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Handbook of Nanoparticles

Mahmood AliofkhazraeiEditor

Handbook ofNanoparticles

With 560 Figures and 132 Tables

EditorMahmood AliofkhazraeiDepartment of Materials EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran, Iran

ISBN 978-3-319-15337-7 ISBN 978-3-319-15338-4 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-319-15339-1 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15338-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949630

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Preface

Most of the physical properties of materials are changed by changing the scale of

the particles from micrometer to nanometer. One of the reasons for these changes is

increasing the surface-to-volume ratio, and another one is changing the size of the

moving object inside the territories in which quantum effects are ruling. In fact, the

ratio of internal surface atoms increases, and the properties of the surface atoms rule

over the internal atoms’ behavior. These changes affect the properties and interac-

tion of the particles. Increasing the surface is an important factor in the proficiency

of the catalysts. Also increasing the surface (shell surface) of the nanoparticles can

enormously affect the interactions of the materials such as nanocomposites and can

change the chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of such materials.

Considering the bigger size of nanoparticles in comparison to the wavelength of

the visible light, they can be used in packaging applications, makeup techniques,

adornment, and color coatings. According to the quantum effects or increasing the

surface atoms, some of the properties of the nanoparticles may not be easily

predictable. For example, it has been lately shown that the structures of the silicon

nanoparticles are nanospherical with 40–100 nm diameter. These nanoparticles are

not only harder than silicon but also as hard as diamond.

Nanoparticles have been used for many years, but probably they were first used

in glass utensils of the ancient Chinese dynasty. There is a fourth-century Roman

cup named as “Lycurgus Cup” held in the British Museum with the relief sculpture

of King Lycurgus. The cup structure is mainly made of silicon dioxide and a sodium

oxide and calcium coating with few gold nanoparticles. The presence of gold

nanoparticles results in changing the color of the cup. When light radiates inside

the cup, it turns green, and when light radiates outside the cup, it turns red. The

main origin of this phenomenon was unknown in those times. Lately, a vast variety

of nanoparticles have been fabricated using different types of materials. The most

important and common type of these nanoparticles are ceramics. One of the most

important parts of these ceramic nanoparticles is metal oxides such as titanium

oxides, iron oxides, aluminum oxides, etc. As it is clear, the nanoparticles should be

smaller than 100 nm. A lot of novel applications have emerged for the particles in

this range of size. Using nanoparticles in metallic ceramics and metal oxides

increases their hardness in comparison to their prior state in all sizes. Reduction

v

in the size of the particles changes the reactivity and the electronic, physical,

chemical, magnetic, and optical properties of these materials.

The speed of progress in research around nanoparticles increased during recent

years. As a result, this handbook aims to gather different aspects of nanoparticles,

especially around their synthesis and surface modification, besides their advances.

I would like to appreciate all contributors of this handbook and thank them for

their hard work, patience during the preparation of this handbook, and also their

high-quality chapters. We hope the publishing of this handbook will help all

researchers to benefit from this collection.

Tehran, Iran Mahmood Aliofkhazraei

August 2015

vi Preface

Contents

Volume 1

1 Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Boron Nitride

Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Takeo Oku

2 Characteristics of Secondary Electrons from IrradiatedGold Nanoparticle in Radiotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

James Chun Lam Chow

3 Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation of Bulk Target Materials

in Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

N. G. Semaltianos

4 Nano-Emulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Nicolas Anton and Thierry F. Vandamme

5 Characterization and Imaging of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Melike Uner

6 Sonochemistry: A Greener Protocol for Nanoparticles

Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Aniruddha B. Patil and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage

7 Synthesis of Pure and Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

by Cost Effective Facile Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

D. Gopi, L. Kavitha, and D. Rajeswari

8 Monolayer-Protected Metal Nanoclusters with Chirality:

Synthesis, Size Fractionation, Optical Activity and

Asymmetric Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Hiroshi Yao

vii

9 Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles Based on the

Abundant Usages of X-ray Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Anh Thi Ngoc Dao, Derrick M. Mott, and Shinya Maenosono

10 Nucleation Kinetics, Size Effects, and Surface Treatment . . . . . . 245

Toshio Takiya, Karin Furukawa, Naoaki Fukuda, Min Han, and

Minoru Yaga

11 Size-Dependant Optical Properties of NanoparticlesAnalyzed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay and Nirmalya Sankar Das

12 Synthesis of Nanoparticles via Solvothermal and

Hydrothermal Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Jianlin Li, Qingliu Wu, and Ji Wu

13 Advances in Spray Drying Technology for Nanoparticle

Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Tin Wui Wong and Philipp John

14 Development and Characterization of Stimulus-Sensitive

Nano/Microparticles for Medical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Jyothi U. Menon, Dat X. Nguyen, and Kytai T. Nguyen

15 Wet Media Milling: An Effective Way to Solve DrugSolubility Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Ranjita Shegokar

16 Laser Fabrication of Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

A. P. Caricato, A. Luches, and M. Martino

17 Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanoporous

Materials for Sensing and Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Kexin Jiao, Katherine T. Flynn, and Punit Kohli

18 Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials UsingMicrofluidic Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Chun-Xia Zhao and Anton P. J. Middelberg

19 Nanoparticle Size Effect on Some Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . 475

Costica Caizer

20 Emission Properties of Metal Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

S. A. Nepijko, H. J. Elmers, and G. Schonhense

21 Formation of Nanoparticles and Decoration of OrganicCrystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Paul Jara, Bárbara Herrera, and Nicolás Yutronic

22 Nanoparticle Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

M. A. Mangold, A. W. Holleitner, J. S. Agustsson, and M. Calame

viii Contents

23 Supported Nanoparticle Synthesis by Electrochemical

Deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Jon Ustarroz, Annick Hubin, and Herman Terryn

24 Laser Ablation Synthesis and Properties of Nanocrystalline

Oxide Powders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

V. V. Osipov, V. V. Platonov, and V. V. Lisenkov

25 Melting Temperature of Metallic Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Fan Gao and Zhiyong Gu

26 Sol-Gel-Derived Nanoscale Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

Mason J. Burger, Benjamin J. Robinson, and Leonard F. Pease III

Volume 2

27 Electrochemistry of Metal Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots . . . . 715

Antonio Domenech-Carbo, Raquel E. Galian,

Jordi Aguilera-Sigalat, and Julia Perez-Prieto

28 The Spectral Properties of (SiO2)n, (GaN)m, (GaAs)m,

(SiO2)n(GaN)m, and (SiO2)n(GaAs)m Nanoparticles:

Computer Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

Alexander Y. Galashev

29 Nanoparticle-Assisted Organic Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

Sonal I. Thakore and Puran Singh Rathore

30 Bio-Functionalized Metallic Nanoparticles with Applications

in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

Stela Pruneanu, Maria Coros, and Florina Pogacean

31 Thermo-optical Properties of Spherical Homogeneous and

Core–Shell Nanoparticles and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

Victor K. Pustovalov

32 Dye Nanoparticle or Nanocomposite-Coated Test Papers for

Detection at Ppb Levels of Harmful Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

Yukiko Takahashi

33 Structural Studies of Lipid-Based Nanosystems for Drug

Delivery: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Cryogenic Transmission

Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Elisabetta Esposito, Paolo Mariani, Markus Drechsler, and

Rita Cortesi

34 Nanoparticles as Nonviral Transfection Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891

Nelisa T€urkoglu Lacin and Kadriye Kızılbey

Contents ix

35 Assessing Toxicity of Nanoparticles: In Vitro and

In Vivo Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

Dong Hyun Jo, Jin Hyoung Kim, Tae Geol Lee, and

Jeong Hun Kim

36 Nanoparticle Functionalization for Brain Targeting Drug

Delivery and Diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Maria Joao Gomes, Bárbara Mendes, Susana Martins, and

Bruno Sarmento

37 Nanoparticles and Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

Santa Chawla

38 Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Role of

Polymers and Surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Ritu Singh and Virendra Misra

39 Advanced Engineering Approaches in the Development of

PLGA-Based Nanomedicines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009

Mazen M. El-Hammadi and Jose L. Arias

40 Effect of Size and Functionalization of Pharmaceutical

Nanoparticles and Their Interaction with Biological Systems . . . . 1041

Roberto Dıaz-Torres, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Jose Juan

Escobar-Chávez, Elizabeth Garcıa-Garcıa, Clara Luisa

Domınguez-Delgado, and Patricia Ramırez-Noguera

41 Organic Modification of Hydroxylated Nanoparticles: Silica,

Sepiolite, and Polysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061

Pilar Tiemblo, Nuria Garcıa, Mario Hoyos, Alberto Mejıa, and

Raquel de Francisco

42 Surface Treatment Strategies on Catalytic Metal

Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Francisco J. Vidal-Iglesias, Maria Gomez-Mingot, and

Jose Solla-Gullon

43 Surface Decoration of Organic Ligands on Quantum Dots:

Fine Tuning of Photophysical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Navneet Kaur, Vimal K. Bharadwaj, Kamalpreet Kaur, and

Narinder Singh

44 Cyclodextrins as Multitask Agents in Nanocatalysis . . . . . . . . . . . 1151

Sebastien Noel, Bastien Leger, Anne Ponchel, and Eric Monflier

45 Synthesis and Properties of Metal-Based Nanoparticles with

Potential Applications in Food-Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

Raul A. Trbojevich and Avelina Fernández

x Contents

46 Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Gases and Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

Valery Ya. Rudyak

47 Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219

Qin Hu, Christopher Tuck, Ricky Wildman, and Richard Hague

48 Water Transfer of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles: Principles and

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279

Marlene Branca, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Diana Ciuculescu

Karine Philippot, and Catherine Amiens

49 Applications of Nanoparticles in Mass Spectrometry for Highly

Sensitive Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313

Cuilan Chang, Jialing Zhang, Ze Li, Liping Li, Linnan Xu,

Xianjiang Li, Baosheng Feng, Yu Bai, and Huwei Liu

50 Gold Nanoparticles for DNA/RNA-Based Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . 1339

Ricardo Franco, Pedro Pedrosa, Fábio Ferreira Carlos,

Bruno Veigas, and Pedro V. Baptista

51 Nanoparticles for Mass Spectrometry Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

Miguel Larguinho, Jose Luıs Capelo, and Pedro V. Baptista

52 Biomediated Atomic Metal Nanoclusters: Synthesis

and Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397

Mark H. Griep, Abby L. West, Michael S. P. Sellers

Molleshree Karna, Edric Zhan, and Nabila Hoque

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1427

Contents xi

About the Editor

Dr. Mahmood Aliofkhazraei is assistant professor inthe materials engineering department at Tarbiat

Modares University. Dr. Aliofkhazraei’s research inter-

ests include nanotechnology and its use in surface and

corrosion science. One of his main interests is plasma

electrolysis, and he has published more than 40 papers

and a book in this area. Totally, he has published more

than 12 books and 90 journal papers. He has given some

invited talks including several keynotes in several

countries. Aliofkhazraei has received several awards

including the Khwarizmi award, IMES medal, INIC

award, best thesis award (multiple times), best book award (multiple times), and

the best young nanotechnologist award of Iran (two times). He is on the advisory

editorial board of several materials science and nanotechnology journals. He is a

member of the National Association of Surface Sciences, Iranian Corrosion Asso-

ciation, and National Elites Foundation of Iran.

xiii

Contributors

Jordi Aguilera-Sigalat Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de

Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

J. S. Agustsson Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Univer-

sity of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Catherine Amiens LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS,

Toulouse, France

UPS, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

INPT, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

Nicolas Anton Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS 7199 Laboratoire de Conception et

Application de Molecules Bioactives (CAMB), equipe de Pharmacie Biogalenique,

University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Jose L. Arias Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty

of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n,

Granada, Spain

Yu Bai Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Analyt-

ical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking Univer-

sity, Beijing, China

Pedro V. Baptista UCIBIO, CIGMH, Departamento de Ciencias da Vida,

Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,

Portugal

Bhalchandra M. Bhanage Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Tech-

nology, Matunga, Mumbai, India

Vimal K. Bharadwaj Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology

Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India

xv

Marlene Branca LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, Tou-

louse, France



LPCNO (Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nanoobjets), CNRS, INSA,

Toulouse, France

Mason J. Burger Chemical Engineering, Internal Medicine, Pharmaceutics and

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt

Lake City, UT, USA

Costica Caizer West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Physics, Department of

Physics, Timisoara, Romania

M. Calame Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of

Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Jose Luıs Capelo UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quımica, Faculdade

de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

A. P. Caricato Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, Univer-

sity of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Fábio Ferreira Carlos CIGMH, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de

Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

STABVIDA, Caparica, Portugal

Cuilan Chang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of

Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking

University, Beijing, China

Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Depart-

ment of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Santa Chawla Luminescent Materials Group, CSIR-National Physical Labora-

tory, New Delhi, India

James Chun Lam Chow Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer

Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Diana Ciuculescu LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, Tou-

louse, France



Maria Coros National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and

Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

xvi Contributors

Rita Cortesi Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of

Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Roberto Dıaz-Torres Laboratory 9: Toxicology and Genetics. Unidad de

Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán,Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Mexico,

Mexico

Anh Thi Ngoc Dao School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of

Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan

Nirmalya Sankar Das Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of

Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Antonio Domenech-Carbo Departamento de Quımica Analıtica, Universidad de

Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

Clara Luisa Domınguez-Delgado Laboratory 12: Sistemas Transdermicos y

Materiales Nanoestructurados. Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria.

Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de

Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, Mexico

Markus Drechsler Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research – Electron

Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

Mazen M. El-Hammadi Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technol-

ogy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja

s/n, Granada, Spain

Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Phar-

macy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria

H. J. Elmers Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Jose Juan Escobar-Chávez Laboratory 12: Sistemas Transdermicos y Materiales

Nanoestructurados. Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de

Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,

Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, Mexico

Elisabetta Esposito Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University

of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Baosheng Feng Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of



Avelina Fernández Instituto de Fısica Corpuscular (CSIC), Edificio Institutos de

Investigacion, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

Katherine T. Flynn Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern

Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA

Contributors xvii

Raquel de Francisco Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologıa de Polımeros, Consejo

Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Ricardo Franco REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciencias e

Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

Naoaki Fukuda Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto

University, Kyoto, Japan

Karin Furukawa Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Osaka, Japan

Maria Gomez-Mingot Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR

8229, College de France, Paris, France

Alexander Y. Galashev Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural

Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Raquel E. Galian Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valen-

cia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

Fan Gao Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts

Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA

Nuria Garcıa Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologıa de Polımeros, Consejo Superior

de Investigaciones Cientıficas (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Elizabeth Garcıa-Garcıa Psicofarma S.A. de C.V., Col. Toriello Guerra, Mexico

Maria Joao Gomes INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of

Porto, Porto, Portugal

D. Gopi Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Periyar University, Salem,

Tamilnadu, India

Mark H. Griep Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army Research

Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD, USA

Zhiyong Gu Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts

Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA

Richard Hague Faculty of Engineering, EPSRC Centre for Innovative

Manufacturing in Additive Manufacturing, The University of Nottingham,

Nottingham, UK

Min Han Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University,

Nanjing, China

Bárbara Herrera Departamento de Quımica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad

de Chile, Santiago, Chile

xviii Contributors

A. W. Holleitner Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische

Universitat M€unchen, Garching, Germany

Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany

Nabila Hoque Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army Research


Mario Hoyos Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologıa de Polımeros, Consejo Superior


Qin Hu Faculty of Engineering, EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in

Additive Manufacturing, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Annick Hubin Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering

(SURF), Vrije Univeristeit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

Mahmoud Ibrahim LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, Tou-

louse, France



Paul Jara Departamento de Quımica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile,

Santiago, Chile

Kexin Jiao Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois Univer-

sity, Carbondale, IL, USA

Dong Hyun Jo Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Labora-

tory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Repub-

lic of Korea

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National Univer-

sity, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Philipp John BUCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland

Kadriye Kızılbey Science and Technology Application and Research Center,

Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Molleshree Karna Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army

Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD, USA

Navneet Kaur Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (UIEAST), Panjab

University, Chandigarh, India

Kamalpreet Kaur Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology

Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India

L. Kavitha Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central

University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India

Contributors xix

Jin Hyoung Kim Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Labo-

ratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,

Republic of Korea

Jeong Hun Kim Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Labora-

tory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Repub-

lic of Korea

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National Univer-

sity, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University,

Seoul, Republic of Korea

Punit Kohli Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois

University, Carbondale, IL, USA

Bastien Leger Unite de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, CNRS UMR 8181,

UCCS Artois, Universite d’Artois, Faculte Jean Perrin, Lens, France

Raquel Lopez-Arellano Laboratory 5: LEDEFAR. Unidad de Investigacion

Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad

Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, Mexico

Nelisa T€urkoglu Lacin Science and Technology Application and Research

Center, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Miguel Larguinho UCIBIO, CIGMH, Departamento de Ciencias da Vida,

Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,

Portugal

Tae Geol Lee Center for Nano-Bio Convergence, World Class Laboratory, Korea

Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Jianlin Li Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National

Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

Ze Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Analytical

Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University,

Beijing, China

Liping Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Ana-

lytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking


Xianjiang Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of



V. V. Lisenkov Institute of Electrophysics, Yekaterinburg, Russia

xx Contributors

Huwei Liu Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of



A. Luches Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of

Salento, Lecce, Italy

Shinya Maenosono School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of


M. A. Mangold IRsweep GmbH, c/o ETH Zurich, Institute f€ur Quantum

Electronics, Z€urich, Switzerland

Paolo Mariani Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and CNISM,

Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy

M. Martino Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University

of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Susana Martins Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of

Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Alberto Mejıa Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologıa de Polımeros, Consejo Superior


BárbaraMendes INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto,

Porto, Portugal

Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Jyothi U. Menon Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arling-

ton, Arlington, TX, USA

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical

Center, Dallas, TX, USA

Anton P. J. Middelberg Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, Australian Insti-

tute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland,

St Lucia, QLD, Australia

Virendra Misra Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology

Research (IITR), Lucknow, UP, India

Eric Monflier Unite de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, CNRS UMR 8181,


Derrick M. Mott School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of


S. A. Nepijko Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Contributors xxi

Dat X. Nguyen Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington,

Arlington, TX, USA



Kytai T. Nguyen Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arling-

ton, Arlington, TX, USA



Sebastien Noel Unite de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, CNRS UMR 8181,


Takeo Oku Department of Materials Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture,

Hikone, Shiga, Japan

V. V. Osipov Institute of Electrophysics, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Julia Perez-Prieto Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de

Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

Aniruddha B. Patil Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology,

Matunga, Mumbai, India

Leonard F. Pease III Chemical Engineering, Internal Medicine, Pharmaceutics

and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt

Lake City, UT, USA

Pedro Pedrosa CIGMH, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciencias e


Karine Philippot LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, Tou-

louse, France



V. V. Platonov Institute of Electrophysics, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Florina Pogacean National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic

and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Anne Ponchel Unite de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, CNRS UMR 8181,


Stela Pruneanu National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and

Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Victor K. Pustovalov Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus

xxii Contributors

D. Rajeswari Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu,

India

Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

Patricia Ramırez-Noguera Laboratory 9: Toxicology and Genetics. Unidad de

Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán,Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Mexico,

Mexico

Puran Singh Rathore Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maha-

raja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Benjamin J. Robinson Chemical Engineering, Internal Medicine, Pharmaceutics

and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt

Lake City, UT, USA

Valery Ya. Rudyak Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engi-

neering, Novosibirsk, Russia

Bruno Sarmento INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto,

Porto, Portugal

IINFACTS, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciencias

da Saude-Norte, Gandra, Portugal

G. Schonhense Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Michael S. P. Sellers Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army

Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD, USA

N. G. Semaltianos Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,

Thessaloniki, Greece

Ranjita Shegokar Freie Universitat Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Department

Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Kelchstraße 31, Berlin,

Germany

Ritu Singh Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences,

Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR),

Lucknow, UP, India

Narinder Singh Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar

(IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India

Jose Solla-Gullon Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, Alicante,

Spain

Yukiko Takahashi Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka

University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan

Contributors xxiii

Toshio Takiya Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Osaka, Japan

Herman Terryn Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering

(SURF), Vrije Univeristeit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

Sonal I. Thakore Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja

Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Pilar Tiemblo Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologıa de Polımeros, Consejo Superior


Raul A. Trbojevich Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for

Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA

Christopher Tuck Faculty of Engineering, EPSRC Centre for Innovative


Nottingham, UK

Melike Uner Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharma-

ceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey

Jon Ustarroz Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF),

Vrije Univeristeit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium

Thierry Vandamme Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS 7199 Laboratoire de Concep-

tion et Application de Molecules Bioactives (CAMB), equipe de Pharmacie

Biogalenique, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Bruno Veigas CIGMH, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciencias e


CENIMAT-I3N, Department of Material Sciences, Faculdade de Ciencias e


Francisco J. Vidal-Iglesias Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante,

Alicante, Spain

Abby L. West Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army Research


Ricky Wildman Faculty of Engineering, EPSRC Centre for Innovative


Nottingham, UK

Tin Wui Wong Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Qingliu Wu Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National

Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA

xxiv Contributors

Ji Wu Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA,

USA

Linnan Xu Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of



Minoru Yaga Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

Hiroshi Yao Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo,

Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan

Nicolás Yutronic Departamento de Quımica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad

de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Edric Zhan United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA

Jialing Zhang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of



Chun-Xia Zhao Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, Australian Institute for

Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia,

QLD, Australia

Contributors xxv

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