HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012 Seven Strategies for Formative Assessment.
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Transcript of HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012 Seven Strategies for Formative Assessment.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Seven Strategies for Formative
Assessment
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Housekeeping
Restroom
Breaks
Use of the library
Lunch
Questions
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Poll
Take out your cellphones!
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Information
View today’s presentation at
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HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Parking Lot
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Access from a laptop, iPad, smartphone, or other wired device.
Use this site to ask questions and make comments.
The site will be up for one year.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Learning Target
I can recognize formative assessment techniques and plan for their use in effective classroom instruction.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Introduction
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Formative Assessment
Formal and informal processes teachers and students use to gather evidence for the purpose of improving learning.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Summative Assessment
Assessments that provide evidence of student achievement for the purpose of making a judgement about student competence or program effectiveness.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Conditions Required of Formative Assessment
Aligns directly with the content standards to be learned.
Tasks match what has been or will be taught.
Provides information of sufficient detail to pinpoint specific problems, such as misunderstandings, so that teachers can make good decisions about what actions to take, and with whom.
The results are available in time to take action with the students who generated them.
Teachers and students do indeed take action based on the results.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Activity 1:
Is It Formative Assessment?
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HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Benefits of Formative Assessment
Who is and is not understanding the lesson.
What are this student's strengths and needs?
What misconceptions do I need to address?
What feedback should I give students?
What adjustments do I need to make to instruction?
How should I group students?
What differentiation do I need to prepare?
Student becomes self-directed.
Students develop the capacity to monitor the quality of their own work during production.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Strategies
Provide students with a clear and understandable vision of the learning target.
Use examples and models of strong and weak work.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Seven Strategies of Assessment for Learning
Where Am I Going?
Strategy 1: Provide students with a clear and understandable vision of the learning target.
Strategy 2: Use examples and models of strong and weak work.
Where Am I Now?
Strategy 3: Offer regular descriptive feedback.
Strategy 4: Teach students to self-assess and set goals.
How Can I Close the Gap?
Strategy 5: Design lessons to focus on learning target or aspect of quality at a time.
Strategy 6: Teach students focused revision.
Strategy 7: Engage students in self-reflection, and let them keep track of and share their learning
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Poll Results
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Where am I Going?
Strategy 1:
Clear Learning Targets
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Video
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Learning Targets
By the end of this section I want you to be able to understand:
How to give students a clear vision of what you want them to know at the end of the lesson.
How to use examples and models of strong and weak work.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Performance Goals that focus on task completion.
Learning goals - goals that describe the intended learning.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Learning Goals
Research by Black and Wiliam shows that when students are given learning goals, goals that describe the intended learning, they perform significantly better than students who are given performance goals, goals that focus on task completion.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
I Can!
We want to make sure our learning goals are written so the students understand them!! It is best to put them in “I Can statements, or My goal is…. or We are learning to…”
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How to Make Target Clear to Students
Identify the word(s) an/or phrase(s) needing clarification. Which terms will students struggle with? Imagine stating the target in its original form to your class. Then envision the degree of understanding reflected on faces throughout the room. At which word did they lose meaning?
Define the term(s) you have identified. Use a dictionary, your textbook, your state content standards document, or other reference materials specific to your subject. If you are working with a colleague, come to agreement on definitions.
Convert the definition(s) into language your students are likely to understand.
Turn the student-friendly definition into an “I” or a “We” statement: “I am learning to _________”; or “We are learning to ________.” Run it by a colleague for feedback.
Try the definition out with students. Note their response. Refine as needed.
Let students have a go at this procedure occasionally, using learning targets you think they could successfully define and paraphrase. Make sure the definition they concoct is congruent with your vision of the target.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Student-Friendly Language: Inference
1. Learning target: “Make inferences from informational/ expository and literary/narrative text” (Grade 2)
2. Word to be defined: inference
3. Definition: conclusion drawn based on evidence and logic
4. Student-friendly definition: a guess based on clues
5. Student-friendly target: I can make inferences from what I read. This means that I can make guesses based on clues when reading.
Notice that for second graders, you may not want to define informational/expository and literary/narrative text in the statement. If you want to define those terms, you may want to create separate statements, e.g., “I can read informational text. This means I can read books and articles that tell me facts.” And, “I can read literary text. That means that I can read stories.”
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ACTIVITY 2:
CREATING A CLEAR LEARNING TARGET
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Activity 2: Create a Learning Target
Now we are going to do one. Using the standards I have provided, pick one and make a clear learning target as a group.
Record the standard and learning target on the chart paper.
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Rubrics
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Formative Assessment
Studies Black and Wiliam (1998) cite as evidence of the impact of formative assessment on student achievement include the practice of teaching students the criteria by which their work would be judged.
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A good assessment for learning rubric answers for students the question, “Where am I going?”
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Student-Friendly Rubric
Arter and Chappuis, 2006 suggest this process for developing a student-friendly rubric:
1. Identify the words and phrases in the adult version that your students might not understand.
2. Look these words up in the dictionary or in textbooks. Discuss with colleagues the best phrasing choices for your students.
3. Convert the definitions into wording your students will understand. Sometimes you need to convert one word into one or more phrases or sentences.
4. Phrase the student-friendly version in the first person.
5. Try the rubric out with students. Ask for their feedback.
6. Revise as needed.
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Match to Targets
The content of your rubric should match your learning targets. When you are considering a rubric for possible use, ask yourself if it includes the dimensions you will be teaching. If not, revise the rubric or find a different one that matches the elements of quality you and your district or state believe are important.
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HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Student Work
“The features of excellent work should be so transparent that students can learn to evaluate their own work in the same way that their teachers would.”
Frederikksen & Collins, 1989, quoted in Shepard, 2001, p 1092
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Examples and Models of Strong and Weak Work
Samples should be:
Anonymous
Find on state or provincial websites
Ask students for permission to use their work as a teaching example and save it for the next year.
Create your own example, inserting errors students typically make.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Table Protocol for Analyzing Sample Papers
Students working in small groups can follow this protocol to work through the process of analyzing samples for one or more criteria (traits) on the scoring rubric. They can take turns around the table acting as moderator.
1. Everyone reads the scoring guide for __________ (specify trait) in this order: The highest level, the lowest level, and then the middle level or levels.
2. The moderator reads the sample paper aloud.
3. Everyone else thinks, “Strong or weak for _____________ (specified trait)/”
4. Everyone (including the moderator) silently and independently reads the high or low level of the rubric corresponding to their own judgments of strong or weak. If the high or low level doesn’t describe the sample well, then read the middle level (or progressing toward the middle) until you find the phrases that accurately describe the quality of the sample. Everyone writes down his or her score.
5. When all are ready, the moderator conducts the vote and tallies the scores.
6. The moderator conducts the discussion- “What did you give it and why?” – encouraging the use of the scoring rubric’s language and concepts.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Table Talk: Reflecting on Strategies 1 and 2
How do you plan on communicating the intended learning of a lesson, activity, task, project, or unit to students?
How would you explain the difference between a learning goal and a performance goal?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Conclusion
By making the learning targets or goals clear to students from the outset, we build student confidence and increase the chances that students will reach the target.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
By the end of this section I wanted you to be able to understand:
How to give students a clear vision of what you want them to know at the end of the lesson.
How to use examples and models of strong and weak work.
Did we achieve our goal?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Break
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When you return from break, find a partner from a different grade level and a different
school.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Break Activity: Think, Pair, Share
Please find a partner from a different school and different grade level that you teach and discuss the following questions:
When do students in my class receive feedback on their progress?
What forms does feedback take in my classroom?
What do I expect students to do with feedback information?
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HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Effective Feedback
Where am I now?
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“Feedback is effective when it consists of information about progress, and/or about how to proceed.”
Hattie and Timperley, 2007, p. 89
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The presence of feedback does not improve learning. It is the quality that determines its effectiveness.
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Characteristics of Effective Feedback
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What is the purpose of intervention feedback?
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Intervention feedback
Identifying areas in need of improvement and providing enough information so that the student understands what to do next
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Although many students enjoy praise, if the praise is directed to characteristics of the learner rather than to characteristics of the work or the process used, it appears to be less effective both as a motivator and an agent for improved achievement.
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Human Barometer:
Grades are essential to teaching and learning.
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“Assigning grades practice work inhibited further learning and that students ignored comments when they were accompanied by grades.”
Butler, 1988
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Effective Feedback
Effective feedback occurs during learning.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
We cultivate this mindset when we offer feedback with opportunities to improve during the learning.
Feedback is most effective in improving achievement if it is delivered while there is still time to act on it, which means before the graded event.
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Effective Feedback
Effective feedback does not do the thinking for the student.
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Effective Feedback
Suggestions for offering feedback
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Activity 3: Feedback Practice
Using the Student Work Sample Book, choose a student work sample. Use Stars and Stairs or That’s Good! Now this for practicing effective feedback.
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Peer Feedback
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Conclusion
Self-feedback
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Poll
Take out your cell phones!
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Lunch
Enjoy your lunch! See you in one hour.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Activity
Discuss strengths/challenges from pre-lunch poll.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Where Am I Now?
Strategy 4:
Teach students to self-assess and set goals.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Key Ideas
Understanding the impact of self-assessment on student achievement
Teaching students to self-assess with a focus on learning targets
Teaching students to create specific and challenging goals
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Points to Ponder
Self-assessment takes time -- why might you ask a student to do it?
What do students need to know and be able to do in order to self-assess accurately?
What problems do students have with setting goals that are likely to help them improve?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Formative assessment requires that students (pupils) have a central part in it. Unless they come to understand their strengths and weaknesses, ant how they might deal with them, they will not make progress.
Harlen & James (1997).
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
When students are involved in self-assessment, they provide themselves with regular and immediate descriptive feedback to guide their learning. They become more actively involved in a curriculum that other can seem unrelated to their lives and personal experiences.
Gregory, Cameron, & Davis, (2000).
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
“When students self-assess and set goals they develop an internal sense of control over the conditions of their success and greater ownership of the responsibility for improving.”
Black & Wiliam (1998)
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Peer Feedback + Self-Assessment = Significantly Higher Learning Levels
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What’s the first thing the student looks at when you return a paper to him?
How can we, as teachers, enable students to understand their academic strengths and weaknesses?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Formative assessment requires that pupils have a central part in it. Unless they come to understand their strengths and weaknesses, and how they might deal with, they will not make progress.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Self-Assessment Activity Ideas
Table Talk
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Self-Assessment and Goal Setting with Selected Response and Constructed Response Tasks
Using Pretest Results
Highlighting Targets
Ranking with a Scale
Human Bar Graph
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Before - Self-assessment with Pretest Results
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Before - Ranking With a Scale
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Before
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During
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During
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
After - Reviewing My Results
I AM GOOD AT THESE!Learning Targets I got right:
I AM PRETTY GOOD AT THESE, BUT NEED TO DO A LITTLE REVIEWLearning targets I got wrong because of a simple mistake:
What I can do to keep this from happening again:
I NEED TO KEEP LEARNING THESELearning targets I got wrong and I’m not sure what to do to correct them:
What I can do to get better at them:
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Goal Setting
“Hard goals work to focus attention, mobilize effort, and increase persistence at a task. By contras, do-one’s-best goals often turn out to be not much more effective than no goals at all.”
- Sadler, 1989
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Goal Setting Key Elements
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Goal Setting
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Four Corners
Activity 4: Four Corners
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How Can I Close the Gap?
Strategies 5 and 6
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The Operative Question
When students go sideways on a learning target, what are the typical problems?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Strategies 5 and 6
Strategy Five targets instruction to the learning gaps.
Select or design lessons to teach students how to recognize and avoid particular problems.
Strategy Six engages students in focused revision.
Both strategies work together: focused instruction followed by focused practice
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Learning Gaps
Incomplete understanding
Misconceptions
Partially developed skills
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Identifying Errors in Learning
Make a list of major conceptual understandings prior to teaching a lesson.
Make a list of errors while observing learning.
Make a list of errors from student work samples.
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Selected-Response Tasks
Tasks should be short and focused for easy manageability by both the teacher and the student.
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Scaffolding Ideas
Short, constructed response items
Selected response items
Performance assessment tasks
Rubrics
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Short-Constructed Response
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Selected-Response
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Using Multiple-Choice Items
Wrong answers should represent faulty reasoning, misconceptions, or partial understanding.
Fix common misconception errors
Wrong answers should help students understand correct answer
Wrong answers should be plausible and reflect a potential learning gap.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Creating Multiple-Choice Items
When addressing a knowledge target insert incorrect knowledge as the distractors.
When addressing reasoning targets, frame the target as a fill-in-the-blank or open-ended question first.
Identify the typical errors or misconceptions in the answers and write a description for each.
These descriptions become your distractor formulas.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Example
Learning Target = Makes a generalization
Ask students to read a short text about how meat-eating plants function.
Pose the question: What generalization can you make from this passage about how these plants lure prey?
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Example (continued)
Possible wrong answers...
overgeneralizing
no generalizing
incorrect interpretation of the evidence
Now write distractors around the three descriptions
Use the descriptions to create a variety of short, focused multiple-choice lessons.
Figure 5.5 is another example
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Activity
Look at a student work sample for your level and subject area.
Identify one or two instances incomplete understandings, misconceptions, or partially developed skills.
Create a short constructed-response or selected-response item for the errors identified.
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How Can I Close the Gap?
Strategy 7:
Offer regular descriptive feedback.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
“When students track progress, reflect on their learning processes and growth, and share observations about achievement or about
themselves as learners, it helps anchor their learning in long-term memory.”
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Recording Progress
ASSIGNMENT
DATE TARGET SCORESTAR/STAIR
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Collecting Samples of Work
Learning Portfolios: A selected samples of their work in a portfolio, or an intentional collection of artifacts that tell a predetermined story.
HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Table Talk
Discuss which type of portfolio you think would be most beneficial to your students and why. How do you think you could implement one of these types of learning portfolios?
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Student Reflection
A collection of work does not guarantee reflection will occur.
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Student Reflection
Reflecting on Growth
Reflecting on a Project
Reflecting on Achievement
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Samples
Weekly Reflection
Week of_______________________________Three interesting things that I learned this week are: 1. 2. 3.
One thing I am proudest of in my student notebook this week is:
One thing that I want to improve on next week is:
Next week I want my teacher to do the following:
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HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012HAMBLEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUMMER 2012
Activity 6: Tracking, Collecting, and Reflecting
Students tracking progress, collecting work, and completing personal reflections all deepen learning by increasing metacognition and moving information to permanent memory. How could you implement these three practices in an organized, effective manner in your class or grade level? Which types of recording keeping, tracking, and reflections do you feel would most benefit your students? How can students then share their learning following these processes?
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Evaluations and Certificates