. Khanna is reprinted with permission of the author. Cynicism Questionnaire by Arthur Niederhoffer is reprinted with pennission of the author. Delinquency Checklist by J. A. Kulik, K. B. Stein, and T. R. Sarbin. Reprinted from the Journal

of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 1968, 32, 375-382, with permission of the authors and the American Psychological Association.

Delinquency Potential Scale by E. K. E. Gunderson is reprinted with pennission of the author. Delinquency Proneness Scale by T. F. Marshall. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology ,

1973, 13, 227-236, with pennission of the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delin­quency.

Delinquency Questionnaire by M. L. Erickson. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 1972, 63, 388-395, with pennission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science.

Delinquency Scale (PN Version) by D. R. Peterson, H. D. Quay, and G. R. Cameron. Reprinted from the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1959,23, 395-399, with pennission of the author and the American Psychological Association.

Delinquent Attitudes and Self-Esteem Scale by S. A. Rathus and L. J. Siegel. Reprinted from Adolescence, 1973,8, 265-276, with pennission of Libra Publishers, Inc.

Differential Behavioral Classification System by Herbert C. Quay is reprinted with permission of the author.

Ethics Inventory by C. G. Watson is reprinted with pennission of the author. Family-Change Scale by D. P. Schneller. Reprinted from The American Journal of Co"ection,

1975,37, 29-33, with permission of the author and the American Correctional Association. Family Infonnation Test by P. S. Venezia. Reprinted from the Journal of Research in Crime and

Delinquency, 1968,5, 148-173, with pennission of the National Council in Crime and De­linquency and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency.

Future Events Test by Kenneth B. Stein is reprinted with permission of the author. Hopelessness Scale by A. T. Beck, A. Weissman, D. Lester, and L. Trexler. Reprinted from

Consulting Psychology, 1974,42, 861-865, with permission of the authors and the American Psychological Association.

Hostility and Aggression Scale by R. T. Green and G. Santori. Reprinted from Peace Research, 1969, 1,13-22, with permission of the Canadian Peace Research Institute.

Hostility and Aggression Scales by R. Blackburn is reprinted with permission of the author.

x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Index of Conformity to Staff Expectations by Stanton Wheeler. Reprinted from American Socio­logical Review, 1961, 26, 699-712, with pennission of the author and the American Socio­logical Association.

The Inmate Perception on Impact by T. G. Eynon, H. E. Allen, and W. C. Reckless. Reprinted from Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1971,8,93-107, with permission of the authors and National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Inmates' Perception of Significant Others by D. H. Chang, C. H. Zastro, and D. L. Blazicek. Reprinted from International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1975, 3, 85-96, with permission of the authors and Academic Press.

Inmate Personality Survey by Kenneth A. Carlson is reprinted with permission of the author. Institutional Life Questionnaire by D. Marcus. Reprinted from British Journal of Criminology,

1969, 9, 272-281, with pennission of the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency. Integrative Delinquency Scale by C. Davis and J. H. Panton. Reprinted from Clinical Psychology,

1974,30, 186-189, with pennission of the authors and the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Intentionality in Criminal Situations Scale by Charles Blake Keasey is reprinted with permission

of the author. Interpersonal Personality Inventory by K. B. Ballard, R. H. Foren, J. Neiswonger, R. Fowler, J.

Belasco, and R. Taylor. Reprinted from Interpersonal Personality Inventory Manual, Sep­tember, 1963, 1966, with permission of the authors and the American Justice Institute.

Jesness Inventory by C. F. Jesness. Sample items reprinted from The Jesness Inventory: Devel­opment and Validation, California Youth Authority Research Report No. 29, March 1972, with permission of the author.

Judicial Role Perception Scale by T. D. Ungs and L. R. Baas. Reprinted from Law and Society Review, 1972,6, 343-366, with permission of the authors and the Law and Society Association.

Juvenile Court Volunteer Effectiveness Interview Scale by Charles R. Horejsi is reprinted by permission of the author.

Law Encounter Severity Scale by A. D. Witherspoon, D. K. deValera, W. O. Jenkins. Reprinted from The Law Encounter Severity Scale (LESS): A Criterion for Criminal Behavior and Recidivism, Experimental Manpower Laboratory for Corrections, 1973, with permission of the author and the Rehabilitation Research Foundation.

Law Enforcement Perception Questionnaire by F. Lee. Reprinted from Manual for the Law Per­ception Questionnaire, Psychometric Affiliates, 1970, with pennisison of the author and the Center for the Study of Crime, Law Enforcement, and Corrections.

Legal Attitudes Questionnaire by V. R. Boehm. Reprinted from Wisconsin Law Review, 1968, 1968, 734-750, with pennission of the author and the Wisconsin Law Review.

Legal Dangerousness Scale by Joseph J. Cocozza is reprinted with permission of the author. Maladaptive Behavior Record by W. O. Jenkins is reprinted with permission of the author. Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure by Jerome J. Platt is reprinted with pennission of the

author. Miniature Situations Test by S. Santostefono is reprinted with permission of the author. Organizational Structure and Prisonization Scale by Charles W. Thomas is reprinted by permission

of the author. Parental Punitiveness Scale by R. Epstein, S. S. Komorita. Reprinted from Journal of Child

Development, 1965, 36, 129-142, with permission of the Society for Research in Child Development.

Perceptions of Police Scales by I. Hadar and J. R. Snorturn. Reprinted from Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1975, 2, 37-54, with permission of the author and Sage Publications.

Police-Citizen Interaction Rating Scales by D. Cruse and J. Rubin. Reprinted from Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 1973, 1, 167-222, with permission of Federal Legal Publications, Inc.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi

Police-Citizen Interaction Rating Scales by David Martin and Jon McConnell. Reprinted from Criminology, 1972, /0, 111-116 with permission of Sage Publications.

Police Task Preference Questionnaire by R. Olson. Reprinted from Personnel Journal, December, 1970, 49, \0 15-1 020, with permission of the Personnel Journal.

The Prison Adjustment Index by Marvin E. Wolfgang is reprinted with permission of the author. Prison Fantasy Questionnaire by Benjamin Beit-Halahni is reprinted with permission of the author. Prison Profile Inventory by Hans Toch is reprinted from Living in Prison: The Ecology of Human

Survival, New York: Free Press, 1977, with permission of the author and Free Press. Prisoners' Attitude Scales by G. P. Alpert and D. A. Hicks. Reprinted from Criminology, 1977,

14, 461-482, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications. Probation Officer-Client Relationship Valence Scale by Romine R. Deming is reprinted with

permission of the author. Problem Checklist by Frances H. Simon. Reprinted from Prediction Methods in Criminology, Her

Majesty's Stationery Office, 1971, with permission of the author and Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Public Offender Counseling Inventory by R. C. Page and R. Myrick. Reprinted from Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1978,5, 141-150, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications.

Reaction Inventory: Anger by David R. Evans is reprinted with permission of the author. Recidivism Outcome Index by D. O. Moberg and R. C. Ericson. Reprinted from Federal Probation,

1972,36, 50-57, with permission of the authors and Federal Probation Quarterly. Rehabilitation in Correctional Settings Attitude Scale by Ronald Rice is reprinted with permission

of the author. Risk Perception Questionnaire by Daniel S. Claster is reprinted with permission of the author. Self-Attitude Inventory by L. A. Bennett, D. E. Sorensen, and H. Forshay. Reprinted from Research

in Crime and Delinquency, 1971, with permission of the authors and National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Self-Reported Delinquency Scales by W. R. Arnold. Reprinted from Social Problems, 1965. 15, 59-66, with permission of Social Problems.

Self-Reported Delinquency Scale by D. T. Farrington. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1973,64. 99-110, with permission of the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology.

Self-Reported Delinquency Scales by F. 1. Nye and J. F. Short. Reprinted from American Soci­ological Review, 1957,22, 326-331, with permission of the authors and American Sociological Association.

Seriousness of Delinquency Scale by D. H. Kelly and R. W. Winslow. Reprinted from British Journal of Criminology, 1970, /0,124-135, with permission of the Institute for the Study of Crime and Delinquency.

Teenage Slang Test by Kulik, Sarbin, and Stein is reprinted with permission of the authors.

Traits Indicating Attitude Scale by G. Russon. Reprinted from Corrective Psychiatry and Social Therapy, 1969, 15, 38-48, with permission of Corrective and Social Psychiatry.

Value Orientation Scale by Judson R. Landis is reprinted with permission of the author. Violence Scale by J. M. Andrew. Reprinted from CriminalJustice and Behavior, 1974, 1, 123-130,

with permission of the author and Sage Publications. The Way It Looks to Me-Self-Concept Inventory by Walter C. Reckless is reprinted by permission

of the author. Weekly Activity Record by W. O. Jenkins is reprinted by permission of the author. What Teenagers Think by Kenneth V. Stein is reprinted by permission of the author.

xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Finally, we are grateful to the authors and publishers listed below for allowing us to reprint the following tables in this book:

Table 6. From "Two Scales for Measuring Attitudes toward Police" by J. L. Philips and R. Coates, Wisconsin Sociologist. 1971. 8. 3-19, Table 2.

Table 12. From "Prisoners' Attitudes toward Components of the Legal and Judicial System" by G. P. Alpert and D. A. Hicks, Criminology 1977, 14.461-482, Table 5.

Table 14. From "Children's Perceptions of the Police" by R. L. Derbyshire, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1968,59. 183-190, Table 3.

Table 15. From "Black Militant Ideology and the Law" by J. D. McConnell and J. D. Martin, Criminology. 1972, 10. 111-116, Table I.

Tables 16 and 17. From "Changes in Attitudes towards Law Concomitant with Imprisonment" by C. L. Hulin and B. A. Maher, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1959,50. 245-248, Tables I and 2.

Table 18. From "Competency for Trial: A Screening Instrument" by P. D. Lipsitt, D. Lelos, and L. McGarry. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1971, 128. 137-141, Table 2.

Table 21. From "Social Climates in Prison: An Attempt to Conceptualize and Measure Environ­mental Factors in Total Institutions" by E. A. Wenk and R. H. Moos, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 1972, 9. 134-148, Table I.

Tables 22 and 23. From Living in Prisons: The Ecology of Prison Survival by H. Toch, Tables 12-4 and 12-5. Copyright 1977 by the Free Press, New York, New York.

Table 25. From "Dimensions and Patterns of Adolescent, Anti-Social Behavior" by J. A. Kulik, K. B. Stein, and T. R. Sarbin, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1968, 32. 375-382, Table 2.

Tables 26 and 27. From "The Changing Relationship between Official and Self-Reported Measures of Delinquency: An Exploratory Predictive Study" by M. L. Erickson, Journal of Criminal Law. Criminology, and Police Science. 1972, 63. 388-395, Tables I and 2.

Table 28. From "Scaling Delinquent Behavior" by F. 1. Nye and J. F. Short, American Sociological Review. 1957, 22. 326-331, Table I.

Table 29. From "Basic Attitude in Delinquency" by G. Russon, Corrective Psychiatry and Journal of Social Therapy. 1969, 15. 38-48, Table p. 45.

Tables 36 and 37. From "Delinquency as a Function of Intrafamily Relationships" by P. Venezia, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 1968,5. 147-173, Tables I and F.

Table 38. From "Future Time Perspectives: Its Relation to the Socialization Process and the Delinquent Role" by K. B. Stein, T. R. Sarbin, and J. A. Kulik, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1968,32. 257-264, Table 2.

Table 40. From "Construct Validity of the Miniature Situations Test. II. The Performance of Institutional Delinquents and High School Adolescents" by S. Santostefano and G. Wilson, Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1968,24. 355-358, Table I.

Tables 42 and 43. "From Self-Concept Measure of Potential Delinquency" by S. Dinitz and W. C. Reckless, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1962,32. 159-168.

Tables 44 and 45. From "Adolescent Morality: Its Differentiated Structure and Relation to Delin­quent Conduct" by D. B. Stein, T. R. Sarbin, C. L. Chu, and J. A. Kulik, Multivariate Behavioral Research. 1967,2. 199-210, Tables 3 and 5.

Tables 47 and 48. From The Stodgill Behavior Cards: A Test-Interview for Delinquent Children by R. M. Stodgill, p. 6, Table I; p. 8, Table 4. Copyright 1941 by the Stoelting Company, Chicago, Illinois.

Table 49. From Comprehension of Miranda Rights: Manual for Administration and Scoring by J. T. Grisso and S. Manoogian. Copyright 1977 by J. T. Grisso, St. Louis, Missouri.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii

Table 50. From "Prisoners' Perceptions of the Impact of Institutional Stay" by K. L. Sindwani and W. C. Reckless, Criminology. 1973,11.461-471, Table J.

Tables 52 and 53. From "Language, Socialization, and Delinquency" by J. A. Kulik. T. R. Sarbin, and K. B. Stein, Developmental Psychology. 1971,4.434-439, Tables 3 and 4.

Table 60. From "Inmates' Perceptions of Significant Others and the Implications for the Rehabil­itation Process" by D. H. Chang, C. H. Zastro, and D. L. Blazicek. International Journal of Criminology and Penology. 1975,3. 85-96. Table 3.

Table 69. From The Development and Validation of Scales to Measure Hostility and Aggression by R. Blackburn. p. 7, Table 3. Copyright 1974 by the Special Hospitals Research Unit, London, England.

Table 7/. From "A Comparison of the Ethical Self-Presentations of Schizophrenics, Prisoners and Normals" by C. G. Watson, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1972,28. 479-483, Table 2.

Table 72. From "The Attitudes of Offenders toward Occupations in the Administration of Justice" by P. B. Watson. Criminology. 1965,6. 83-96, Table I.

Table 73. From "Delinquent Attitudes and Self-Esteem" by A. Rathus and J. Siegel, Adolescence. 1973,8. 265-276, Table 2.

Table 74. From EITS Manual: Bristol Social Adjustment Guides. pp. 14-15. Table C. Copyright 1972 Education and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego. California.

Table 79. From "The Measurement of Pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale" by A. T. Beck. A. Weissman. D. Lester. and L. Trexler, Journal of Consulting Psychology. 1974,42.861-865, Table 3.

Tables 80 and 81. From Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure; Manual and Tentative Norms by J. Platt, G. Spivack, and M. Bloom, pp. 27-29, Tables I and 2. Copyright 1971 by the Department of Mental Health Sciences, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital. Philadel­phia. Pennsylvania.

Tables 82 and 83. From "The Application of Self-Esteem in a Correctional Setting: I. Reliability of the Scale and Relationship to Other Measures" by L. A. Bennett. D. E. Sorenson. and H. Forshay, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 1971, 8. 1-9. Tables I and 2.

Contents

CHAPTER 1 Scale Needs and Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 2 Search and Selection of Scales for Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

CHAPTER 3 Using This Handbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

CHAPTER 4 Ethical Issues and the Protection of Human Subjects. . . . . . . . . 25

CHAPTER 5 MMPI and CPI Special Scales 31

CHAPTER 6 Law Enforcement and Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Reviews .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Attitudes toward Police (Competence-Hostility). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Attitude toward Police (Semantic Differential and Likert Formats). . . . 47 Attitude toward Police Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Law Enforcement Perception Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

xv

xvi CONTENTS

Perceptions of Police Scales .................................. . Prisoners' Attitude Scales .................................... .

Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Listings ........................ . Attitudes toward the Criminal Justice System .................... . Attitudes toward Law Enforcement ............................ . Attitudes toward Police ..................................... . Attitudes toward Police .............. ....................... . Attitude toward the Police ............. . ..................... . Attitudes toward the Police ................................... . Police Community-Relations Interview ......................... . Police Opinion of Work Questionnaire ......................... . Police Perspectives and Behaviors in a Campus Disturbance ........ . Portune Attitude-toward-Police Scale ........................... .

Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Reviews ..................... . Police-Citizen Interaction Rating Scales ........................ .

Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Listings ...................... . Client Telephone Questionnaire ............................... . Cop Personality Questionnaire ................................ . Performance Rating Systems for Police (Performance Rating Scales) .. Police Peer Evaluation Scale ................................. . Police Task Performance Scale .. " ........................... .

Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Reviews .................. . Cynicism Questionnaire ..................................... .

Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Listings ................... . Police Flexibility Measurement ............................... . Police Job Stress Interview ................................... .

Law Enforcement Milieu Ratings: Listings ............ , ....... '" .. Professionalization Assessment for Police Organizations ........... .

Law Enforcement Prediction: Reviews ........................... . Clues Test ................................................ .

Law Enforcement Prediction: Listings ............................ . Public Personnel Association Test (PPA) ....................... .

Law Enforcement Description: Reviews .......................... . Children's Perceptions of the Police ........................... . Citizen's Perception of Police Scale ........................... . Foot Patrolman Observation Test .............................. . Police Task Preference Questionnaire .......................... .

Law Enforcement Description: Listings ........................... . Abbreviated Police Identification Scale ......................... . ADAPT Scale (Arrest Decisions As Preludes To) ... .............. . Information Handling in Police Decision Making ................. . Job Analysis and Interest Measurements ........................ . Perceptions of Justice Interview ............................... .

59 65 69 69 69 69 69 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 83 83 83 83 86 90 92 95 95 95 95 95 96

CONTENTS xvii

Police Image Questionnaire ................................... 96 Police Isolation Questionnaire ................................. 96 Police Prediction of Public Attitudes Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

CHAPTER 7 Courts and the Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Attitude toward Capital Punishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Attitude toward the Law (Martin and McConnell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Attitude toward the Law Scale (Katz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Attitude toward Law and Justice Scale: A Sentence-Completion Test. . 107 Capital Punishment Attitude Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III Juvenile Court Volunteer Effectiveness Interview Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Legal Attitudes Questionnaire ................................. 117

Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Attitudes toward the Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Attitudes toward Legal Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Attitudes toward the Legal System (Thomas, Petersen, and Zingraff) 122 Attitudes toward the Legal System (Torney). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Attitudes toward Due Process and the Juvenile Court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Attitude toward Probation Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Ideological and Law-Abidingness Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Juvenile Justice-What Do You Think? . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 123 Knowledge of Student Rights Scale, Cynicism about the Law and

Legal System Scale, Knowledge of the Law in General Scale .... 123 Law Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124

Courts and the Law Personality Assessment: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Competency Screening Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Competency to Stand Trial Assessment Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Courts and the Law Milieu Ratings: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Pre-trial Intervention Program Questionnaire ..................... 133

Courts and the Law Prediction: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Pre-trial Release Decisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Courts and the Law Description: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Judicial Role Perception Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Probation Officer-Client Relationship Valence Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Problem Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Courts and the Law Description: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Goal Attainment Scale ....................................... 146 Judicial Roles Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Juvenile Court Role Expectations Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

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Perception of Stigma Interview Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Probationer and Volunteer Evaluation Questionnaires .............. 147

CHAPTER 8 Corrections ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Corrections Attitude Scales: Reviews ............................. 150 Attitudes toward Juvenile Detention ............................ 150 Institutional Life Questionnaire ................................ 160 Rehabilitation in Correctional Settings Attitude Scale .............. 164

Corrections Attitude Scales: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Attitude toward the Death Penalty .............. , . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 171 Attitudes toward Enforced Group Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Attitude to Psychiatry Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Attitude toward Punishment of Criminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Parole Officer Punishment and Reintegrative Orientation

Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Rehabilitative Value Perception Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Corrections Behavior Ratings: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 The Prison Adjustment Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Recidivism Outcome Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Corrections Behavior Ratings: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Probation Program Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Work-Release Staff Role Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Corrections Personality Assessment: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Prison Projective Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Corrections Personality Assessment: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Alienation Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Prisoner-Therapist Q-Sort .................................... 181

Corrections Milieu Ratings: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Correctional Institutions Environment Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Prison Profile Inventory ...................................... 186

Corrections Milieu Ratings: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Child Care Work Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 193 Classification for Placement in Training Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Group Evaluation Criterion Card Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Index of Perspectives on Institution and Staff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Institutional Living and Inmate Code Scales .... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Response to Incarceration Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Training in Differential Treatment Assessment Instruments. . . . . . . . . . 194

Corrections Prediction: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Hunch Parolability Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Parolability Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 198

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Corrections Prediction: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206 Institutional Adjustment Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Parole Adjustment Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206 Parole Prediction Procedure with Women Offenders .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206 Parole Prediction Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Parole Prediction through Variable Interactions ................... 207 Parole Success Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 207 Postprison Success Prediction ................................. , 207 Recidivism Base Expectancy Scale ............................ , 208 Recidivism Prediction Scale . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208

Corrections Description: Reviews ................................ 208 Index of Conformity to Staff Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208 Organizational Structure and Prisonization Scale .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Public Offender Counseling Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 215

Corrections Description: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 Alternatives to Incarceration Client Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 Assessment of I-Level Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 CJC Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219 Correctional Officers' Interest Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219 Critical Incident Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219 Differential Treatment Pretraining Questionnaires-Trainees'

Supervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Inmate Questionnaire ........................................ 220 Inmates' Recreation Activities Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 220 Inmate Social Role Adaptation Scale .......................... " 220 Institutional Impact Questionnaires ............................. 220 Interview Rating Questionnaire ................................ 221 Long-Term Prisoners Interview Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221 Parole Decision Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221 Parole Decision Making Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221 Parole Officer Evaluation of Vocational Rehabilitation Services . . . . .. 222 Prerelease Furlough Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222 Pretraining Questionnaire-Trainee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222 Prison Guard Job Perceptions Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Treatment-Custody Conflict Questionnaire ..................... " 223 Values and Sociometric Choices Questionnaire ................... 223

CHAPTER 9 Delinquency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Delinquency Attitude Scales: Reviews ............................ , 225 Attitudes toward Juvenile Delinquency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225

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Delinquency Attitude Scales: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 234 Juvenile Delinquency Attitude Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 234

Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 234 Delinquency Checklist ....................................... 234 Delinquency Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Self-Reported Delinquency Scales (Arnold) ...................... 241 Self-Reported Delinquency Scale (Gibson) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 246 Self-Reported Delinquency Scales (Nye and Short) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Traits Indicating Attitude Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 253 Violence Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Delinquent Behavior Interview Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Group Data Schedule ........................................ 260 Inmate Management Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261 Institutional Adjustment Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261 Peer Rating Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261 Self-Report Delinquency Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261 Self-Reported Delinquency Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261 Self-Reported Delinquent Behavior Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 262 Youngster Behavior Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Delinquency Personality Assessment: Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Beverly-Grant Opinion Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 262 Correctional Staff Evaluation Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Delinquency Scale (PN Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Differential Behavioral Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 Family Information Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284 Future Events Test .......................................... 289 Jesness Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 292 Miniature Situations Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 298 Way It Looks to Me-Self-Concept Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 What Teenagers Think. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 306

Delinquency Personality Assessment: Listings .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Behavioral Syndromes ....................................... 317 Delinquency Differential Classification System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Delinquency Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Delinquency Self-Concept Scale ............................... 317 Delinquency Self-Concept Items ............................... 318 Foster Parent Preference Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 318 Group Home Parents Interview Schedules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 How the Future Looks to Me Scale. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 318 Kohlberg Interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 319 Parental Attitude Research Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Psychiatric Data Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 319

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Sentence Completion Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 319 Treatment Personnel Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320 Value Consensus Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320

Delinquency Milieu Rating: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Attitudes toward School Questionnaire ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320 Life Functioning Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320 Social Climate Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 321

Delinquency Prediction: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 321 Integrative Delinquency Scale ................................. 321 Delinquency Proneness Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324

Delinquency Prediction: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Individual Child Fact Sheet and Rating Fonn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327 KD Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 KD Proneness Scale .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 School Interest Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 Student Opinion Survey and Parent Interview Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Delinquency Description: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Behavior Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 329 Comprehensive Miranda Rights Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 336 Inmate Perception of Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Seriousness of Delinquency Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 352 Teenage Slang Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 356

Delinquency Description: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367 Approval of Illegal Behaviors Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367 Characteristics of Youngsters Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Delinquency and Popularity Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 368 Differential Association Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Evaluation of Delinquency Preventative Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Exposure to Deviance Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 368 Family Background and Urban Delinquency Questionnaire. . . . . . . . .. 369 Family and Peer Group Valuation Scales ........................ 369 Female Juvenile Recidivism Descriptive Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 369 Goal Orientations Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 369 Importance Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 370 Interest and Activities Inventory ............................... 370 Juvenile Probation Administrative Action Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 370 Marion County Youth Study Questionnaires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 370 Potential Cost Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Probation Counselors' Success Rating Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 371 Sellin-Wolfgang Delinquency Index ............................ 371 Severity of Offense Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Social Data Schedule ........................................ 372 Social Work Data Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 372

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CHAPTER 10 Offenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 373

Offenders Attitude Scales: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 374 Attitudes toward Offenders and Mental Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 374 Attitude toward Prisoners Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 377 Criminally Insane Attitude Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Offenders Behavior Ratings: Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Criminal Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Law Encounter Severity Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391

Offenders Behavior Ratings: Listings ............................. 395 Index of Social Contacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Personal Characteristics Rating Report .......................... 395

Offenders Personality Assessment: Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Accessibility Scale .......................................... 396 Inmate Personality Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Interpersonal Personality Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 412 Prison Fantasy Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 418

Offenders Personality Assessment: Listings ........................ 425 Criminal Self-Conceptions Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 425 I-Level Classification ........................................ 425 Inmate Dependency Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 425 Multimethod Assessment System ............................. " 425 Porteus Maze Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Powerless Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 426 Postprison Expectation Scale .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 426 Stereoscopic Resolution Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 426 Stratton Identification with Criminal Others and Orientation to

Criminal Means Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Offender Description: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427

Inmates' Perception of Significant Others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427 Ohio Penal Classification Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 436

Offenders Description: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 438 Community Follow- up Interview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 438 Criminality Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 438 Criminal Attitudes and Values Scales ......................... " 438 Involvement Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 439 Images of Criminality Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 439 Perception of Addicts and Addiction Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 439 Prisoner Attribute Typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 439 Recidivism Seriousness Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Social Organization of Burglary Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

CONTENTS xxiii

CHAPTER 11 Crime and Criminality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 441

Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Reviews .................... 442 Aggression-Altruism Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 442 Attitude toward the Prevalence of Stealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 445 Criminal Attitude Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 450 Criminality Level Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 453

Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 456 Attitudes toward Violence Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 456 Public Attitudes toward Crime and Corrections Survey . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457 Public Opinion about Crime Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457

Crime and Criminality Behavior Ratings: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457 Aggression in Youth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457 Maladaptive Behavior Record ................................. 460

Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 466 Giannell Index of Criminality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 466 Intentionality in Criminal Situations Scale ....................... 469

Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 472 Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 472 Scrambled Sentence Test ..................................... 472 Stereoscopic Perception of Violence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 472

Crime and Criminality Prediction: Reviews ........................ 473 Anger Disposition Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 473 Delinquency Potential Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 482 Hostility Scale-Aggression Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 487 Legal Dangerousness Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 493

Crime and Criminality Description: Reviews ....................... 496 Ethics Inventory ............................................ 496 Parental Punitiveness Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 504 Risk Perception Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 512

Crime and Criminality Description: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 519 African View of Crime Interview Schedule ...................... 519 Attitudes toward Crime and Punishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 519 Crime Control Orientation Scale ............................... 519 Crime Seriousness Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 519 Criminal Justice Attitudes and Knowledge Scale .......... . . . . . . .. 520 Exposure to Family and Peer Deviance Indices ................... 520 Fear of Crime and Fear of the Police Interviews .................. 520 Offense Perception Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 520 Perception of Crime Scale .................................... 521 Perception of Deviancy Schema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521

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Public Surveys of Crime and Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 Treatment of Violent Patients Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521

CHAPTER 12 General Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523

General Attitude Scales: Reviews ................................ 524 Attitude toward Any Institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 524 Attitudes toward Government Workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 529 Delinquent Attitudes and Self-Esteem Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

General Attitude Scales: Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 Attitudes toward Deviant Behavior ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 536 Attitude toward Disabled Persons .............................. 536 Child-Parent Relationship Scale ............................... 536 Itkin Attitudes toward Parents and Children Scales ................ 536 Policeman's View of Citizens' Support Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 537 Stanford Parent Attitude Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

General Behavior Ratings: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 Bristol Social Adjustment Guides .............................. 537 Weekly Activity Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542

General Behavior Ratings: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Behavioral Coding System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

General Personality Assessment: Reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Compulsive Masculinity Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Hopelessness Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 550 Hostility and Aggression Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 558 Reaction Inventory: ANGER .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 563 Self-Attitude Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

General Personality Assessment: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 574 The Adjective Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 574 Authoritarianism Scale (A Scale) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 574 Balanced Dogmatism Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 574 Buss-Durkee Hostility Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 575 Cartoon Aggression Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 575 Community Adaptation Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 575 Edwards' Personal Preference Schedule ......................... 575 Eyesenck Personality Inventory ....................... , . . . . . . .. 575 F Scale and F Scale Revisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 576 Hand Test ................................................. 576 Hogan Moral Conduct Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 576

CONTENTS uv

Interpersonal Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 576 Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 577 Just World Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement ................... " . . . . . . .. 577 Maudsley Personality Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 Miale-Holsopple Sentence Completion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 578 Mosher Incomplete Sentence Test (MIST) ..................... .. 578 Offer Self-Image Questionnaire .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 579 Personal Orientation Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 579 The Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 579 Rokeach Value Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 579 Rotter I-E Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 580 Shapiro Adjective Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 580 Tennessee Self-Concept Scale ( TSCS ) ........................ " 580 Twenty Statements Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 580 Values Inventory for Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 581 Zimmer Sentence Completion Test (ZSCT) ...................... 581

General Scales-Description: Reviews ............................ 581 Awareness of Limited Opportunity Scale ................ ,....... 581 Behavior Prediction Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 584 Family-Change Scale ........................................ 591 Value Orientation Scale ...................................... 594

General Scales-Description: Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 597 Deviance Control Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 597 Role Behavior Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 597 Semantic Differential Technique ............................... 597

Bibliography .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Index...................................................... 603