Spanish 2 Grammar Concepts

Heli Martin

Table of Contents• Ser • Estar• Verbs like Gustar• Hacer Expressions• El Pretérito and Trigger Words• Car, Gar, y Zar• Spock • Cucaracha • Snake• Snakeys• Affirmative Commands• Negetive and Irregular Commands• DOPs• IOPs • Se Impersonal

Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation,

Relationship, Possession, Event, Date

Health

Emotions

Location

Present Condition

Present Participles.Rules:•-ar to –ando•-er and –ir to –iendo or -yendo

2. Estar

3. Verbs Like Gustar• These verbs follow the same conjugation

as gustar with doler having an “e” stem changer.

• Faltar- to lack• Doler- to hurt• Fascinar- to fascinate• Molestar- to bother

Examples: Te falta pelo. Nos gustan los libros.

4. Hacer Time Expressions

Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hace tres dias que no tengo problemas con Pablo.

Preterite Tense is ago. Example: Hace una semana que desapareció.

Hace + Time + Que + Verb

5. El Pretérito y Trigger Words

It is a definite time in the past, and has a beginning or an ending.Trigger words that you could assume may deal with this are:

Ayer AnocheEl año pasadoLa semana pasadaAnte ayer

-í -imos

-iste -isteí s

-ió -ieron

ER

-í -imos

-iste -isteís

-ió -ieron

IR

5. El Pretérito

El Pretérito Irregulars

There are 3 main types of Irregular Pretérito verbs we have learned about. They are:

Car, Gar, y ZarCucarachaSpock

6. Car, Gar, y Zar Irregulars

-qué -camos

-caste casteís

-có -caron

-gué -gamos

-gaste -gasteís-gó -garon

-cé -zamos

-zaste -zasteís

-zo -zaron

7. Spock Irregulars!

3 different groupings.The words in each grouping are conjugated the same way.The groupings are:

4.IR y SER5.DAR y VER6.HACER

IR- to go SER- to be

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste Fuisteís

Fue Fueron

DAR- to give VER- to see

I Imos

Iste Isteís

Io Ieron

HACER…. TO MAKE OR DO

Hice Hicimos

Hiciste Hicisteís

Hito Hicieron

8. Cucaracha Verbs

Endings for all are the same:

Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vin

Conducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj

9. Snake

• In the 3rd person, the stem change occurs.

• The stem change is to opposite vowel with the first vowel.

Dormi Dormimos

Dormiste Dormisteis

Durmio Durmierion

10. Snakeys

Follows same concept as SNAKE, but is more specific.In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”.Leer

11. Affirmative Commands

• Steps:2.Put verb in ‘yo’ form3.Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a3. If plural add a ‘n’4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF

POSITIVE• Example: Comalo!

12. Negative Commandso Steps are same as affirmative except

you may not add the DOP to the end of

the verb. It must go before it.

Example: Lo coma!

12. Irregular CommandsTVDISHES=

Tenga VERB IS TENER

Venga VERB IS VENIR

De VERB IS DAR

I- Vaya VERB IS IR

Sea VERB IS SER

Haga VERB IS HACER

Este VERB IS ESTAR

Sepa VERB IS SABER

13. DOPs

o Answers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb.

o DOPs : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, seo You MUST have a DOP in order to have an

IOP; however, in a sentence you ALWAYS put the IOP behind the DOP.

14. IOPs• Answers the question: to whom? or for whom?• IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.• You can’t have two “l” IOP/DOP le and les is

changed to “se”.• Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di. Gaveverbdi itDOPlo herIOP le but is changed to se

15. Se Impersonal f Se vende fruta.

Aqui se habla espanol.

Se hizo mucho.Se hara mucho.Se habia mucho.