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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

BULLETIN 143

HANDBOOK OF

SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS JULIAN H STEWARD Editor

Volume 1

THE MARGINAL TRIBES

Prepared in Cooperltltion With tbe United States Department of State as a Projeet of the Interdepartmental Committee on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation

UNITE D STATES

GOYERNMENT PRINTING OFElCE

WASIDNGTON 1946

Printi~ OBilaquo W Wogwll 25 D C

THE SAMBAQufs OF THE BRAZILIAN COAST

By ANTONIO SERRANO

INTRODUCTION

The sambaquis are heaps of mollusk shells which occur in the shape of cordons or mounds along a large section of the Brazilian coast On the shores of some large rivers such as the Amazon these deposits are formed entirely by fresh -water species of mollusks

In both cases these shen deposits often concel1l archeological remains and burials of peoples who in ages past dwelt along the coast of Brazil

The word sambaqui is of Tupi-Guarani origin and means hill of shells (from tamba shell and quf hill in a figurative sense) Its literal equivalents would be conchero in Spanish and shell-heaps in English

A sambaqui is not always a kitchen midden (kjiikkenmiiddinger) a large majority of the sambaquis are nothing more than natuml deposits of mollusks which the receding ocean left on the shore

ORIGIN OF THE SAMBAQuls

The study of the sambaquis has created two currents of conflicting opinions One upholds the artificial origin of the sambaquls stating that they were formed by the accumulation of the shells of mollusks eaten by the people living along the coasts The other frankly admits that the sambl1qu[s I1re iittoral deposits that were first shaped by natural elements and later inhabited by native tribes But between these extreme theories is one that admits a mixed origin of the samshybaquis maintaining that the inhabitants of the region kept piling the shells of mollusks which they used for food on top of natural mounds of shells and thus increased their ~ This is sometimes ~ but not always true In the upper part of some sambaqufs which are clearly of natural origin I have observed shells and bones of fish and mammals that are typical kitchen waste But on the whole the artilicial contribution has hardly affected the general size of the sambaqul On the Island-of Casquerinho Ihering (1903) obse~ved small hills of oyster shells which represented one familys consumption

G83486--46----26 401

402 SOUTH AMERICA N INDIANS [B AE BULL 143

of shellfish over a period of 20 years These hills measured 15 to 18 feet (5 to 6 m) in diameter and 16 to 20 inches (40 to 50 cm) in height

FIGURE 43-Schematic profile of Torres site showing location ot camp site (Redrawn f rom Serrano 1938)

The extent of human contributions to these deposits can be judged by the Torres site (figs 43 44) which I studied in 1937 (Serrano 1937) This site consists of a low hill rising near the sea Old inshyhabitants state that the hill was covered some 60 years ago with thick woods and was surrounded by level pasture lands Today the entire area is waste land covered with sand dunes

FIGURE H- Schematic cross section ot camp site at Torres Stratum 1 nucleus of sand (ancient dune) Stratum Z mixed ZODe between 1 and about 050 em (19 in ) thick Stratum sandy decomposed vegetal material rich in artifacts varies from 010 to 120 m (4 in to 3 ft 11 ill ) in thickness Stratum recent dunes Stratum a hearths ( Redrawn from Serrano 1938)

The hill is approximately 160 feet (50 m) in diameter at the base and reaches a height of 230 to 260 feet (70 to 80 m) above sea level Embedded in the third stratum are small lenses of kitchen middens 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 em) thick and by all indications not exceedshying 3 to 472 feet (1 to 172 m) in diameter

Through historical references we know -that the tribes which inhabited or frequented the coast of Brazil ate great quantities of mollusks the shells of which accumulated and in some places became true kitchen middens As knolls shaped by the ebb and flow of the ocean tides in ages past afforded the highest places along the coast the_native peoples chose these as camp sites and there deposited their refuse

VOL 1] SAMBAQuis OF BRAZILIAN COAST--8ERRANO 403

The fact that the shells of most of the sambaqufs are unopened refutes the theory of the artificial origin of these deposits The molshylusks are generally tightly closed or if open there are indications that the meat was removed long ago by the action of wind or water

We recognize therefore that in general the sambaquis are littoral cordons or concentrations of shells broken and reshaped by natural forces they were later covered with vegetation and occupied by native tribes who used them as dwelling places and burial grounds

MORPHOLOGY

As regards their shape the sambaquis may be classified into three groups (1) More or less conical mounds (2) elongated or oval mounds and (3) low broad conchiferous layers

In structure they are either stratified or homogeneous The species of shells forming the first group are segregated in definite layers which argues in favor of their natural origin as it is inconceivable that the same people could subsist for too long a period exclusively on oysters then on Mytil13 then again on oysters Furthermore this specific alternation of layers is characteristic of the coastal deposits formed by the tides

A typical stratified sambaqui is that of Guarahy Mirim (fig 45) which was studied by Clerot in 1928 This sambaqui is located on the left bank of the Guarahy River (in the Federal District) ill an

s

FlGURD ltl~--Cross section of stratified sambaquf of Guaraby Mirlru I Raln-waslled shells 2 white sand mixed with ferns ~ shells and sand ~ sand mixed with bluish mud and ferns 6 sand 6 modern refuse (Redrawn from SerraDo 1938)

enormous mangrove swamp It is 160 feet (48 m) long 60 feet (18 m) wide and 6 feet (2 m) high It has according to Clerot five superimposed clearly stratified layers with indisputable evidence of

~naturalformation (19~ p 462) The ~st layer ~1) 4 inches (10 cm) thick was formed by an accumulatIOn of ram-washed shells The second (1) 23 inches (60 em) thick is of white sand mixed with ferns The third (8) 10 inches (25 em) thick a mixture of shells and sand rests upon a fourth (4) 14 inches (45 cm) thick formed of sand mixed with bluish mud in which occur ferns Beneath the fourth layer is a layer of sand 23 inches (60 cm) thick (5) without mollusks

404 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS [B A E BULL 143

The solid or homogeneous sambaquis are those without stratificashytion which some authors consider as proof of their artificial origin Nevertheless I must point out that the solid sambaquis generally conshysist of species which preferably live in regions around estuaries a circumstance which is decidedly favorable to their formation by natural agencies

AJITIQUITY OF THE SAMBAQUtS

Elsewhere I have said that the origin and antiquity of the samshybaquis is purely a geological problem and it is a waste of time to maintain that native artifacts found in them are or the same age merely because of having been discovered there (Serrano 1938 b p 50)

Littoral cordons which in the great majority of cases resulted from the ebb and flow of tides in the Pleistocene Period were broken reshyshaped and later covered with thick vegetation Throngs of native tribes on approaching the sea in an age very close to our own found those places very desirable and settled on them In 1895 Ihering noting the presence of t1zara prisca in some of the sambaquis pointed out the convenience of dividing them into two series the more ancient sambaquis with this species which are the farthest from the sea and the more modern without it This fact was verified years later by Krone (1914) through his studies of the sambaquis of 19uape (State of Sao Paulo)

It is interesting to note that both types of sambaquis have different cultural phases Artifacts in the most ancient sambaquis which are farthest from the sea correspond to the primitive culture of Lagoa Santa while the most modern are analogous to the classic archeological culture of the coastal region with its carefully polished stone articles to which I have given the name of lithic culture of southern Brazil

CULTURES AND RACE

The prevailing idea in the study of the sambaquis has been that of a cultural unity-a single sambaqui culture-that is distinctive and characteristic of these deposits It is no longer possible to mainshytain this The cultures which flourished along the coast on the samshy

--~baquis are mere littoral--occurrences of other cultulElS--f wide gooshyglaphical distribution ThCulture of the sambaqufs of the southern States for example extends many thousands of kilometers towald the west in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catalina and bears no relation to that of the sambaq UlS with Azara prisca or to that of the Amazonian sambaqufs

These cultural manifestations may be grouped into four phases tlie southern the midclle that of the sambaquis with Azara priscaj and the Amazonian (map 6)

VOL 1] SAMBAQUIS OF BRAZILIAN COAST-SERRANO 405

CULTURE PHASES

~lCcent1 Southern

_ Archaic

_ Middl bull

bull Amazonian

MAP e-Distribution of the fo ur sambaquf culture phases

The southern phase (the meridional) includes the sambaquis of Rio Grande do SuI Santa Catarina Parana and the southern part of Sao Paulo It is characterized by the concave zoiiliths (pI 79 a) and well-shaped polished axes of well-defined types In the southern region may be found circular sling shots and stones for bolas (pI 80)

406 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS [E A E BULL 143

b

a

e f FIGURII 46Grouodmiddotstone artifacts from the eambaqufs a h d Hachas tabula res Torres

site Rio Grande do SuI presumably meridional phase C 6 mortars Torres s ite Rio Grande do Sut presumably meridional phase (Jh natural size) fl arrow point meridional phase Ph natural size) (After Serrano 1938 pls i 6)

VOL 1) SAMBAQuis OF BRAZILIAN COAST-SERRANO 407

T here are also pieces of pottery with thumb impressions which show unquestioned Gumani influence and which demonstrate that the Guayana inhabitants of these sambaquis were acculturated by the invading Guarani

The archaic culture phase of the ancient sambaquis of Sao Paulo--shythose containing Azara prisca-belong to the culture of Lagoa Santa man Stone artifacts are represented especially by axes which are more or less triangular in form or are oval and crudely fashioned by heavy blows (pI 78 ct e) sometimes these are slightly polished (pI 78 a b 0) Chipped-stone knives and scrapers (pI 78 f g h) and hammer stones complete the list of stone implements of this phase There is no pottery

The middle (media) phase corresponds to the sambaquis of the States of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo Stone articles consist of fine polished axes of diorite (pI 79 0 h) which are similar to some types of the second cultural stage of the valley of the Rio das Velhas (Serrano 1940 f) Of pottery there are only undecorated fragments

In the Amazonian phase the cultures are not homogeneous and are related to typical Amazonian cultures Those of the sambaquis of southern Brazil correspond to the ancient Tapuya tribes which ocshycupied the coast befor e the invasion of the Ollarani The migration of the Guarani toward the Atlantic Ocean is relatively modern alshythough pre-European On invading the coast the Guarani drove out the Tapuya and took their dwelling places or conquered them and influenced their way of life This is why typical Guarani cultural elements and skeletal remains appear in the sambaquis

The paleo-American is the racial element that produced the culture of the southern sambaquis this element is now divided by Imbelloni into raza Hiquida and raza fueguida

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Backheuser 1918 1919 Bischoff 1928 Calixto 1904 Clerot 1928 Ferreira Peuna 1876 Fr6es de Abreu 1928 Hartt 1885 Ihering 1903 Imbeloni 1937 Krone 1914 (2nd ed) Lacerda 1885 Lofgren 1893 Serrano 1937 1938 b 1940 f 1940 g Siemiradzki 1898 Simoens dn Silva 1932 (1934) Wiener 1876

--~

Iulpound n-Structure or SambaquL Top View or typical Sflmhf(IUls during excnvntiun BlaquotOTlI Cross sect iOD of sa mbaquls III Tito Sdo Paulo ( Her Krone HI I- )

a b

e

d

g

PLArE 78-sam baqui artifacts a rchaic phase a h c Ground-stone celts ~ natural s ize a t chlppedshystone axes or celts J3 naLural site g h chipped oStone arWacts ( natural sizo (After Serrano 1938 b Ills 19 20)

~ rP

31 eurogtb

d

g h PLATE 19-Sambaqui artifacts meridi(lna l and media phases a Stone fish witb concavity presumably

meridional pbase (after Netto 1885 pI 6 No 21) b d-g pitted stones ~ natural size prelumably meridional pba$e from Torres site Rio Grande do SuJ (alter Serrano 1938 pI ~ No 1) c h groundshystone celts media phase natural s ize (after Serrano 1938 b pI 20 No3)

)

PLATE 80-SnmbaQul ar tifac ts meridional phase From ampbe Torre~ site Rio Orande do Su Top row Fusos with and without groomiddotcs werldlonal pbase CmUr TOW Skull crackers Botom row Grooved bolas stones presumably merldiona phase (After Serrano 1938 b pI 21 No1 pI 19 No I and pI 4 No 1)

BIBLIOGRAPHY TO VOLUME 1

ABBREVIATIONS

Acta Acad Aboensls _________ _______ Acta Amer ______ ___ ___ ____________

Actes Soc ScI ChilL ________ ___ _____

Amer Anchrop ____________________ _ Amer J ouro Orthopsychlatry__ _____ Amer Mus Nat Rist Anthrop Pap __

An Bibl __________ _________________

An Cient Paraguayos____ ___________

An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____

An Inst Etnogr Amer ______ _______

An Mus Arg eiene Nat ____________

An Mus Rlst Nat Montevideo______

An Mus La Plata___________ _______

Acta Academiae Aboeos1s Abo Finland Acta Americana Revista de Ia Sociedad

(Sociedade) InteramericanR de Aotromiddot polagia y geograffa Review of the Inter-American Society of Anthropology aDd Geography

Actes de la Societ Scientifique du Chill Santiago de Chile

American Anthropologist American Journal of Orthopsychiatry American Museum of Natural History

Anthropological Papers New York N Y Anales de Ia Biblioteca Nacional BUenos

Aires Argentina Anales Cientitlcos Paraguayos Asunci6n

Paraguay Anuatio H idrogr1fico de la Marioa de

Chlle Santiago de Chile Anales del Instituto de E tnografia Amerishy

cana de la Uoiversidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina

anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencins Naturales Bernardino Rlvadavia Buenos Aires Argentina

Anales del Museo de Bis toria Natural de Montevideo Uruguay

Anales del Museo de La Plata Argentina An Mus Nac Rist Nat Buenos Alles_ Anales del Museo Naclonal de Historia

An Mus Nac Buenos Aires_________

An Mus Nac Montevideo ____________

Ann New York Acad Sci ____ ______

An Soc Clent Argentina ____________

An Univ Chile _____________________

Antbrop Ser Catholic Unlv ________

Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __

Natural de Buenos Ailes Argentina Auales del Museo Naclounl de Buenos

Aires Argentina Anales del Museo Nacioual de Montevideo

Seec16n Hist6rico-Filos6ficn Montevideo Uruguay

Annals ot the New York Academy of Science New York N Y

Anales de 1a Sociedad Ctellt1fica Argenshytina Buenos Aires Argentina

Aoales de In Universldad de Chile Santishyago de Chile

Anthropological Series Catholic Univershysity of America Washington D C

antbropos Ephemeris In ternationalis Ethnologica et Linguistica

575

576 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS [ll A E B ULL 143

Archlv Antrop Etnol ___________ _

Archlv Mus Nac Rio de J aneiro__ _ _

Atti Soc Rom Antrop ___________ _

Baessler-archlv _____________________

Ber d Kaiser Leopold Deutsch Akad d Natur zu Halle

Bib Cent Univ Nae La Plata______

Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______

Bib1 Ling Mus La PlntL _______ ___

Bibl Pedag Brasil ____ __ ____ ______

Bol Acad Nac elenc C6rdoba ___ ___

Archivio per lantropologia e la Etnologia Florence ItaIy

Alchivos do Museu Nacioual Rio de Janeiro BrazU

Atti della SocletA Romana di Anthropoloshygia Roma

Baessler-arcbiv Berlin Germany Bericbte der Kaiserl ichen Leopoldinischen

deutscben Akademte der Naturforscber zu H alle Leipzig

Biblloteca Centenaria de In Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina

Bibliotheque Linguistique Americaine Paris France

Biblioteca Ltnguistlcn Museo de La Plata Argentina

Biblioteca Pedagogtca Brasileira Sao Paulo aod Rio de Janeiro Brazil

BoletIn de la Academia Nacional de Cienshycias en C6rdoba Argentina

Bol Com Geogr e Geol do Estado de Boletin Comissao Geographica e Geologica 8ao Paulo

Bol Filol Montevideo __ ____________

Bol Iost Geogr Argentino__________

Bol Inst Invest Bist __________ ___

Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______

Bol Soc Geogr Italiana____________

Bul1 et Mem Soc dAnthrop Paris__

Bull Mus Comp Zool ______ _______

Bull Soc Anthrop Parls_________-___

Bull Soc CeoI France__________ ____

Bull Soc NeuchAteloise Geogr _ ___

Bur Amer EthnoI Bull ____ _-___ ___

Col Rist Chlle__ ________ __________

do Estado de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Boletto de Filologta Montevideo Urushy

guay Boletin del Instituto GeogrAflco Argenshy

tino Buenos Aires Argentina Boletln del I nstituto de Investigaciones

HIst6ricas de In Facultad de Filosofa y Letrns Buenos Aires Argentina

BoleUn Paleontol6gico de Buenos Aires Argentina

Bollettlnodella Socletll Geograflca Ital1ana Rome Italy

Bulletins et Memohes de Ia Societe dAnthropologie de Palis France

Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative ZoOlogy Cambridge Massachusetts

Bulletin de Ia SocMte dAnthropologie de Paris France

Bulletin de la Socl~te Geologique de France Paris France

Bulletin de Ia Soci~te Neuchnteloise de ~ograph1e Neucha tel Switzerland

Bureau of Amer ican Ethnology Bulletin Smithsonian Institution Washington D O

Coleccl6n de Bistoriadores de Chile Sanshytiago Chile

Com Mus Nac Hist Nat Buenos Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Aires Hlstorla Natu ra l de Buenos Aires Armiddot

gentina CompmiddotRend Acad Sci Parls_______ Compte-rendu d lAcademle des Sciences

de ParIs

577 VOL 1] BIBLIOGRAPH Y

Congl Int Amer ______ ___ __ _______ Congreso Internacional de Americanistas Interna tional Congress of Americanists etc

Contr Mus Arner Ind Heye Founda- Contributions of the Museum of the Amerishytio n can Indian Heye Foundation New

York Estudios __ ______ ___________ _______ Estudlos Buenos Aires Ethnol Stud _______ _____________ ___ Etbnological Studies Etnologlska Studler

G6teborg Sweden Ethnol Stud Soc Scient Fennicll__ __ Ethno logical Studies SOCietas Scien t Fenshy

nica Eelsingfors Gaea A n Soc Arg Estud Geogr __ Anales de la Sociedad Argentina de

Geogr Ann ___ ___ __ __________ _____ _ Globus __ ____ _______________________ Goteborgs Kongl Vet Vitt Bandl ___

HnklnyL _____ _____ _________________ Harpers Mag _______ ___________ __ __

lost Rist Geogr Urugua y _____ _____

In t Archiv Ethnogr __ ____ ______ ____

Int Journ Amer Ling ____________ __

Journ Amer Folk-Iore ______________

J ourn Roy Anthrop lnst _____ _____

Journ Soc Amer Paris___ _______ ___

Kung1 Sven Vet-Acad BandI __ ____

Man _______ _______________________

Mem Int Cong Antbrop ___ ___ _____

Mitt Anthrop Gesell W1en _________

Notas Mus Etllnogr Dnlv Buenos Aires

Notas Mus La Plata__ ________ _______ Notas Prelim Mus La Plata_____ ___ _

PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________

Estudios Geognlficos Geografiska Annaler Stockholm Globus Braunschweig Germany G6teborgs Koog1iga Vetenskapscb Vitshy

terhets~samhalles Handlingar Ga teshyborg Sweden

Bnkluyt Society London Harpers Magazine H arpers

Mugazine New York N Y I nstituto de Histoda e Geografia

video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot

lnternatioDaies Archlv fiir Etbnographie Leiden Holland

International Journal of American LinguisticS

Journal of American FOlk-lore New York N Y

Jaurnal of the Royal AnthropologiCal Institute of Great Britain and Ireland London England

J ournal de la SOCiete des Americanistes de Paris France

Kungliga Sveoska Vetenskaps-acnderoiens Handllngar Stockl101m

Man Ro~al Antl1ropological Institu te of

Great Britain and Ireland London Memoirs of the International Congress of

Anthropology Cllicago minois Mitteilungen cler Anthlopologischen GeselJshy

schatt in Wien Austria Notas delMuseo Etnognfico de la Facultad

de Filosofla y Letras de Ia Universldad de Buenos Aires Argentina

Notas Museo de La Plata Argentina Notas Preliminares del Museo de La

Pla ta Argentina 1hysls Revista de la Sociedad Argentina

de Ciencias Naturales Petermanns Mitteilungen Gotl1a J

Pertbes

583486-46--87

578 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS [ B E BULL 143

Phil Trans Philosophical Transactions Royal Society of London England

Primitive Man________________ ___ ___ Primitive Man Catholic University of America Wasbington D C

Proe Amer Assoc Adv Sci __ _______ Proceeding of the American Association for tbe Advancement of Science

Proe 8th Amer Sci Congl __________ Proceedings of the Eigbth American Scimiddot entific Congress middotWashington D C

Publ lost Arqueol Ling y Folk1ore_ Publ I nstltuto de Arqueologla Linguistica

Pubt Mus Antrop Etnogr ___ _____ _

Publ Mus Etnol Antrop Cllile ______

Publ Mus Etnogr Univ Buenos Aires

Publ Univ Nac TucumAn ____ ______

ReI Geogr lndias______ ________ _____ ReI Soc Arg Antrop _____________

Rev Arq Mun Sao Paulo____ __ _____

Rev Brasil Musica ________ __ _______

Rev Chil Hist Geogr ______ _______

Rev Cbll Hist Nat ________ _______ _ Rev Geogr Amer __ __ ______________

Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______

Rev lust Antrop Univ Nac TueushymAn

y Folklore Dr Pablo Cabrera C6rdopa Publicaciones del Museo AntlopolOgico y

Etnogrampfico de la Facultad de Filosot1u y Letras Buenos Aires Argentina

Publ del Museo de E tnologia y Antlopo logJa de Cbile Santiago de Chile

Publicac10nes del Museo Etnogriifico Unimiddot versidad de Buenos Aires Argentina

Publicac10nes de la Universidnd Naciooal de TucullHln Argentina

Relaciones GeogriHicas de lndias Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de

AntroPologia Buenos Aires Argentina Revista do Arquivo Muoicipal de Sao

Paulo Brazil Revista Blasileira de Musica Rio de

Janeiro Revista Chilena de Historin y Geografia

Santiago de Chile Revlsta Chilena de Histolla Natural Revista Geografica Americana Bnenos

Aires Argentina Revista do lnstituto do Ceam Fortaleza

Ceara Blmiddotazil Revista del Instituto de Antlopologia de

la Universidad Naclonal de Tucuman Argentina

Rev lost Etnol Univ Nac Tucu- Reylsta del Institnto de Etnologfn de In man

Rev Inst Bist Geogr BrazIL_____ __

Rev Inst Bist Geogr Sao Paulo ____

Rev lnst Paraguayo________________

Rev Jardfn Zool __________________

Rev Mus La Plata_________ ________ Rev Mus Paulista___________ ______ Rev Sec Soc Geogr Lisboa BraziL_

Universidad Nacional de TucumAo Argentina

Revista do Instituto B ist6 rico graphlco do Brazil Rio de Brazil

Revistn do I nstituto Hist6rico gruphico de S~o Paulo Brazil

e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-

Revista del Instituto Paraguayo AS unmiddot ci6n Paraguay

Revista del Jardin Zoo16gico Buenos Aires Argentina

Revista del Museo de La Plata AIgentina Revista do Museu Paulista Brszil Revista Mensual de Sec~ao da Sociedade

de Geographla de Lisboa Brllzll Rio de Janeiro Brazil

579 V OL 1] BIBLIOGRAPH Y

Re Sen Pa t R ist Ad Nac ______ Revista do Serv i~o do Patriomonio His~

tOlico e Al tistico Nacional Rio de J ashyneir o Brazil

Rev Soc Am Arq Montevideo ______ Revista de la Sociedad de los Amigos de Ia Arqueologra de Montevideo Uruguay

Rev Soc Cieut Paraguay____ _______ Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Para~

guay AsunciOn Paraguay Rev Soc Geogr Rio de J a neiro _____ Rev-ista da Sociedad Geograpbica do Rio

de Janeiro Brazil Rev Trim Bist Geogr BrasiL ____ __ Revista TllllieUsal de Hist6ria e Geo~

grapbia or Journal do Instituto Hist6~

rico e GeoglliphiCO Brnsileiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Rev Trim lust CearCl- ___________ __ Revista Trlmensal do Instituto do Cealamp Fortaleza Cea ra Brazil

Rev Unlv Nac C6rclobu _______ ______ Revista de la Universidad Naciona l de Cordoba Argen tina

Rev Unlv Buenos Air es __ __________ Revista de Ia Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina

Sem In t E thnol Religieuse _________ Semaine International dEthnologie Reshyligieuse Paris

Sitz Kaiserl Acad Wiss ___________ Sitzungsbelichte der Kaiserlichen Akashydemie der Wissenscbaften Vienna

Soclo1ogfa ____ _____________ ____ _____ Sociologia Revista Didatica e Giendshyfica Sao Paulo

Soc Ling Paris Coll Ling ________ Societe de Linguistique de Paris Collecshytions L1nguist iques Paris

Smithsonian Misc Call _____ ___ _____ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collect ions Smithsonian Inst itution Washingto n D C

Trans Ethuol Soc London __________ Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London England

Verhandl d Gesell f Erdkunde zu Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft f ill Berlin Erdkunde xu Berlin

Verhandl Schweiz Natur Gesell Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Namiddot turforschendeu Gesellschaft Zurich

Vlerteljabrschr Naturf Gesell Zu- Vierteljabrschdft der Natulforschenden rich Gesellschaft Zmich Switzerland

Ymer ___ ____ ____________ __ ________ _ Ymer Stockholm Sweden

Zeit EthnoL __ _________ __________ _ _ Zeitschrift fUr Ethnologie Berlin Gelshymany

Zeit d Demtsch Wiss Ver z Zeitschrift des Deutscben Wissenscbaftmiddot Kult - u Landeskunde Argent lichen Vereins zur Kultur- und Landesshy

kunde Argentiniens Buenos Aires Argentina

Zeit f Eingebolenenspracheo ____ ____ Ze itschrift fUr Eingehorenen-splachen Berlin

ACUSACI6N DEL FISCALbullbullbullbull

1908 Acusaci6n del Fiscal de Su lfajestad con tra Sebastian Cabato -sobrevarios excesos suecometi6 4 de Febre ro de 1532

In Medina 1908 a vol 2 pp 179-217

580 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS [ B A E BULL 143

ADAM LUCIEN

1897 Materiaux pour servlr illetabllssewent dune grammaile comparee des dialectes de In fa mille Kariri Bibl Ling Amer vol 20

1899 Materiaux pour servlr a letablissement done grammaire comparee des dialectes de la famllle Guaicurfi (Abipone Mocov Tobn Mbaya) Bibl Ling Amer vol 23

1902 Le parler des Calngangs Congr lnt Amer sess 12 Paris HlOO pp 317-330

AGUTBBE JUAN FRANCISCO

1911 Diario de Aguirre An Bibl vol 7 aLAltC6N Y CANEDO JOSE DE and PITTINI RICCARDO

1924 EI Chaco paraguayo y sus tribus Turin ALBISETTI CESAR See COLBACCHINI ANTONIO and

ALBO FRANCISCO

1837 D ia r lo 6 derrotero del viage de Magallanes desde el cabo de San Agustin en el Brasil hasta el regreso a EspaDa de la nao Victoria escrlto por FranciScO Albo In Navarrete 1837 vol 4 pp 209-247

ALENCASTRE PEREntA DE

1857 Memoria Rev lnst Hist Geogl Brasil Vol 20 pp 5-164 ALLEN GrOVEB M

1920 Dogs of the American aborigines Bull Mus Camp Zool Y01 63 No9 A L MEIDA SERRA RICARDO FRANCO DE

1845 Parecer sabre 0 ald~amento dos indios Uaicurlls e Ouanis com e des~ cri~ao dos seus usos religHio estabilidade e costumes R ev last H ist Geogr Brasil vol 7 pp 196-208

1850 Continuacao do parecer sobre os indios Uaicurl1s e GuaDas Rev Inst R ist Geogr Brasil vol 13 pp 348-395

AMBROSETTI JUAN BAUTISTA

1894 a Apuntes sabre los indios Chunupies (Chaco austral) ~on Soc Cient Argentina vol 37 pp 150- 160

1894 b Mnterlales para el estudio de las Ienguas del grupo Kaingangue (alto Parana) Bol Acad Nac Clenc COrdoba vol 14 pp 331- 380

1895 Los indios Kaingangues de San Pedro (Misiones) con un vocabulario Rev Jardin Zoo voL 11 ent 10 pp 305-387

1902 Arqueologfa Argentina Bachas votivas de piedra (PUlan Toki) y datos sabre rastros de Ia illfiuencia araucana preblst6rica en In Argentina An Mus Nnc Buenos Aires vol 7 (ser 2a vol 4) pp 93-107

1903 Arqueologfa Argentina Las glandes bachas celemoniales de Patagonia middot(Probablemente PUlan Tokis) An Mus Nac Buenos Aires vol 9 (ser 3 vol 2) pp 41-51

1909 CI~va Utica de tipo peluano del territorio del Neuquen An Mus Nac Bueuos Aires vo117 (ser 3 vallO) p 2291r

AMEGUINO CARLos 1913 Vocabulario Tehuelche Tehues Pampa araucano Ms publ in part in

Lehmann-Nitsche 1913 AMEGHINO FLORENTI NO

1911 Une nouvelle industrie lithlque Lindustrie de la pierre fendue dans Ie Tertiaire de la region llttorale au sud de Mar del Plata An Mus

Nac Buenos Aires vol 20 (ser 3 vol 13) pp 189-204 AMERLAN ALBERT

1882 Die rndianer des Gran Chaco Globus vol 42 pp 183-186

582 SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS LB A E BULL 143

BACKBEUSER E~middotERuDO

1918 A tnixa litorania do Brasil Meridional Hoje e ontem Rio de J aneiro 1919 Conferencia sobre sambaquis do Distrito Federal Rev Diclactica da

Eseola Polltecnica n 16 p 5 Rio de J aneiro BAHNSON KRISTIAN VON

1889 Ueber stidameriknnische Wurfholzer 1m Kopenhagener Museum Int Archiv Etbnogr vol 2 pp 217-227

BAlDHICH J AMADEO

1889 Los indios Mataguayos Bol lost Geogr Argentino vol 10 pp 21H33

1890 Las comarens vtrgenes El Chaco Central NOIte Buenos ailes BALDus HERBERT

1927 Os indios Cbamacocos e a sua lengua Rev lUus Paulista vol 15 pt 2 pp fHl2

1931 a Indlanerstudien im nordostlichen Chaco Leipzig 1931 b Kaskihc1-Vokabular Anthropos vol 26 pp 545--550 1932 Beitrage zur Spracheukunde der Samuko-G l uppe Antllropos vol 21

pp 361-416 1935 Sprachproben des Kaingang von Palroas ADthropos vol 30 pp

191-202 1936 Ligelras notas sobre duas tribus tupis da roargero paraguaya do Alto

ParanA (Guayaki e Ohi1ipA) Rem Mus Paulista vol 20 pp 749-756

1937 a Ensaios de emologia brasileira Bibl Pedag Brasil ser 5a vol 101

1937 b Tereno-Texte Anthropos vol 32 pp 528-544 1937 c 0 culto aos mortos entre os Kaingang de Palmas Ensaios de

etnologin brasileirn Brasiliana Bibl Pedag Brasil ser 5a vol 101 pp 29- 69

1939 Herrschaftbildung unel Schichtung bel den Naturvolkern Stidnmerikas Archlv Anthrop VOlkerforsch u kolonlaJen Kulturwandel n 5

vol 25 pp 112- 130 1943 Sinopse da cultura GuayakL Sociologla Suo Paulo vol 5 No2 pp

147-153 BANKS J OSEPH

1896 J ournal of the Right Bon Sir J oseph Banl(s during Captain Cooks first voyage in H M S Endeavour in 1768-71 to Terra del

Fuego Tahiti New Zealand Australia the Dutch East Indies etc ed by Sir Joseph D Hooker London

BAICATTA DE Y ALnoRIANA MAN SUETO

1918 Eosaio de grammatica Kainjgang Rev Mus Paulista vol 10 pp_ 52S-lti63

1920 Diccionarios Kainjgang-Portuguez e Portuguez-Kainjgang Rev Mus PauUsta vol 12 pp 1-381

BAncENA ALONSO

1885 Carta de P de 10 Campania de J esus a l P Juan Sebastian su provincial Fecba en la AsunciOn del Paraguay a S de setiembre de 1594 Rel Geogr Indias vol 2 pp lli- Ixmiddotl

1893 Arte de In lengua Toba con vocabularios facllitndos por los Sres Dr Angel J Carranza Pellescbi y otros edltados y comentados con un discurso preliminar por Samuel A Lnfone QuevedO Bibl Ling Mus La Plata Vol 2 Jlt 1

584 SOUTH AMERICAN INDrNS [E A JD BULl 143

BERO KABL

1875 BiDe natulhistolische Reise nach Patagonien Petermnnns Mitt vol 21 pp 364-372

BEBNjRD DE NANTES R P Fc

1896 Cateclsmo da llnaua Karilis publicado de novO pOl Julio Platzmann Leipzig (OriOina~ Lisbon 1709)

BERTONI GmrrEBMQ TELl

1924 EI iodio Guayaki Gongr Int Amer sess 20 Rio de Janeiro 1924 vol 1 pp 10amp-110

1939 Diccionalio guaynki-castellano Rev Soc C~ellt Paraguay vol 4 No5 BERTONI MOIsts S

1920 La lengua Guarani como documento historico Estructuta Fijeza Inshyalterabutdad Consecuencias para In etiDlologfa An Clent Parashyguayos vol 2 NO6

1929 Sabre titiles de In Edad de ill piedra y de los Guayak1 actuales Rev Soc Clent Paraguay vol 2 No 5 pp 224- 225

1941 Los Guayakles Cnracteles aotropol6gicos razns etnol6glcas Resells cultural Rev Soc Clent Paraguay vol 5 No2 pp 1-62

BEfENDOm Joio FnngtPE

1910 Chronica da missao dos padres du compnnhia de J esus no Estndo do Maranh30 Rev lost Rist Geogr BrazU vol 72 pt 1 (1909) pp 1-697

HIUD JUNIUS 1008 Antiquity aod migrations at the early Inhabitants of Patngonia

Geogr Review vol 28 No2 pp 250-275 1943 Elxcavotions in northern Chile Amer Mus Not Bist Anthrop Pap

vol 33 pt 4 BIsCHon TmOD

1928 Sobre os snmbaqus no Estdo do Rio Grande do Sul Rev Arcbvo Publico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sui No 21 p 11 Por to Alegre

BOOOIANI GUIDO 1894 I Clarnacoco Bol Soc Geogr ltaliftna ser 3 vol 7 pp 466-510 1895 Viaggi dun artista nell America Merlodlonale I Caduvei (Mbaya

o Guaycunl) con pretazione ed nno studio storico ed etnoglafico del Dott G A Cotini Bomn

1896 Vocabolarl0 dell idiomamiddotguand Art della R AcademIa dei LenceL Memorie Ser 5 voL 8 pt la pp 57-80 Roma

1897 Etnografia del Alto Paraguay Bol l ost Geogr Argentino vol 18 pp 61amp-625

1898-99 middot Gualcul1i sui nome posizione geografica e rapportl etnici e IiD~

guIstiei dt alenne tri M antiehe e moderne deH America meridio~ nale Mem Soc Geogr Italiana vol 8 pp 242-295

1900 a Lingtiistiea sud americana Datos para el estudio de los idIomss PaysgUD y Maehieu Trabajos de la 43 secc16n del Congreso clentifico latino-americano pp 203-282 Buenos Aires

1900 b Compendio de etnografta paraguaya modelna Rev lust Paraguayo ailo 3 Nos 23-25 27-28

1929 Voeabolario dell idioOla Ciamaeoeo An Soc Ctent Argentina vol 108 pp 149-192 See Loukotlm 1929

BOHM P See RuACION DEL VllJE BE LOS bull

B OLIET1I NO SALESIA NO

1877- Turin


BULKELEY J OHN and Cll1 MINS JOHN

1743 A voyage to the South-seas by Bis Majestys ship Wager London 19Zi A voyage to the Soutb seas in His Majestys Ship the Wager 1n thE

Years 1140--1741 New York BURICEISTEB CARLos V

1891 Breves datos sobre una excursion a Patagonia Rev Mus La Platn vol 2 pp 275-288

B URMEISTER HERMANS

1853 Reise nach Brasilien Berlin BYRON JOHN

1768 The narrative of the Honourable J ohn Byron (commodore in a late expedition round the world) containing an account of the great distresses suffered by himself and his companions on the coast of Patagonia from the year 1740 till the ir a rrival 1n England 1746 (Loss of the W ager man-ot-war) 2d ed London

1773 An account of a voyage rou nd the world In the years MDCOLXIV ~IDCCLXV and MDCCLXVI by the Honourable Commodore Byron in His Majes tys ship the D olphin I n Bawkesworth 1773 vol 1

1810 The narrative of the Honourable J ohn Byron Watts ed London

CABEZA DE V ACA ALVAR NuNEZ See HERNANDEZ PEDRO

CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN

1908 Confesi6n de SebastiAn Cab9to In Medina 1908 a vol 2 pp 158-164 CABRERA A NGEL

1934 Los perras domesticos de los indtgeoas del territor io argentino Can gr lnt Amer sess 25 La Plata 1932 vol I pp 81-93

CABRmA A NGEL and YEPES JosE 1940 H is tor la narura l ediar Mamiferos sudamelmiddotlcanos Buenos Aires

CABREnA PauLO

1911 Ensayos sabre etnologln argentina C6rdobn 1929 Los a borigenes del pais de CUYo C~rdoba

CALDAS AtFERES Jospound AUGUSTA 1899 Vocnbularlo da lingua todfgena dos Bororos Coroados Cuiaba 1903 Apontamentos para a organisalt)ao da grammatica B01or6 Alpbnbeto

A1chiv Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro vol 12 pp 311- 325 CALDENIUS CARL

1932 Las glaciaciones cuaterna1ias en In Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego Geogr Ann vol 2 Stockholm

CALIXlO BENEDICTO

1901 Algumas ootas e informa~i5es sobre a situ3~ao dos Sambnquis de Itanhaen e de Santos Rev Mus PauHsta vol 6 pp 490-518

CAMANO y BAzAN JOAQu 1N 1931 E tnografa r ioplntense y cbnquefia Rev Soc Am Arq Montevideo

vol 5 pp 309-343 1937 Letter of May 8 1783 In Clark 1937 pp 100-11~

OAMPANA DOMENICO DEI 1902 n Sopra alcuni oggettt etnografici nppnrteneoti 0 nttribuiti ai Mncicui

eslstenU nel Museo Nazionale di Ant1opologia di Firenze Archiy ADtrop Etnol vol 32 pp 337- 393

1902 b Cennl su i Tapti ed i Tapihete Archiv An trop EtnoL vol 32 pp 283-289

1903 Contributo allEtnografia dei Toba Atcbiv Antrop poundtnoL vol 33 pp 287-322


CABTAS ANUAS DE IA ProVINClA DEL P IJtAGUAY CHI LE y T UCUMAN DE LA COyshy

PAilIA DE Jnus (1609-1637) 1927- 29 Documentos para Ia historia a rgentina vols 19-20 Iglesia Buenos

Aires CABlERET PHIUP

1770 Letter on the inhabitants of the coast of Patagonia PhiL Trans vol 60 pp 20-26

CABTELNAU FRANCIS DE

185~59 Expedition dans les parties centrales de l Am~rique du Sud de Rio de Ja neiro ll Lima et de Lima au Para Vals 1-6 Paris

CATBOUD A See WllTEll H V CATBOUD A and M ATTOS ANIBAL CATTANEO CAJETAN

1759 The third letter of F Gajetan Cattaneo In Muratar i 1759 pp 253-280

CEUGAS L IMA PADRE FRNCISCO OA S

1842 Memoria sobre o descobrimento e colonia de GuarapU8YR Rev Trim Rist Geogr Brasl1 vol 4 pp 43-64

C H AMDEllLAlN A F

1910 Sur quelques familles linguist1ques peu connues ou presque inconnues de lAmerique du Sud Journ Soc amer Paris n s vol 7 pp 179-202

1912 The E ororoan lingulsUc stock Amer Antrop vol 14 pp 166-167 501-i03

C H aRLEVOIX PrERBE FliNQOIS XAVIER DE

1756 E istoire du Paraguay Compiled by Awnsbam Churchill 3 vols Paris

1757 Eistoire du Paraguay 6 vols Paris CROMl IGNACE

1819 Lettre du P~re Chame misslonaire de Ia Compagnie de Jesus au pere Vanthiennen de la m~me Oompagnie Lettres editiantes et curieuses vol 5 pp 127-143 347- 350 Lyon

C HOBCRUL AWNSHAM See CHARLEVOIX PIERlE FBANQOIS XAVIER DE 1756 See alsa NtEUHOF SEPP and B EHMEl

CLARAZ GEORG

1896 Pampa-Patagonia bibal nomenclature 1863- 82 In R Martin 1896

pp 524-525 Crux CHARLES UPSON

1987 Jesuit letters to Bervis on American languages and customs JOUlll

Soc Amer PariS n 5 vol 29 pp 97-145 CLAUDE DABBEVILLE

1614 Histoire de la mtSSion des tres Capucins en lIsIe de Maragnan et terres circonVotsines Paris

CrtB tON F 1928 Os snmbaquis da babia do Macacu Congr Int Amer sess 20 Rio de

Janeiro 1922 vol 2 p 461 CuFFE EnwARD

1903--Q5 Tbe voyage of M John Winter into the Sonth Sea by the Streight of Magellan tn consort with M Francis Drake begun in the yeere 1577 In Bakluyt vol n pp 148-162 (Atso in Vaux 1854 pp 269-284)

CoAN TITus 1880 Adventures in PatagoDia New York


FAMOUS VOYAGE THE OF Sm F RANCIS DRAKE INTO THE SOUTH SEA aND THEREshy

HE~OE ABOUT THE WHOLE G LOBE OF THE ERTH BEGUN IN THE YEERE OF Om LoRD1577

1854 In middotVaux 1854 pp 227-253 (On authormiddotship ct Wagner 1926 pp 238-241)

FASULO ANTONIO

1925 Le missioni salesiane della Patagonia Torino FEICK (AmiddotRL

1917 Die Caraguatlibast-Kniipfereien der Chamacoco und Tumanaha Ein Beitrag zur Ethnographie des Cbaco boreal Diss z Erlangullg d

Doktolwlilde bei d Philos Fakult d Grossherzoglich Hess LudwigsshyUniv z Giessen

FERNANDEZ JUAN P--TRIOIO

1895 Relaci6n historial de las misiones de indios Chiquitos que en el Parashyguay tienen los padres de Ia Compania de Jesus Colecci6n de libros raros 6 curiosos que tratan de America 2 vois Madrid

FERNaNDEZ CORNEJO JUAN ADRllN

1836 Expedici6n al Chaco por - el rio Bermejo Colecci6n de obras y docushymentos relativos a la historia antigua y moderna de las provineias del Rio de la P)ata 3Iustrados eOll notas y discertaciones par Pedro de Angelis vol 4 Buenos Aires

1837 Diario de la primera e~pedici6n al Chaco ~mprendida en 1780 Coleeci6n de obras y documentos relativos a la historia antigua y moderna de las provincias del- Rio de la Plata por Pedro de Angelis vol 6 Buenos Aires

FERREIRA PENNA DOMINGOS S 1876 Breve notlcia sabre as sambaquis do Para Archiv Mus Nac Rio de

Janeiro vol 1 PP 85-99 FERRUFINO JUAN BAPTISTA

1927 Letter In Torres Diego de 1927 a pp 107-119 FIGUEIRAl JOSE H

1892 Los primitivos habitaates del Uruguay Montevideo FISCHER ERICHbull

1908 Pa tagonische Musik Anthropos vol 3 pp 941-951 Frrz-Roy ROBERT bull

1839 Narrative of the surveying voyage~ of His Majestys ships Adventure and Beagle 3 voIs and app London

FLETOHER FRANCIS

1652 The World Encompassed London (See World Encompassed) 1854 The first part of the second voiage about the world attempted conshy

tinued and happily accomplished within the tyme of three yeares by M FranciS Drake (Sloane ms) If Vaux 1854

FLOREZ DE LE6N DmGo 1898 Memorial In Medina 1898 vol 2 pp 248--263

FONcK FRANCISCO

1QOO _Viajes de Fray Francisco Menendez a Nahuelhuapi Valparaiso FONTANA LUIS JORGE

1881 El Gran Chaco Buenos Aires FREITAS AFFONSO aNTONIO DE

1910 Os Guayaoos de Piratininga Sao Paulo FRENGUELLI J tA~ufN

1941 Nuevos ~atos acerca de los Eornos indfgenas AI- Inst Ethnogr Amer vol 2 pp 189-206

593 VOL1 J BIBLIOGRAPHY

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FRI( VOJTECH A

1906 a Eine Pilcom8yo~Reise in den Chaco Central Globus vol 89 pp 213shy220 229-234

1906 b Notes on the Grave~posts of the Kadlmo Communicated by Paul Radin Man vol 6 No 45 pp 71- 72

1906 c Note on the Mask-dances of the Camacoco Communicated by Paul Radio Mao vol 6 No 77 pp 116-119

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Int Amer sess 18 London 1912 vol 2 pp 397-407 FRt( VontcR A and RADIN PAUL

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1928 Sambaquis de Imbituba e Laguna (Santa Catarina) Re Soc Geogr Rio de Janeiro vol 32 p 8

1929 Os indios clenaques (Botocudos do rio Doce) em 1926 Rev Mus Pautista vol 16 pp 569-602

FuRLONG CRARLE8 W 1909 The southernmost people of the world Harpers Mag vol 119 pp

126-137 1910 The vanishing people of the Land of File Harpers Mag vol 120

pp 217-229 1917 a The Alaculoos and Yahgans the worlds souther nmost inhabitants

Congr Int Amer sess 19 Washington 1915 vo l 1 pp 420-431 1917 b The Haush and Ona primitive tribes of Tierra del Fuego Congr

Iot Amer sess 19 Washington 1915 vol 1 pp 432-444 FURLoNG CAImIEEt GunLERMO

1930 El P Pedro Lozano S J Su personalidnd y Su obra Rev Soc Am Alq Montev1c1eo vol 4 pp 241-3~3

1936 Palagony cat6Uco Los indios pampas puelches patagones segOn J osepb Sl1nchez Labrador S J Buenos Aires

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1938 b Entre los Ablpones del Chaco Buenos Aires 1938 c Entre los Mocobies de Santa Fe Buenos Aires 1939 Entre los VUelas de Salta Buenos Aires 1941 Entre los Lules de lucumAo Buenos Aires

FtrnWNO CABDIFlI GUILLEllMO and OUTES Ftux F EDITORS

1930 Jos~ Cardiel Diarl0 del viaje y misi6u al rio del Sauce reaUzado en 1748 Buenos Aires

1940 Carta inlldlta de In extremidad austral de Am~rlca construida pOl el P Jos~ Cardiel S r en 1747 Pub Mus EtIlogr Uni Buenos AIles ser B No 1

GALLABDO CAllLOS R 1910 Tierrn del Fuego Los-Onas Buenos Aires

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1846 Untted States exploring expeditlons during the years 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes U S N Ethnogshyr apby and philology vol 6 Phlladelpbla

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FlAnRINGTON TOM As

1933-35 Observaciones sabre vocablos indios Publ Mus An trop E tnogr ser A vol 3 pp 59--69

1943 EI keilewe 0 yamjatrn1wich Publ Inst Arqueol Ling y Folklore Dr Pablo Cabrera vol 2 Cordoba

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1870 On the Botocudos (Appendmiddotir to his Geology and physica l geography of Brazil pp 577-600) Boston

1885 ContribulcBes para a ethnologia do valle do Amazonas Aimiddotcll JIus Nac Rio de J aneiro voL 6 pp 1-174

HAsSLER EMn 1894 Ole Bewohner des Gran Chaco Paraguay Mem Int Congr Anthrop

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1903 Repor ts of the Princeton University expeditions to P atagonla 1896shy1899 Vol I Narrative of the expeditions Geography of southern Patagonia PrincetoD N J

RAWXESWOBTH JOHN COMPILER

1773 An account of the voyages undertaken by the order of His present Majesty for making discover ies 10 the Southern hemispheres 3 vols London

HAWTREY SEYltOlrn H C 1901 The Lengua Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco J ourn Roy Anthrop

Inst vol 31 pp 280-299 HAY ALEXANDER RATTRAY

1928 The IndIans of South America and the gospel New York HAZE J ACQUES DE

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HENRY JulES 1935 A Kalngang text Int Jouro Amer Llng vol 8 pp 172-218 1936 The linguistic expression of emotion Amer Aothrop vol 88 PP

250-256 1940 Some cultural determinants of ho~tility in PUaga children Amer

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HUONDER P ANTON

1902 Die VOlkergruppierung im Gran Chaco im 18 Jabrhundert Nach der spanischen Bandschrift eiDes unbekannten Vermssers verotrentshyliebt Globus vol 81 pp 387-391

HUTCHINSON Tao)As J 1865 On the Cbaco and other Indiaos of South America Trans EtbnoL

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1912 Les Cllmllcans AntblopOS vol 7 pp 948- 9igt6 IBERING HERMANN VON

1895 A clv1lisa~iio prehistorica do Brazil mer idional Rev Mus Paulista vol 1 pp 34-159

1903 A origem dos Sambaquls Hel l ust R ist Geogr Sao PallIa vol 8 pp 446-457

1904 a Os Guayanas e Caingangs de Sao Paulo Rev Mus Paulista vol 6 pp23-44

1904 b Archeologia comparativa do Brazil Rev Mus Paulista vol 6 pp ~18-583

1907 a A anthropoJogia do estado de Sao PaulO Rev Mus Paulista vol 7 PP 202- 257

1907 b Os Indios Patos e 0 nome do Lagon dos Patos Rev middotMus Panlista vol 7 pp 31-45

1911 Os Botocudos do Rio Dace Rev Mus Paulistn vol 8 pp 38-51 IzmawITZ KARL GUSTAV

1935 MuSical and other sound instruments of the South American Inshydians Goteborgs KungL Vet Vitt Bandl gt fOljdeu ser A vol 5 n 0 1

IllBELLONI J ost 1937 Fueguidos y Uguidos Posici6n actual de la rnza Paleo-americana 0

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1934 Chnco-Indianer ein BilderaUas Wisseoscbaftliche E rgebnisse der Deutschen Gran Cbaco-expedition Stuttgart

1939 I ndianerhunde 1m Gran Chaco Physis vol 16 No 48 pp 153-158 KROEBEL W H

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1911 Ethnograpbisches und Archfiolog[sches aus der Guayaqul-Region Amtliche Berichte aus der konigllchen Kunstsammlung 22 Jahrshygang Nr7

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1909 Descrtpci6u breve de toda In tierra del Perfi Tucumnn Rfo de Ia Plata y Chile In Bistoriadores de lndias publisbed by M Serrano y Sanz vol 2 pp 485-678 (Nueva Biblioteca de AutorES Espaiioles vol 15)

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Roy Anthrop Inst vol 62 pp 229-256 1932 b IndIans of the Paraua delta Argeotina An New York Acad Sci

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1929 Apuntes p6stumos de Guido Boggiani compllados y redactados POl Cestmir Loukotka Vocabulario dell idioma CiamncDCo An Soc Cient Argentina vol 108 pp 149-192

1930 Contribuciones a In lingUistica sudamertcana Vocabularios 1nM-itos o poco conocidos de los idiomas Rankelcbe Gnahibo Piaroa Toba PUagi Tumanahl1 Kaduveo etc Rev nst EtnoL Univ Nac Tucashyman vol I pp 75-106

1931a Vocabularios ineltiltos a poco conocidos de los idiomas Camakoko Sanashypamt Anga ltu y Sapuk Rev lnst IDtno1 Uolv Nac Tucum1n vol 1 pp ~57-592

1931 b Die Sprache der Zamuco und die Verwandtschaftsverhttltnisse del Chaco-StHmme Anthropos vol 26 pp 843-861

1931 c La familia lingiisttca Masakali Rev mst EtllOl Univ Nac Tucushymdn vol 2 pp 21~7

1932 La tamilia llngtiistica Kamakan del Brasil Rev lost E tool Univ Nac TucomAn vol 2 pp 493-524

1933 Nouvelle contrIbution A letude de Ia vie et du laogage des Kaduveo J ourn Soc Amfr Paris n 5 vol 25 pp 251-271

1937 La familia lingiiistica Coroado Journ Soc Amer ParIs D 5 vol 29 PP 157-214

LOVlSATO DOMINlco 1883 Di alcune armi e uteosill dei Fueghini e degli aotichl Patagoni Atti

Reale Acad dei Lincei Mem Classe Sci Mor StOtmiddot e Philol 3rd ser vol 11 pp 194-202 Rom bull

1885 Appunti etnografici COD accenni geologici sulla Terra del Fuoco Coras Cosmos Torino 1884-85 vol 8 Pp 97-108

LOWIE ROBERT H

1933 SelkQilm kinship terms Amer Antbrop vol 35 pp 546-548 1937 See Nimuendajll Curt and 1939 See NimuendajU Curt 1942 See Nimuendaj6 Curt

618 SOUTH AMERICAN I N DIANS [ E A E B ULLHS

SEUBANO ANTONI Q-Continued

1937 Alqueologfa brasileira Subsidios para a Arqueologia do Brasil merishydional Rev Arq MUD S110 PaulO vol 36

193811 La etnoglaffa antigua de Santiago del Estero y 1a llamada civilizaci6n chacQmiddotsantiaguena Paran6

1938 b Los sambaquis 0 conchelOS brasileilos Rev lost Antrop Univ Nac Tucuman vol 1 p 43

1939 Los Kaingangs de Rio Grande do Sul a medlados del siglo XIX segUn un Illanuscrito inMito del Teniente Coronel Alfonso Mabilde Rev lost Antrop Univ Nac Tucuman vol 2 No2 pp 13-35

1940 a Los Genoaken La Prensa April 14 Buenos Aires 1940 b Los primitivos babitantes de 1a Pampa 0 Pampas-Eet La Prenaa

February 11 Buenos Aires 1940 c Los Querandies La Prensa May 12 Buenos Aires 1940 d Los puelcbes primitivos La Plensa May 19 Boenos Aires 1940 e Olasslficac16n de los aborigenes a rgentinos Rev Unlv Nac COrdOba

vol 27 Nos 9-10 1940 f Arqueologia del Valle del Rio das Valhas Anais do III Congresso

Sul-Riograndense de H istoria y Geografia vol 2 p 427 Porto Alegre

1940 g La cultula Utica del Sur Brasileno anais do III Congresso S lllshyRiograndense de Historia y Geografia vol 2 p 389 Porto Alegre

1941 Lgts Guayanfis La Prensa November 9 Bueuos Aires 1942 Las placas esculpidas del Htoral La Prensa FebrualY 8 Buenos

Aires SIEMIRADZKI J 6SEF VON

1898 a Geologlsche Reisebeobachtungen in Slid-Brasilien Sitz Kaiser Akad Wissbull vol 107 p 23 Vienna

1898 b Beitrage zur Ethnogrnphie der sUdamerikanischen Indianer M B Anthrop Gesell Wien vol 28 (der neuen FoIge vol 18) fasc 4 pp 127-170

SIMEONS DA SILVA ANTONIO CARLOS

1924 A tribu dos indios Orenaks (Botocudos do Rio Dace) Congl ln t Amer sess 20 Rio de Janeiro 1922 vol I pp 65--84

1930 Dne moust iqualre des indiens Guat6s (Bresil) Congr lot Amer sess 23 New York 1928 pp 792-795

_ 1934 El sambaqui de Saquarema Congr Jnt Amer sess 25 La Plata 1932 vol 2 p 179

S IMPSON ENRIQUE M

1875 Exploraciones hechas pOl la corbeta Chacabuco en los arch1pieIa gos de Guaitecas Chonos i Taitao An Eldr Ma r Chile vol 1 pp 3- 166

SKOTTSDlJlG CARL

1913 Observations on the natives of the Patagonian Channel Region Amer Anthrop vol 15 pp 578-616

SNETBIAGE E HEIlmICH

1981 Dnter nordostbrasilianischen Indianern Zeit Ethnol vol 62 pp 111-205

SOARES DE SoUZA GABJUEL

1851 Tratado descrip tivo do BraSil em 1857 Rev l ust Hist Geogr Brazi l vol 14 pp 350-352 vol 15 pp 1-423

SOUTH AMERIcAN l-IISSIONAEY MAGAZINE

1854- Vols 1-9 1854-62 pubt under title Tbe vOlce of pity for South America vols 10-13 A voice for South Amer ica vols 14- South American Missionary Magazine

VOL 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 623

VmCHOY H 1908 Kapf eines Ouajaki-Miidchens Zeit Etbnol vol 40 pp 117-120

rIHcnow RUD 1879 Drel Patagonier In Velh d Berliner Gesellsch f Antblop Etbnol

u Urgescbichte pp 198-204 Berlin VOG P F

1)02-3 Material zur E thnographie und Spracbe del Gnayaki-Indianer Zeit Ethnol vol 34 pp 31l-45 vol 35 pp 849-pound74

1904 Die I ndianer des Obern Paranli Mitt Anthrop Gesell Wieo vol 34 (ser 3 vol 4) pp 200-221353-pound77

1911 Los Guayaquies Rev Unlv Buenos Aires vol 15 YEHNELDT R

1864 Explolacao da Provincia de Mato Graso Rev Trim Hist Geogr Brasil vol 27 pp 193-229

WAGNER BENRY R 1026 Sir Francis Drakes voyage around the world its aims and achieveshy

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1643 J ournael van de Nnssausche vloot I afte Beschryvingh van de voyagie om den gantschen aerd-kloot I gedaen met elf 8Chepen onder t beleydt van den admirael J aques lHeremite ende vice-admi rael Gheen Huygen Schapenham in de jaren 1623 1624 1625 en 1626 Amsterdam

WALLIS S A MUEL

1773 An account of a voyage round the wolld in the yea rs MDCCLXVI MDCCLXVII and MDCCLXVIII by Samuel Wallis Esq comshymander of his Majestys ship the Dolp hin I n Hawkeswortb 1773 vol 1

WALTDl H V CATHOUD A and MATTOS ANmAL 1937 The Confins man-a contribntion to the study of early man in South

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WXTJEN HERMANN

1921 Das holUindische Kolonialleich in Brasilien ein Kapitel aus del Kolonlalgeschichte des 17 Jahrhundelts pp 254-260 The H ague and Gotha

WAVBIN ROBERT MARQUIS DE

1926 Les derniers Indiens primitifs du bassin du Paraguay Paris W liO-NEUWIIW PRINCE MXIMllUN

1820-21 Reise nach Brasilien in den janren 1815 bis 1817 2 vols Frankshyfurt n Main

1822 Voyage au Bresil Atlas Paris VIENER CAXLOB

1876 Estudos sobre os sambaquts do sul do Brasil Arch Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro vol 1 p 1

WrLKEs CRARLES

1844 Narrative of the United States exploring expedi tion during the years 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 5 vols Philadelphia (Another edition of 1845 5 vols P hiladelphia)

Woon JOHN

] 609 Capt WQOdSvoyti e- thro the Streights of Magellan e tc In H acke William 1699 (Also in Wm Dampier A collection of voyages London 1729 vol 4 pp 83-124)

THE SAMBAQufs OF THE BRAZILIAN COAST

By ANTONIO SERRANO

INTRODUCTION

The sambaquis are heaps of mollusk shells which occur in the shape of cordons or mounds along a large section of the Brazilian coast On the shores of some large rivers such as the Amazon these deposits are formed entirely by fresh -water species of mollusks

In both cases these shen deposits often concel1l archeological remains and burials of peoples who in ages past dwelt along the coast of Brazil

The word sambaqui is of Tupi-Guarani origin and means hill of shells (from tamba shell and quf hill in a figurative sense) Its literal equivalents would be conchero in Spanish and shell-heaps in English

A sambaqui is not always a kitchen midden (kjiikkenmiiddinger) a large majority of the sambaquis are nothing more than natuml deposits of mollusks which the receding ocean left on the shore

ORIGIN OF THE SAMBAQuls

The study of the sambaquis has created two currents of conflicting opinions One upholds the artificial origin of the sambaquls stating that they were formed by the accumulation of the shells of mollusks eaten by the people living along the coasts The other frankly admits that the sambl1qu[s I1re iittoral deposits that were first shaped by natural elements and later inhabited by native tribes But between these extreme theories is one that admits a mixed origin of the samshybaquis maintaining that the inhabitants of the region kept piling the shells of mollusks which they used for food on top of natural mounds of shells and thus increased their ~ This is sometimes ~ but not always true In the upper part of some sambaqufs which are clearly of natural origin I have observed shells and bones of fish and mammals that are typical kitchen waste But on the whole the artilicial contribution has hardly affected the general size of the sambaqul On the Island-of Casquerinho Ihering (1903) obse~ved small hills of oyster shells which represented one familys consumption

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Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















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BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















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B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





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K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN












MORPHOLOGY




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CULTURES AND RACE





CULTURE PHASES

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_ Archaic

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b

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An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


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575





Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








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PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

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Pertbes

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Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















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BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




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B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















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LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN








CULTURES AND RACE





CULTURE PHASES

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_ Archaic

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bull Amazonian




b

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BIBLIOGRAPHY


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An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















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Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









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PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

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583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















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BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




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LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



CULTURE PHASES

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bull Amazonian




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An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


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PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

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Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















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ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




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1877- Turin






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L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




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WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



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An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









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PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

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583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















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BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




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B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















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LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN








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An Bibl __________ _________________


An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____




An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


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video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





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e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




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1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















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LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



a b

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ABBREVIATIONS




An Bibl __________ _________________


An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____




An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









575





Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








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Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





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e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








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FASULO ANTONIO















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FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























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KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN


~ rP

31 eurogtb

d



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ABBREVIATIONS




An Bibl __________ _________________


An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____




An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









575





Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








Col Rist Chlle__ ________ __________
















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Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





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e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















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FRI( VOJTECH A























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I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























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K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN


)



ABBREVIATIONS




An Bibl __________ _________________


An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____




An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









575





Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








Col Rist Chlle__ ________ __________
















de ParIs
















Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



ABBREVIATIONS




An Bibl __________ _________________


An Hidr Mar Chile ___ __ ____ __ _____




An Mus La Plata___________ _______

















An Univ Chile _____________________


Anthropos __ __________ ___________ __









575





Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








Col Rist Chlle__ ________ __________
















de ParIs
















Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN






Baessler-archlv _____________________



Bibl Ling Amer __ ___________ ______


















Bol Paleont __ ________ _______ ______








Col Rist Chlle__ ________ __________
















de ParIs
















Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN

















Man _______ _______________________





PhySIS ____ ___ ________ _____ _________

Peterma nns Mitt ___ _______________





video Url guay

Monthly

Montemiddot















Pertbes

583486-46--87
















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN

















Rev lnst Ceara_______ ______ _______



















Rev Jardfn Zool __________________





e Geo-Janeiro

e Geo-



































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN
































ADAM LUCIEN







ALBO FRANCISCO
























BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN







BAlDHICH J AMADEO



















BAncENA ALONSO




BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



BERO KABL



























1877- Turin






B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN







B URMEISTER HERMANS






CAIlOTO SEBASTIAN




CABREnA PauLO





CALIXlO BENEDICTO



















C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN













C H AMDEllLAlN A F








CLARAZ GEORG














FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN






FASULO ANTONIO















FLETOHER FRANCIS




FONcK FRANCISCO








FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN





FRI( VOJTECH A























GANDU ENRIQUE DE


~834S6--46----38


ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



ElAxLUYT RICHABD


BALE H ORATIO





FlAnRINGTON TOM As



















HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN



HUONDER P ANTON






POlfS



I GN~ CE ETIENNE






























K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN













K RAUSE FRITZ


KRICKEDEBG WALTElt


KRrm BANS





K UNIKE HUGO


KYSELA VLADIMmO




LAc ERDA J B DE


LA DlULLERO J UAN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN






LOFGREN ALBERT


L6PES DE SOUSA PERo


















LOWIE ROBERT H





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN





















S IMPSON ENRIQUE M


SKOTTSDlJlG CARL



















WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN













WALLIS S A MUEL




WXTJEN HERMANN







WrLKEs CRARLES


Woon JOHN


HANDBOOK - Giorgio Samorini Network · The sambaquis are heaps of mollusk shells which occur in the...

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Transcript of HANDBOOK - Giorgio Samorini Network · The sambaquis are heaps of mollusk shells which occur in the...